Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 605-143-8 | CAS number: 158318-67-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
In an in vitro metabolism study, the hydrolysis of oleic acid esterified methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, adonitol, sorbitol, and sucrose was studied. The hydrolysis was assessed in incubations with various preparations of rat pancreatic juice, including pure lipase. Incubations with sodium taurocholate were included to distinguish lipase from non-specific lipase activity. Lipase did not catalyse the hydrolysis of substances with more than three ester groups. Compounds with four and five ester groups were hydrolysed by the endogenous enzyme non-specific lipase. Compounds containing six or eight ester groups were not hydrolysed by the pancreatic juice(Mattson and Volpenhain 1972).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Toxicokinetics
Due to the high lipophilicity, an uptake by micellular solubilisation is expected after oral exposure. On the basis of the application profile of the substance and the physico-chemical properties (low vapour pressure), inhalation as a vapour is negligible. The dermal uptake into the stratum corneum is expected to be efficient, but transfer to the epidermis is limited because of the high lipophilicity. Once absorbed, the substance is expected to be efficiently metabolized by esterases and epoxide hydrolases, as the substance has a high structural resemblance to endogenous substrates of these enzymes. The excretion of the degradation products is via exhalation air (carbon dioxide) or urine (water and Phase II-conjugates of diol fatty acids). A bioaccumulation potential is not expected.
1. Chemical and physico-chemical description of the substance
The substance to be registered is a reaction product (ester) of fatty acids (C16-18 and C18-unsaturated) with methanol, of which the double bond(s) in the fatty acid chain were subsequently epoxidized. It can be described with the CAS no. 158318-67-3 (CAS name: Fatty acids, C16-18 and C18 -unsatd., Me esters, epoxidized).
Description of the physico-chemical properties:
- physical state (20°C): liquid
- vapour pressure (20°C):1.3 x 10-6hPa
- molecular weight: appr. 312.5 Da (EPISUITE, v3.12)
- log Kow: >= 6 (23° C)
- water solubility: 8-24 mg/L at 20 °C
- Boiling point: substance decomposes at about 200°C
The substance is characterized by a lipophilic nature, a low volatility and relatively low water solubility.
2. Toxicokinetic assessment
No experimental data on absorption, metabolism and distribution are available for the substance. Based on the structure and the physico-chemical properties of the substance, the toxivokinetic behaviour can be evaluated.
2.1 Absorption:
In the gastro-intestinal tract, the highly lipophilic substance (log Kow > 6) with limited low water solubility (8-24 mg/L) and a relatively high molecular weight (appr. 312.5 Da) is unlikely to be absorbed by passive diffusion. An uptake due to micellular solubilisation could be expected. The substance to be registered has a low vapour pressure of 1.3 x 10-6 hPa (0.00013 Pa) and decomposes at about 200°C, indicating that inhalation as a vapour will be negligible. If the substance reaches the respiratory tract, passive diffusion is unlikely due to the high log Pow, the relatively low water solubility the rather high molecular weight. Theoretically, a systemic uptake could take place after micellular solubilisation.
With a molecular weight of >300 Da,
the substance is relatively large for the dermal absorption. The high
lipophilicity (log Kow >6) favours the penetration into the stratum
corneum, but limits the transfer between stratum corneum and epidermis.
Considering the physico-chemical parameters, an accumulation of the
substance in the stratum corneum might occur. As worst case assumption,
a dermal uptake of 10% is assumed.
2.2 Metabolism and Excretion:
Once absorbed, a metabolic reaction could in principle take place at the epoxide- or the ester site of the substance. The ester function is likely to be metabolized like dietary fats. As shown by Mattson and Volpenhain, esters of fatty acids and different alcohols (methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol…) are potential substrates for endogenous lipases in the bile-pancreatic fluid. These enzymes catalyse the hydrolysis to the corresponding alcohol and acid. As cleavage products of the substance to be registered, methanol as well as epoxidized/non-epoxidized fatty acids are formed. The fatty acids without epoxy site are further metabolized like any other dietary fatty acid, undergoing an oxidation to carbon dioxide and water. Epoxidized fatty acids can also be formed endogenously, and some fatty acid epoxides even have a physiological function (e.g. leukotriene A4). Consequently, efficient mechanisms are in place to control the level of epoxides and to further metabolize them. The epoxide function is a typical substrate for epoxide hydrolases, which can be assigned to the Phase I metabolic enzymes. For the conversion of fatty acid epoxides into diol fatty acids, the microsomal epoxide hydrolase mEHband especially the soluble epoxide hydrolase sEHTSO play a major role in the human body (reference: e.g. H. Marquardt/S.G. Schäfer, Lehrbuch der Toxikologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 1997, chapter “Fremstoffmetabolismus” (author: F. Oesch)). These epoxide hydrolases are present in many human organs. However, the major site of metabolism of the fatty acid epoxides is most likely the liver. The resulting diol fatty acids are further processed by metabolic Phase II enzymes, e.g. by glutathione transferase. The glutathione conjugate has an increased water solubility, which enables the excretion via urine.
The mammalian metabolization of methanol is well investigated. It occurs mainly in the liver, where methanol is initially converted to formaldehyde, which is in turn converted to formate. Formate is converted to carbon dioxide and water. In humans and monkeys, the oxidation to formaldehyde is mediated by alcohol dehydrogenases and basically limited to the capacity of those enzymes. In rodents, the oxidation to formaldehyde predominantly employes the catalase-peroxidase pathway which is of less capacity than the ADH-pathway in humans, but on the other hand produces oxygen radicals which may be involved into the developmental effects in rodents which - in contrast to humans - tolerate high methanol levels without signs of CNS or retinal toxicity. The last oxidation step, conversion of formate to carbon dioxide employes formyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase a co-enzyme, is of comparably low capacity in primates which leads to a low clearance of formate, possibly also from sensitive target tissues (such as CNS and the retina) .
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.