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EC number: 202-617-2 | CAS number: 97-90-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well conducted study, carried out by Nippon Bioresearch Inc.Hashima Laboratory (Japan).
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 997
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- , An old version of OECD 422 (not containing functional observation battery test) had been conducted.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- EC Number:
- 212-782-2
- EC Name:
- 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- Cas Number:
- 868-77-9
- Molecular formula:
- C6H10O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- Details on test material:
- - Purity: 97.6 %
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Crj: CD(SD)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Japan
- Age at study initiation: 10 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: male 341~380 g; the female was 232~256 g.
- Housing: suspended, stainless steel cage; 5/cage until breeding, then divided into separate rearing cages.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 day quarantine; 7 day acclimation
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 ~ 24 ℃
- Humidity (%): 40 to 70%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hour light / 12 hour dark
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on oral exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: dissolved in water
VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): water
- Concentration in vehicle: 5 mL/kg - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Males, 49 days; Females, from 14 days before mating to day 3 of lactation
- Frequency of treatment:
- Once daily
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0 (vehicle), 30, 100, 300, 1000 mg/kg/day
Basis:
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 12
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- Post-exposure period: Male, 50 days; Females, day 4 of lactation
- Dose selection rationale: based on range-finding
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): random - Positive control:
- not applicable
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily
- Cage side observations checked : general condition and mortality; estrus and abnormal labor conditions in females
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: twice per week in males; before mating, twice a week during the mating period, 0, 7 ,14 and 21 days duirng pregnancy, during the feeding period was measured 0 and 4 days in females
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): one week prior to mating, then twice a week; additionally, in females, days 2,9,16 and 21 of pregnancy, four days over the feeding period.
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No data
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data
FOOD EFFICIENCY:
- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: day after treatment
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes; sodium pentobarbital
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: No data
- Parameters checked in table [No.1] were examined.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: day after treatment
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: No data
- Parameters checked in table [No.2] were examined.
URINALYSIS: No
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No - Sacrifice and pathology:
- Terminal kill: Males, day 50; Females, day 4 of lactation
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes; Thymus, liver, kidney, testis and epididymis weight in males and ovary in females was measured after removal, adrenal gland, brain, heart and spleen and 10% neutral buffered formalin solution (However, testicular and epididymal fluid Buan) was fixed. Post-mortem examination of feamles who did not give birth to Day 25 of pregnancy. Number of corpora lutea and the number of implantation scars in females.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes; Paraffin-embedded specimens were prepared. Control group and 1000 mg / kg group of heart, liver, spleen, thymus, kidney, testis and epididymis in males ovary in females, adrenal and brain for the Preparation HE staining of tissue was examined histologically. In males, 1000 mg / kg in the kidney was considered to indicate a difference in the number of abnormal animals in the test group compared with the control group; 30, 100 and 300 mg / kg group were similarly examined. In females, 1000 mg / kg differences in the brain was considered to indicate an abnormal number of animals in the test group than the control group and changes in adrenal cases and 30, 100, 300 mg / kg group were similarly examined. - Other examinations:
- Fetal examinations
(1) number of preterm birth and sex, number of stillborn children, the presence of abnormalities observed and the number of newborn.
(2) general condition and mortality
(3) measurement of body weight
(4) autopsy
- Statistics:
- Newborn screening as a unit has an average of one litter.
Weight (the parent animals, babies), food consumption, number of estrus, days mating, pregnancy [Day delivery (feeding 0) - date confirmed mating, the number of implantation scars, the number of birth control mobilize (number of babies stillborn baby + ), the number of newborn, number of children born dead, birth rate [(number of birth control mobilize / number of implantation scars) × 100], rate of production of child [(number of infant feeding 0 days / number of implantation scars) × 100], corpus number, implantation rates [(number of implantation scars / number of corpora lutea) × 100], fertility [(number of infant feeding 0 day / mobilize all of birth control) × 100], feeding baby number four day, feeding 4 day survival rate [(number of infant feeding 4 days / 0 Number of infant feeding day) × 100], unusual occurrence rate [(number of children with abnormal/ number of newborns) × 100], sex ratio (male / female), organ weights ( including the relative weight), results of blood tests, blood biochemistry test results for the mean and standard deviation were calculated for each group.
