(1E)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

The 4-hr inhalation LC50 in Sprague Dawley rats was 120000 ppm (638000 mg/m3). As the substance is a gas, acute oral and dermal studies do not need to be conducted because relevant human exposure by the oral or dermal route does not occur.

 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: Approx: 9 - 10 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: Pilot 1: 394.9 g (male) 224 g (female); Pilot 2: 392.8 g (male) 221.3 g (female); Group A: 420.4 g (male) 249.5 g (female); Group B: 405.7 g (male) 250.8 g (female); Group C: 358.7 g (male) 261 g (female)
- Housing: Macrolon cages bedding of wood shavings (Lignocel, type 3/4, Rettenmaier, Rosenberg, Germany) and strips of paper (Enviro-dri, Lillico, Betchworth, England), pilot studies: individually, main study: 5 males or 5 females per cage
- Diet: ad libitum commercially available rodent diet (Rat & Mouse No. 3 Breeding Diet RM3) from SDS Special Diets Services, Witham, England except withheld during exposure
- Water: ad libitum except withheld during exposure
- Acclimation period: Pilot 1: 19 days; Pilot 2: 20 days; Group A: 25 days; Group B: 27 days; Group C: 7 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 24
- Humidity (%): 40 - 70
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Route of administration:

inhalation: gas

Type of inhalation exposure:

nose only

Vehicle:

air

Details on inhalation exposure:

GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: cylindrical stainless steel column, surrounded by a transparent cylinder.
- Exposure chamber volume: ca. 50 litres
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: plastic animal holders (Battelle)
- Source and rate of air: humidifed compressed air, in addition oxygen added to ensure oxygen concentration of at least 19.5 %
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: 21.3 – 23.9 °C; 37.2 -62.9 % humidity; 20.5 - 20.9 % oxygen

TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: total carbon analyser
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

yes

Duration of exposure:

ca. 4 h

Concentrations:

Pilot 1: 200000 ppm
Pilot 2: 50000 ppm
Main test: 96000, 156000, 120000ppm

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Pilot 1: 1
Pilot 2: 1
Main study: 5

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: body weights on day 0, 7 and 14; clinical signs daily
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes

Statistics:

The 4-h LC50 was calculated using according to Finney (Finney D.J., Probit Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 1997) using a computer program (Wil ten Berge, 2006, Dose Respons Beta 2006 WtB.xls).

Key result

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

120 000 ppm

Based on:

test mat.

95% CL:

>= 108 500 - <= 133 800

Exp. duration:

4 h

Mortality:

Pilot 1: both animals died during exposure
Pilot 2: both animals survived
Main study: one female died during exposure to 96000 pp; 1 female and 3 males in Group C (120000 ppm) died during exposure; all animals in Group B (156000 ppm) died during exposure.

Clinical signs:

other: Pilot 2: shallow breathing at an increased rate (slight) during exposure. Group A: During exposure: clear restlessness and tremors in tail and body (slight) in all rats; haemorrhagic discharge from the mouth in one male. Shortly after exposure: clear rest

Body weight:

Group A: One male animal showed appreciably weight loss on day 1, during the remainder of the 14-day observation period body weight increased again to almost the pre-exposure level. The other animals that survived the exposure demonstrated increases in body weight during the observation period which are within the range for animals of this strain and age.
Group C: Surviving animals demonstrated variability with respect to body weight gain ranging from weight gain as expected in two animals to weight loss during both the first and the second observation week. Weight loss was observed in all animals that died during exposure and were weighed at necropsy

Gross pathology:

Pilot 1: Haemorrhagic discharge from the nose and mouth and a red discolouration of the lungs in both animals
Pilot 2: No abnormalities obseved
Group A: Gray discoloured lungs in one male and four female animals. Two males had petechiae in the lungs. No abnormalities were found in the female that was found dead on day 1.
Group B: Red spots on the thymus of two females, petechiae in the lungs of one male animal and a dark red discolouration of the upper lung lobes in another male rat.
Group C: All animals found dead during exposure (one female, 3 males) showed soiled fur, black discoloured tail, and enlarged and red discoloured (and in two cases haemorrhagic) lungs. No abnormalities were found at necropsy of the surviving animals.

