Hydrocarbons, C13-16

Genetic toxicity: in vivo

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / bone marrow chromosome aberration

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1984

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: According to or similar to guideline study OECD 475: GLP.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Reference

Endpoint:

in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / bone marrow chromosome aberration

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1984

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: According to or similar to guideline study OECD 475: GLP.

Justification for type of information:

A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 475 (Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

chromosome aberration assay

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Route of administration:

intraperitoneal

Details on exposure:

A pilot study was carried out in 4 male and 4 female young adult Sprague Dawley rats. These animals were given a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose (3 g/kg) of API 81-07. During the following 48 hours observation, no animals died. The doses selected for the cytogenetics study were therefore 0.3, 1 and 3 g/kg. Three groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were given a single i.p. dose of either 0.3, 1 or 3 g API 81-07/kg. At six, 24 and 48 hours after dosing 5 males and 5 females were killed at each dose level. An additional 15 males and 15 females were untreated and served as negative controls. These animals were otherwise treated the same as the test animals. A positive control group of 5 males and 5 females was administered 0.8 mg/kg Triethylenemelamine (TEM) as a single i.p. dose. These positive control animals were killed 24 hours after administration of the positive control substance. Three hours prior to being killed with CO2, animals were injected i.p. with 4 mg/kg of colchicine. After the animal was killed, the adhering soft tissue and epiphyses of both tibiae were removed and the marrow was flushed from the bone and transferred to Hank's balanced salt solution. The marrow button was collected by centrifugation and was then re suspended in 0.075M KCl. The centrifugation was repeated and the pellet resuspended in fixative (methanol:acetic acid, 3:1). The fixative was changed once and left overnight. Cells in fixative were dropped onto glass slides which were then air dried and stained with Giemsa. Slides were coded and scored for chromosomal aberrations. 50 spreads were read for each animal where feasible. A mitotic index based on at least 500 counted cells was also recorded. The index was calculated by scoring the number of cells in mitosis per 500 cells on each read slide.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Three groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were given a single i.p. dose of either 0.3, 1 or 3 g API 81-07/kg. At six, 24 and 48 hours after dosing 5 males and 5 females were killed at each dose level. An additional 15 males and 15 females were untreated and served as negative controls.

Frequency of treatment:

Single i.p. dose of either 0.3, 1 or 3 g API 81-07/kg

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 0.3, 1 or 3 g/kg.
Basis:
analytical conc.
i.p.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

15 male and 15 female rats

Control animals:

yes, concurrent no treatment

Positive control(s):

These animals were otherwise treated the same as the test animals. A positive control group of 5 males and 5 females was administered 0.8 mg/kg Triethylenemelamine (TEM) as a single i.p. dose. These positive control animals were killed 24 hours after administration of the positive control substance.

Details of tissue and slide preparation:

Three hours prior to being killed with CO 2 , animals were injected i.p. with 4 mg/kg of colchicine. After the animal was killed, the adhering soft tissue and epiphyses of both tibiae were removed and the marrow was flushed from the bone and transferred to Hank's balanced salt solution. The marrow button was collected by centrifugation and was then resuspended in 0.075M KCl. The centrifugation was repeated and the pellet re suspended in fixative (methanol:acetic acid, 3:1). The fixative was changed once and left overnight. Cells in fixative were dropped onto glass slides which were then air dried and stained with Giemsa. Slides were coded and scored for chromosomal aberrations. 50 spreads were read for each animal where feasible. A mitotic index based on at least 500 counted cells was also recorded. The index was calculated by scoring the number of cells in mitosis per 500 cells on each read slide.

Evaluation criteria:

Data interpretation and evaluation Gaps were not counted as significant aberrations. Open breaks were considered as indicators of genetic damage as were configurations resulting from the repair of breaks. The latter included translocations, multiradials, rings, multicentrics, etc. Reunion figures such as these were weighed slightly higher than breaks since they usually resulted from more than one break. Cells with more than one aberration were considered to indicate more genetic damage than those with evidence of single events. Consistent variations from the euploid number were also considered in the evaluation of mutagenic potential.

The type of aberration, its frequency and its correlation to dose in a given time was considered in evaluating the test material as being positive or negative.

Statistics:

Statistical evaluation Performed by Student's t-tests on four parameters:
1. Number of structural aberrations per animal
2. Number of numerical aberrations per animal
3. % cells with one or more structural aberrations per animal
4. % cells with 2 or more structural aberrations per animal.

Sex:

male/female

Genotoxicity:

negative

Toxicity:

not examined

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

The data are given in the report for males, females and as male and female pooled data. When the results for males were compared with those for controls and the females were compared to controls, no statistically significant differences were found. The data summarized below, are the pooled data for males and females. The structural aberration frequency did not differ significantly from the negative control at any tested dose. The percentage of cells showing one or more structural aberrations or 2 or more structural aberrations were also similar to the negative controls. A concurrent positive control group induced significant increases in aberrations.

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results: negative
The test material did not cause chromosome aberration in the test model.

Executive summary:

The test material did not cause chromosome aberration in the test model.