Significant difference test, Bartlett's test and the homoscedasticity of Law, analysis of variance, Dunnett method. Kruskal-Wallis test.
Copulation rate [(number of established animal mating / number of live animals) × 100], fertility [(number of female fertility / Establishment of animal mating) × 100], the birth rate [(number of female newborns / number of female fertility) × 100] is, χ ^ 2 using the test.
Cochran • Armitage was carried out using a test of dose-response trend test.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- Detail:[Males]
1) General condition: With the survival animals, no death and no moribund were found for 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day groups. At 1000 mg/kg/day, one death on day 20 of dosing was seen and abnormality wasn't seen except for salivation until the previous day. With the dead animals, no abnormality was found for 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day groups. At 1000 mg/kg/day, salivation was seen in about 1 to 30-minutes after dosing from day 3. 2) Body weight: No significant difference from control group was seen in 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day groups. At 1000 mg/kg/day, the significant low value was recorded during day 18 to day 25 of dosing andduring day 32 to day 50 of dosing.
3) Food consumption: At 30 and 300 mg/kg/day, no significant difference from control was seen. At 100 mg/kg/day, the significant high values were seen on day 31. but no dose-related changes were obserbed.At 1000 mg/kg/day, the statistically significant low values were recorded on day 13, 31 and during day 38 to day 45.
4) Hematological examination: No significant difference from control group was seen for all groups up to 1000 mg/kg/day dose.
5) Blood chemical examination: At 30 and 300 mg/kg/day,the significant high value in BUN were seen. As the difference was very small, this was not considered as the adverse effect of HEMA dosing. At 100 mg/kg/day, a higher value of BUN but not statistically signifficant difference from control was recorded. At 1000 mg/kg/day, the significant high values were recorded in BUN, K, Cl,I-phosphorous and Triglyceride.
6) Autopsy: No abnormalitywas found for 30 and 100 mg/kg groups. In the 300 mg/kg group, the albedo spot in the kidney of the unilateral in the 1 animal and, the atrophy of the testiculus of the bilaterality and softening were observed in the 1 animal. In the 1000 mg/kg group, the dark-red of the thymus gland in the 1 animal and the hypertrophy of the kidney of bilaterality in the 1 animal were observed.
7) Weight oforgans: At 30 mg/kg/day, no significant difference from control group in absolute and relative weight was seen for all organs. At 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, the significant high value was recorded in the absolute weight of kidneys. At 1000 mg/kg/day, the statistically significant high values were recorded in the relative weight of liver and kidneys.
8) Histopathological examination: At 1000 mg/kg/day in the survival animals, the dilatation of renal tubule in 3 animals in the kidney and the dilatation of collecting tubules in 2 animals were obserbed. But, all these changes were just slight. And the dilatation of renal tubule has a significant difference but no dose-related changes. As for the dilatation of collecting tubules, it has no significant difference but increase tendency. In the other group, there were hemorrhage of thymus gland, microgranuloma of the heart, microgranuloma of the liver and hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration of the centrilobular, renal basophilic tubules, eosinophilic corpuscle in proximal tubule, cyst, diffusive mineral deposition and neutrophilic infiltration. But it was judged with the incidental change, because they were whether it equivalently seems even in the control group or small number animals. And no abnormality was observed in spleen, adrenal, testiculus and brain in the control and 1000 mg/kg group. In animal of death of the 1000 mg/kg group, there were hemorrhage of the thymus gland, edema of the lung, autolysis of adrenal and lung and thymus gland with the deadanimal of 1000 mg/kg group. As for those degrees, all were just slight. In the adrenal with the abnormality in the autopsy, no change which suggested hypertrophy was seen.
