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EC number: 687-538-5 | CAS number: 18423-20-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2002
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: public available literature (non GLP)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biodegradation of formaldehyde and its derivated in industial watewater with methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha and with the yeast-bioaugmented activated sludge
- Author:
- Kaszycki, P.; Koloczek, H.
- Year:
- 2 002
- Bibliographic source:
- Biodegradation 13 : 91-99, 2002
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 A (Ready Biodegradability: DOC Die Away Test)
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Methenamine
- EC Number:
- 202-905-8
- EC Name:
- Methenamine
- Cas Number:
- 100-97-0
- Molecular formula:
- C6H12N4
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1~3,7~]decane
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
1) pH 7.8
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- The study included several independent activated sludge samples collected at aeration chambers of biological wastewater treatment stations of different chemical plants. As an additional reference in yeast integration experiments, the activated sludge from a typical municipal household wastewater treatment
station was also used. The activated sludge was applied in experiments within two weeks after collection.
The sludge was stored at 4 ◦C and upon experiment, it was reactivated by placing 50–100 ml suspension in a 250 ml flask and by aerobically cultivating in a rotary shaker for 48 h at room temperature. Both themorphology and biological condition of each activated sludge sample were monitored by microscopic observations. In biodegradation studies, the sludge was preadapted to formaldehyde in a manner similar to methylotrophic yeast cultures. Integration of the activated sludge with H. polymorpha was performed by adding the appropriate number of yeast cells to 20–50 ml of the sludge suspension and by cultivating the mixture under aerobic conditions for 24 hours at 25 ◦C. In model experiments, a synthetic wastewater solution contained ammonium nitrogen, chloride and inorganic phosphorus at concentrations: 200 mg/l (NH4)2SO4, 300 mg/l KCl, and 30 mg/l H3PO4 as well as a trace amount (0.0025%) of yeast extract to provide the cell cultures with a minimum amount of microelements, vitamins, and other factors. A defined concentration of a particular xenobiotic was added to the medium as a sole carbon source. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 48 h
Initial test substance concentrationopen allclose all
- Initial conc.:
- 1 675 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: Methenamine in 2350 mg/l of bound and anbound formaldehyd (mainly methenamine) in wastewater experiments
- Initial conc.:
- 1 600 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: pure methenamine
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- test mat. analysis
- Details on study design:
- 1) Measurement of methenamin in wastewater
2) Measurement of pure methenamine
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- not specified
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- no data
- Test performance:
- A good test performance was documented.
% Degradationopen allclose all
- Parameter:
- % degradation (test mat. analysis)
- Value:
- 9
- Sampling time:
- 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Wastewater, pH 8.1
- Parameter:
- % degradation (test mat. analysis)
- Value:
- 74
- Sampling time:
- 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Wastewater, pH 4.5
- Parameter:
- % degradation (test mat. analysis)
- Value:
- 44
- Sampling time:
- 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Wastewater, pH 5.3
- Details on results:
- 1) Wastewater:
Very poor degradation with H. polymorpha at high ph values of 8.1. At lower pH (4.5) a degradation of 74% was observed.
2) Pure methenamine:
In a model system at pH 5.3, H. polymorpha dens culture (at about 10(exp 7) cells/mL) was able to biodegrade methenamineat initial concentrations up to 1600 mg/L to about 44%.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- No reference substance
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Methenamine is biodegradable in wastewater at low pH conditions.
- Executive summary:
Methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha were shown to cooperate with activated sludge from biological wastewater treatment stations, enhancing substantially its potential to biodegrade formaldehyde in industrial wastewater. After integrationwith yeast cells themodified sludge retained its original structure and activity whereas its resistance to elevated formaldehyde concentrations was significantly improved. The applicability of the yeast in the utilization of formaldehyde derivatives, as exemplified by urotropine and trioxane, was also investigated. The treatment of urotropine-containing wastewater with methylotrophic yeast was found to be effective at acidic conditions (pH below 5.5). Trioxanewas not degraded due to the stability of an ether bond whichmade the molecule recalcitrant to oxidation via methylotrophic pathway reactions. It is concluded that the yeast species may be applied to treat wastewater containing formaldehyde and some of its derivatives as either monocultures or as an integrated, specialized element of the activated sludge biocenosis.
Results:
1) Wastewater: Very poor degradation with H. polymorpha at high ph values of 8.1. At lower pH (4.5) a degradation of 74% was observed.
2) Pure methenamine: In a model system at pH 5.3, H. polymorpha dens culture (at about 10(exp 7) cells/mL) was able to biodegrade methenamine at initial concentrations up to 1600 mg/L to about 44%.
Methenamine can be regarded biodegradable in wastewater at low pH conditions.
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