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1984

Reference 2

Reference Type:

other: HPV Summary

Title:

Robust summary of information for substance group kerosene/Jet Fuel.

Author:

American Petroleum Institute

Year:

2003

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 475 (Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

chromosome aberration assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Hydrodesulfurized kerosene

IUPAC Name:

Hydrodesulfurized kerosene

Details on test material:

Kerosene, hydrodesulfurized (CAS No. 64742-81-0)

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

intraperitoneal

Details on exposure:

A pilot study was carried out in 4 male and 4 female young adult Sprague Dawley rats. These animals were given a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose (3 g/kg) of API 81-07. During the following 48 hours observation, no animals died. The doses selected for the cytogenetics study were therefore 0.3, 1 and 3 g/kg. Three groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were given a single i.p. dose of either 0.3, 1 or 3 g API 81-07/kg. At six, 24 and 48 hours after dosing 5 males and 5 females were killed at each dose level. An additional 15 males and 15 females were untreated and served as negative controls. These animals were otherwise treated the same as the test animals. A positive control group of 5 males and 5 females was administered 0.8 mg/kg Triethylenemelamine (TEM) as a single i.p. dose. These positive control animals were killed 24 hours after administration of the positive control substance. Three hours prior to being killed with CO2, animals were injected i.p. with 4 mg/kg of colchicine. After the animal was killed, the adhering soft tissue and epiphyses of both tibiae were removed and the marrow was flushed from the bone and transferred to Hank's balanced salt solution. The marrow button was collected by centrifugation and was then re suspended in 0.075M KCl. The centrifugation was repeated and the pellet resuspended in fixative (methanol:acetic acid, 3:1). The fixative was changed once and left overnight. Cells in fixative were dropped onto glass slides which were then air dried and stained with Giemsa. Slides were coded and scored for chromosomal aberrations. 50 spreads were read for each animal where feasible. A mitotic index based on at least 500 counted cells was also recorded. The index was calculated by scoring the number of cells in mitosis per 500 cells on each read slide.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Three groups of 15 male and 15 female rats were given a single i.p. dose of either 0.3, 1 or 3 g API 81-07/kg. At six, 24 and 48 hours after dosing 5 males and 5 females were killed at each dose level. An additional 15 males and 15 females were untreated and served as negative controls.

Frequency of treatment:

Single i.p. dose of either 0.3, 1 or 3 g API 81-07/kg

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 0.3, 1 or 3 g/kg.
Basis:
analytical conc.
i.p.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

15 male and 15 female rats

Control animals:

yes, concurrent no treatment

Positive control(s):

These animals were otherwise treated the same as the test animals. A positive control group of 5 males and 5 females was administered 0.8 mg/kg Triethylenemelamine (TEM) as a single i.p. dose. These positive control animals were killed 24 hours after administration of the positive control substance.

Examinations

Details of tissue and slide preparation:

Three hours prior to being killed with CO 2 , animals were injected i.p. with 4 mg/kg of colchicine. After the animal was killed, the adhering soft tissue and epiphyses of both tibiae were removed and the marrow was flushed from the bone and transferred to Hank's balanced salt solution. The marrow button was collected by centrifugation and was then resuspended in 0.075M KCl. The centrifugation was repeated and the pellet re suspended in fixative (methanol:acetic acid, 3:1). The fixative was changed once and left overnight. Cells in fixative were dropped onto glass slides which were then air dried and stained with Giemsa. Slides were coded and scored for chromosomal aberrations. 50 spreads were read for each animal where feasible. A mitotic index based on at least 500 counted cells was also recorded. The index was calculated by scoring the number of cells in mitosis per 500 cells on each read slide.

Evaluation criteria:

Data interpretation and evaluation Gaps were not counted as significant aberrations. Open breaks were considered as indicators of genetic damage as were configurations resulting from the repair of breaks. The latter included translocations, multiradials, rings, multicentrics, etc. Reunion figures such as these were weighed slightly higher than breaks since they usually resulted from more than one break. Cells with more than one aberration were considered to indicate more genetic damage than those with evidence of single events. Consistent variations from the euploid number were also considered in the evaluation of mutagenic potential.

The type of aberration, its frequency and its correlation to dose in a given time was considered in evaluating the test material as being positive or negative.

Statistics:

Statistical evaluation Performed by Student's t-tests on four parameters:
1. Number of structural aberrations per animal
2. Number of numerical aberrations per animal
3. % cells with one or more structural aberrations per animal
4. % cells with 2 or more structural aberrations per animal.

Results and discussion

Test results

Sex:

male/female

Genotoxicity:

negative

Toxicity:

not examined

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

The data are given in the report for males, females and as male and female pooled data. When the results for males were compared with those for controls and the females were compared to controls, no statistically significant differences were found. The data summarized below, are the pooled data for males and females. The structural aberration frequency did not differ significantly from the negative control at any tested dose. The percentage of cells showing one or more structural aberrations or 2 or more structural aberrations were also similar to the negative controls. A concurrent positive control group induced significant increases in aberrations.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results: negative
The test material did not cause chromosome aberration in the test model.

Executive summary:

The test material did not cause chromosome aberration in the test model.