[Females]
1) General condition: With the existence animales, no death and no moribund were seen for 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day groups. At 1000 mg/kg/day, three death on day 6 of dosing, one death on day 12 of dosing and one death on day 17 of dosing were seen. Salivation, decrease in locomotor activity, adoption of a prone position, acrimation, soiled fur, hypothermia, bradypnea were seen at 1000 mg/kg. With the death animals, no abnormality was found for 30, 100 and300 mg/kg/day groups. At 1000 mg/kg/day, salivation was seen in about 1 to 30-minutes after dosing from day 3.
2) Body weight: Before mating period, no significant difference from control group was seen at 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day. At 1000 mg/kg/day, the significant lower values were recorded on day 4 and 5 of dosing. During gestation period, no significant difference from control groups was seen in 30, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups. At 100 mg/kg/day, the significant high values were recorded on day 21 of gestation, but no dose-related changes were observed. During lactation period, no significant difference from control groups was seen in 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups. At 30 and 100 mg/kg/day, the significant high values were recorded on day 4 of lactation, but no dose-related changes were obserbed.
3) Food consumption: Before mating period, no significant difference from control group was seen at 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day. At 1000 mg/kg/day, the significant low value from control group was recorded on day 3, 6 and 13 of dosing. During gestation period, no significant difference from control groups was seen in 30 and 300 mg/kg/day groups. At 100 and 1000 mg/kg/day, the significant high value from control group was recorded on day 16 of gestation, but no dose-related changes were observed. During lactation period, no significant difference from control groups was seen.
4) Weight of organs: At 30 mg/kg/day, no significant difference from control group in absolute and relative weight was seen for all organs. At 100 mg/kg/day,the significant high value was recorded in the absolute weight of kidneys. At 1000 mg/kg/day, the significant high values were recorded in the relative and absolute weight of kidneys.
5) Histopathological examination: Though at 1000 mg/kg/day survival groups, neutrophilic infiltration (unilateral ) to medulla and papilla mammae part in the kidney were observed in the 1 animal, the degree was slight. Though extensive softening of the medulla oblongata in the brain was observed in the 1 example at 1000 mg/kg group, the degree was slight. In dead 6 animals of the 1000 mg/kg group, there were the edema in 1 animal in the lung, the atrophy in 1 animal in the thymus gland, the atrophy in 5 animals and the atrophy of a Malpighian body in 1 animals in the spleen, the hyperplasia of zona fasciculata in 3 animals and the autolysis in 1 animal in the the adrenal and the erosion in 1 animal in the small intestinal mucosa. The degrees of the atrophy in the thymus gland and the atrophy of a Malpighian body were moderate, but the others were slight. All the changes are noted related agonism. No changes which suggested, though the hypertrophy of the adrenal in 2 animals, dark-red of the glandular stomach mucosa in 2 animals and dark-red of the intestinum tenue were observed as abnormal in the autopsy of the 1000 mg/kg group.
Effect levels
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- clinical biochemistry
- organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
- organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- An OECD 422 study was conducted with rats by gavage at doses of 0, 30, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg. The NOELs for repeat dose toxicity are considered to be less than 30 mg/kg for males, and 30 mg/kg for females.
- Executive summary:
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate was studied for oral toxicity in rats in an OECD combined repeat dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test at doses of 0, 30, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day. One male and 6 females of the 1000 mg/kg group (12 animals of each sex) died during the treatment period. In the males, BUN was elevated or tended to be high at 30 mg/kg or more, and the relative kidney weights were increased at 100 mg/kg or more. Salivation, suppression of body weight gain, decrease in food consumption, iucreased K, C1 and inorganic phosphorous, decreased triglyceride, increased relative liver weights, dilatation of renal tubules and collection tubules in the kidney were seen at 1000 mg/kg. In the females, the relative kidney weights were elevated or tended to be high at 100 mg/kg or more. Salivation, decrease in locomotor activity, adoption of a prone position, lacrimation, soiled fur, hypothermia, bradypnea, suppression in body weight gain, decrease in food consumption, increases of absolute and relative kidney weights, neutrophil cellular infiltration in the papilla and medulla and massive malacia in the medulla oblongata were seen at 1000 mg/kg. The NOELs for repeat dose toxicity are considered to be less than 30 mg/kg for males, and 30 mg/kg for females.
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