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EC number: 251-908-0 | CAS number: 34274-28-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: The study was conducted according to an appropriate OECD test guideline and in compliance with GLP.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 E (Ready biodegradability: Modified OECD Screening Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Activated sludge from HRC sewage treatment plant. The nature of the influent to this treatment plant is not known. Filtered through Whatman No. 1 paper (first 200 ml discarded).
- Storage conditions: Filtrate kept aerated until used - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: The carbon content of each sample was calculated from the empirical formula and sufficient added to 2 litre medium to give a nominal carbon content of 40 mg/l. The solution was then spli into two 1 litre replicates and inoculated. Inoculum usage rate: 0.5 ml/l
- Test temperature: 22 °C nominal. Temperatures were recorded daily and evaporative losses made up with distilled water.
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 1 litre glass beakers. Agitation; by magnetic stirrer. Colling; by cold finger condenser.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: 0, 7, 14, 21, 27, 28 d.
- Sampling method: Samples (25-30 ml) were withdrawn from each test vessel and filtered through millipore GS 0.22 µm disposable filters, discarding the first 15-20 ml. The 10 ml samples were stored frozen if not analysed imediately. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Conclusions:
- A ready biodegradation rate of 0% in 28d was determined in a reliable study conducted according to an appropriate test protocol, and in compliance with GLP.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to Annex 3 of the CSR and IUCLID Section 13 for justification of read-across within the ATMP category.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Dissolved organic carbon levels (mg/l) and calculated % bioelimination
Type of suspension |
|
Day 0 |
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 21 |
Day 27 |
Day 28 |
Test Sample |
DOC (mg/l) |
44 |
44 |
42 |
45 |
52 |
51 |
Test Sample |
Bioelimination (%) |
- |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Reference substance |
DOC (mg/l) |
33 |
7 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
Reference substance |
Bioelimination (%) |
- |
79 |
85 |
97 |
94 |
97 |
Identification of degradation products:
The registrants consider that the possible benefits to the CSA of conducting further studies of the formation of degradation products are not significant in comparison with the foreseeable difficulties to conduct and interpret the study.
Isolating and identifying degradation products presents a significant analytical challenge. There is substantial evidence across most types of phosphonates of rapid and irreversible binding to solids, particularly inorganic substrates (please refer to Section 4.2.1 of the CSR). It is difficult to envisage an analytical system suitable for extracting and analysing the substances which could not be affected by this. Secondly, the relevance of the data must be considered. Whilst there is limited degradation in the environment, it is not extensive or rapid under standard conditions. Removal processes from natural waters are attributed to the typically rapid, irreversible adsorption to solid matrices. As such the chemical safety assessment for the environment focuses on the parent substance. There are no unacceptable risks (please refer to CSR Chapter 10). The substance is not classified for environmental hazard, and is not PBT or vPvB. The organophosphonate impurities are predicted to have the same properties as DTPMP and not be of higher toxicity. Inorganic impurities present are not biodegradable.
Description of key information
ATMP and its salts are not readily biodegradable, based on 0 - 23% degradation in 28 days in reliable ready biodegradability studies.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
Additional information
- ATMP is present as ATMP-H or one of its ionised forms. The degree of ionisation depends upon the pH of the media and not whether ATMP (3-5K) salt, ATMP (3-5Na) salt, ATMP-H (acid form), or another salt was used for dosing.
- Disassociated potassium, sodium or ammonium cations. The amount of potassium or sodium present depends on which salt was dosed.
- It should also be noted that divalent and trivalent cations would preferentially replace the sodium or potassium ions. These would include calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and iron (Fe3+). These cations are more strongly bound by ATMP than potassium, sodium and ammonium. This could result in ATMP-dication (e.g. ATMP-Ca, ATMP-Mg) and ATMP-trication (e.g. ATMP-Fe) complexes being present in solution.
A reliable ready biodegradability study is available (OECD 301E, Douglas and Pell 1984), indicating 0% biodegradation of ATMP-xNa in 28 days based on DOC removal. This study is reliability 1 and is selected as the key study.
A second reliable ready biodegradability study (reliability 2) using pre-adapted inoculum (OECD 301D, Cremers and Hamwijk, 2006) indicated 22 -23% biodegradation of ATMP-H in 28 days based on O2 consumption. (Note: This is a standard study with some acceptable deviations: pre-adapted inoculum was used and inorganic phosphate was omitted from the nutrient medium. In addition, solutions of test substance stock solution were made in natural seawater).
A reliability 2 SCAS test study is also available for ATMP-H (Saeger et al. 1978). However, SCAS tests are generally considered less reliable than ready biodegradability tests. No statistically significant degradation was observed.
In a modified SCAS test, 15-35% degradation was observed after 126 days and ca. 5% degradation was observed after 28 days in a modified OECD ready screening test, reported in the same study (Horstmann and Grohmann, 1988). The results are variable, but were determined to be reliable and indicate that ATMP-H is not readily biodegradable (reliability 2).
A reliable anaerobic biodegradability study (Zeneca Brixham Environmental Laboratory, 1995) indicated a biodegradation rate of 0 - 21% in 56d for ATMP-H.
Furthermore, the results of three biodegradability in seawater studies conducted with ATMP-H (Drake, 2005, Rowlands, 2005 and Hamwijk and Cremers, 2005) (refer to IUCLID Section 5.2.2) support the conclusion that the substance is not expected to be readily biodegradable.
An OECD 306 study is available for ATMP-xNa, which reports 8% and 11% degradation in 28 days based on oxygen consumption relative to theoretical and chemical oxygen demand, respectively (Muttzall and Hanstveit, 1996, see IUCLID section 5.2.2). 56-day degradation values of 18 and 23% degradation based on oxygen consumption relative to theoretical and chemical oxygen demand, respectively (reliability 1).
The ammonium ion upon release into the environment would enter natural nitrogen cycles in air, soil and water.
The acid, sodium, potassium and ammonium salts in the ATMP category are freely soluble in water. The ATMP anion can be considered fully dissociated from its sodium, potassium or ammonium cations when in dilute solution. Under any given conditions, the degree of ionisation of the ATMP species is determined by the pH of the solution. At a specific pH, the degree of ionisation is the same regardless of whether the starting material was ATMP-H, ATMP.4Na, ATMP.7K or another salt of ATMP.
Therefore, when a salt of ATMP is introduced into test media or the environment, the following is present (separately):
In this context, for the purpose of this assessment, read-across of data within the ATMP Category is considered to be valid.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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