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EC number: 228-036-4 | CAS number: 6092-54-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.015 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 0.15 mg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.002 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 14 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.119 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.012 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 0.015 mg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for predators
Additional information
Derivation of PNECs
Dissolved hexyl chloroformate is expected to rapidly hydrolyse under formation of hexanol (CAS 111 -27 -3), hydrogen chloride (CAS 7647-01-0) and carbon dioxide (CAS 124-38-9). PNECs are based on the worst case environmental fate data and ecotoxicity data available for both the parent substance hexyl chloroformate and its main expected hydrolysis product hexanol*.
In the short-term fish toxicity study performed with the parent substance hexyl chloroformate rapid hydrolysis to hexanol and hydrogen chloride may be expected to have occurred. However, remarkably the toxicity in the study with hexyl chloroformate is considerably higher (96 -h LC50 of 15 mg/L) than the toxicity observed in the study with the hydrolysis product hexanol (96 -h LC50 of 97.2 mg/L). Considering that the pH in the study with hexyl chloroformate remained within acceptable limits, no effects are considered to be attributable to the formation of hydrogen chloride. The clearly higher toxicity of hexyl chloroformate may be expected to be due to reactivity of un-hydrolysed parent substance at the beginning of the test. On a larger geographical and temporal scale hexyl chloroformate may be expected to exist in aqueous environments mainly, if not only, as its hydrolysis products and therefore the short-term reactivity effect is considered likely to be of little relevance for environmental assessment. However, inter-species differences as well as inter-laboratory differences between the two studies cannot be excluded. Therefore, as a worst case approach, the LC50 value of 15 mg/L from the study with the parent compound is used for derivation of PNECs.
* Hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide are not considered in the environmental assessment of hexyl chloroformate for the following reasons.
The hazard of hydrochloric acid for the environment is caused by the proton (pH effect). For this reason the effect of hydrochloric acid on the organisms depends on the buffer capacity of the aquatic ecosystem. There is a possibility that the emission of hydrochloric acid could locally decrease the pH in the aquatic environment. However, normally the pH of effluents is measured frequently to maintain water quality and the range of pH can be managed properly to prevent adverse effects on the aquatic environment. Therefore, a significant decrease of the pH of the receiving water is not expected. Generally the changes in pH of the receiving water should stay within the natural range of the pH, and for this reason, adverse effects on the aquatic environment are not expected due to anthropogenic or naturally occurring hydrochloric acid (OECD SIDS, 2002).
For carbon dioxide no information on environmental fate and pathways or ecotoxicological information is available. However, the formation of carbon dioxide is considered to be of limited environmental relevance as carbon dioxide in aqeous environments is an important component of the carbonate buffering system.
Conclusion on classification
The substance needs to be classified as Aquatic Chronic Category 3, H412 (Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects) according to regulation EC/1272/2008 (CLP).
This classification is based on the worst case classifcation of both the parent substance hexyl chloroformate and its main expected hydrolysis product hexanol. Hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide are not considered for environmental classifcation for the same reasons as presented above.
Hexyl chloroformate:
For hexyl chloroformate short-term aquatic toxicity data are available for one trophic level (fish). The 96 -h LC50 value of 15 mg/L is derived from a study with zebrafish (D. rerio). Long-term aquatic toxicity data are not available and the substance is qualified as not readily biodegradable. Based on this information, the substance needs to be classified as Aquatic Chronic Category 3, H412 (Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects) according to regulation EC/1272/2008 (CLP).
Hexanol:
For hexanol short-term aquatic toxicity data are available for three trophic levels (fish, aquatic invertebrates and algae). The lowest observed acute effect concentration is a 72-h ErC50 value of 79.7 mg/L as derived from a study with algae (P. subcapitata). Long-term aquatic toxicity data are available from the same algae study in which a 72 -h ErC10 value of 19.8 mg/L was determined. The substance is qualified as readily biodegradable. The log Kow value is <4 (no experimentally determined BCF value is available). Based on all this information, the substance needs not be classified for the environment according to regulation EC/1272/2008 (CLP).
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