Mean (rounded) test atmosphere concentrations and generation efficiencies:

Pilot 1 (target 200000 ppm): actual concentration 200,000 ppm (total carbon analysis); generation efficiency 105 %

Pilot 2 (target 50000 ppm): actual concentration 50000 ppm (total carbon analysis); generation efficiency 98 %

 

Group A (target 100,000 ppm): actual concentration 96000 ppm (total carbon analysis); generation efficiency 93 %

Group B (target 125000 ppm): actual concentration 156000 ppm (calculated from rotameter readings; value obtained by total carbon analysis [131,000 ppm] was incorrect, probably due to an unexplained change in the sensitivity of the equipment); generation efficiency 96 %

Group C (target 120000): actual concentration 120000 (total carbon analysis); generation efficiency 98 %

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The 4-hour LC50 for rats of both sexes combined was calculated to be 120000 ppm (exposure nose only).

Executive summary:

The acute inhalation toxicity of the test substance was determined in a study with Sprague-Dawleys rats performed according to OECD guideline 403 and GLP. To assess a suitable concentration range for the main study, two pilot experiments were carried out in which groups of 1 male and 1 female were exposed to levels of 50000 or 200000 ppm of the test substance for 4-hours. All rats in the 50000 ppm exposure level group survived while all rats in the 200000 ppm exposure level group died. In the main study, groups of 5 male and 5 female rats were exposed to 96000, 120000, or 1560000 ppm, for 4 hrs and held for an observation period of 14 days. One female in the 96000 ppm exposure level group, 3 males and 1 female in the 120000 ppm exposure level group and all animals in the 156000 exposure level group died. Clinical signs included tremors or the tail and body, lethargy, hunched appearance, piloerection, blepharospasm, exophthalmus and restlessness as well as a red brown discoloration of the head (only one male). These signs were seen during exposure, immediately after exposure and during the first few days following exposure. Body weight gain in surviving animals exposed to 96,000 ppm was as expected for animals of this strain and age. For surviving animals exposed to 120,000 ppm, however, weight gain varied between weight loss in both observation weeks and normal weight gain in both observation weeks. The main macroscopic finding in animals that died was red discoloration of the lungs. Except for gray discoloration in some lungs and a few observations of petechiae, no abnormalities were found at necropsy of the animals surviving until the 14 day sacrifice. The LC50 was calculated to be 120000 ppm (95% confidence interval limits: 108500 – 133800 ppm).

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Value:

638 000 mg/m³ air

Physical form:

inhalation: gas

Quality of whole database:

GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

The acute inhalation toxicity of the test substance was determined in a study with Sprague-Dawleys rats performed according to OECD guideline 403 and GLP (TNO, 2009a). To assess a suitable concentration range for the main study, two pilot experiments were carried out in which groups of 1 male and 1 female were exposed to levels of 50000 or 200000 ppm of the test substance for 4-hours. All rats in the 50000 ppm exposure level group survived while all rats in the 200000 ppm exposure level group died. In the main study, groups of 5 male and 5 female rats were exposed to 96000, 120000, or 1560000 ppm, for 4 hrs and held for an observation period of 14 days. One female in the 96000 ppm exposure level group, 3 males and 1 female in the 120000 ppm exposure level group and all animals in the 156000 exposure level group died. Clinical signs included tremors of the tail and body, lethargy, hunched appearance, piloerection, blepharospasm, exophthalmus and restlessness as well as a red brown discoloration of the head (only one male). These signs were seen during exposure, immediately after exposure, and during the first few days following the exposure. Body weight gain in surviving animals exposed to 96000 ppm was as expected for animals of this strain and age. For surviving animals exposed to 120000 ppm, however, weight gain varied between weight loss in both observation weeks and normal weight gain in both observation weeks.The main macroscopic finding in animals that died was red discoloration of the lungs. Except for gray discoloration in some lungs and a few observations of petechiae, no abnormalities were found at necropsy of the animals surviving until the 14 day sacrifice. The LC50 was calculated to be 120000 ppm (95 % confidence interval limits: 108500 – 133800 ppm).

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the available information, the classification for acute toxicity is not warranted in accordance with EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation No. (EC) 1272/2008.