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EC number: 224-314-4 | CAS number: 4303-67-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 02 - 31 July 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study under GLP
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 014
- Report date:
- 2014
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Laurylimidazole
- IUPAC Name:
- Laurylimidazole
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): MTDID 13999
- Substance type: pure active substance
- Physical state: clear yellowish liquid
- Analytical purity: 99%
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 23 Sept 2016
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature in the dark
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: municipal sewage treatment plant 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, receiving predominantly domestic sewage.
- Storage conditions:The freshly obtained sludge kept under continuous aeration until further treatment
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Before use, the sludge was allowed to settle 35 min and the supernatant was used at the amount of 10 mL per liter of mineral medium
- Pretreatment: Mineral medium, dilution water, and inoculum (1% of final volume) were added to the test flasks on the day before the test. Flasks were aerated overnight to purge the system of CO2.
- Concentration of sludge: 3.3 g/L suspended solids in concentrated sludge - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentrationopen allclose all
- Initial conc.:
- 13.5 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: Total organic carbon
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Standard mineral media as per OECD 301B. Aerated with synthetic air (ca. 20% oxygen, 80% nitrogen, <1 ppm CO2) overnight to purge the media of CO2 before start of test and during test to provide oxygen and to remove CO2.
- Test temperature: 21.7 - 22.4 °C
- pH: All flasks adjusted to an initial pH of 7.6. final pH, 7.6 - 8.0
- pH adjusted: yes
- Aeration of dilution water: Yes
- Suspended solids concentration: 3.3 g/L in the concentrated sludge. The sludge was allowed to settle for 35 minutes, and 10 mL of supernatant liquid was added per liter of mineral medium.
- Continuous darkness: Test media were excluded from light. Test vessels were brown-colored bottles
- Other: Test media aerated and stirred continuously during the test period.
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 2-liter all-glass brown colored bottles
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2 for test suspension; 2 for inoculum blank, 1 for reference substance, 1 for toxicity control.
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: Continuous aeration and stirring. Synthetic air was passed through 0.0125M barium hydroxide to remove any CO2 present prior to use to aerate the test system. Synthetic air was sparged through scrubbing solution at a rate of ca. 30-100 mL/min.
- Measuring equipment: CO2 production determined by titrating remaining barium hydroxide with 0.05 M standardized HCl
- Test performed in open system: yes (CO2-free synthetic air blown continuously through medium)
- Details of trap for CO2: 100 mL of 0.0125 M Ba(OH)2 in each of three bottles connected in series to the exit air line of each exposure flask.
- Other: Test substance water solubility is limited, and substance (30 µL/2 L) was therefore added directly to test vessels by pipetting below the surface of the test medium to attain a final concentration of 13.5 mg/L, which is below the estimated water solubility. The test solutions were continuously stirred during the test to ensure optimal contact between the test substance and the microorganisms.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Every second or third day during the first 10 days and thereafter at least every fifth day until the 28th day for the inoculum blank and test suspension.
- Sampling method: At each sample time, the CO2 absorber nearest to the test bottle was removed for analysis. Each of the remaining two absorbers was moved one position in the direction of the test bottle and a new absorber was placed at the far end of the series. Phenolphthalein was used as a pH indicator. On the 28th day, the pH of all test solutions was measured and 1 mL of 37% HCl was added to each bottle. The bottles were aerated overnight to drive off any CO2 present. The final titrations were made on day 29.
- Sample storage before analysis: None.
- Other: The theoretical CO2 production was calculated from the result of the TOC analysis.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Contained only mineral media and inoculum
- Positive control: 40 mg/L sodium acetate (12 mg/L TOC)
- Toxicity control: Contained test substance at 13.5 mg/L (10 mg/L TOC) and sodium acetate at 40 mg/L (12 mg TOC/L) plus mineral medium and inoculum.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis was performend using a Shimadzu TOC-Vcph TOC analyser with SSM-5000A solid sample module. Glucose was used as total carbon standard and sodium carbonate was used as inorganic carbon standard. TOC content of MTDID 13999 was 75.05%.
% Degradation
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 2 - 3
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: values for each of duplicate flasks
- Details on results:
- The ThCO2 of laurylimidazole was calculated to be 2.75 mg CO2/mg.
The ThCO2 of sodium acetate was calculated to be 1.07 mg CO2/mg.
Mean CO2 evolution in blanks was 60.9 mg/2L (30 mg CO2/L) at the end of the tests, which is within limits of OECD TG301B (<40 mg/L).
CO2 evolution in test substance bottles was less than inoculum blanks at the first time point. Therefore, the amount of inorganic carbon in the test substance suspension at the start of the experiment was negligible (<5% of total carbon in the test substance suspension)
CO2 evolution in the toxicity control was 40% of ThCO2 on day 14. No inhibition by laurylimidazole is expected.
% biodegradation vs time plot - see Figure 1
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- Biodegradation (CO2/ThCO2) of reference substance was 8% on day 2, 35% on day 5, 62% on day 9, and 71% on day 14.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1, Carbon dioxide evolution and percent biodegradation in the OECD 301B test |
|||||||||
Day |
Blank cumulative CO2 |
Test A cumulative CO2 |
Test A Biodeg (%) |
Test B cumulative CO2 |
Test B Biodeg (%) |
Reference cumulative CO2 |
Reference Biodeg (%) |
Toxicity control cumulative CO2 (mg) |
Toxicity control Biodeg (%) |
2 |
4.4 |
0¹ |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7.2 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
30.5 |
35 |
20.1 |
13 |
7 |
15.6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
45.7 |
53 |
37.9 |
24 |
9 |
20.3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
53.4 |
62 |
47.9 |
30 |
14 |
25.3 |
0.6 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
60.8 |
71 |
64.9 |
40 |
19 |
32.8 |
1.2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
─ |
─ |
─ |
─ |
23 |
42.4 |
1.2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
─ |
─ |
─ |
─ |
27 |
49.6 |
1.2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
─ |
─ |
─ |
─ |
29 |
55.2 |
1.2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
─ |
─ |
─ |
─ |
29 |
60.4 |
1.2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
─ |
─ |
─ |
─ |
29 |
60.9 |
1.2 |
2 |
1.9 |
3 |
─ |
─ |
─ |
─ |
1, sum of mass, evolved CO2, at each time point relative to blank. Cumulative value is zero or same as previous when daily CO2 evolution in test bottle is less than for blanks. |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- positive control 71% degraded within 14 d, difference in deg of test substance 1%, total CO2 from blank 30 mg CO2/L, inorganic carbon in test substance <5% of total carbon.
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- Laurylimidazole was not readily biodegradable in an OECD 301B test (2-3% CO2/ThCO2)
- Executive summary:
Laurylimidazole was tested in an OECD301B test, using activated sludge from predominantly domestic sewage as inoculum. Cumulative CO2 release in duplicate flasks was 2% and 3% of theoretical relative to inoculum blanks. The sodium acetate positive control was 71% degraded within 14 days. The toxicity control, containing 10 mg C/L of test substance and 12 mg/L of reference substance, showed 40% CO2/ThCO2 after 14 days. Laurylimidazole is not readily biodegradable, but is not expected to inhibit biodegradation.
The test was done according to internationally accepted guidelines under GLP criteria. Inoculum density was slightly less than indicated by the guideline, but degradation of the positive control was within norms. This study is considered reliable without restrictions and is suitable for Risk Assessment, Classification & Labeling, and PBT Analysis.
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