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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 214-604-9 | CAS number: 1163-19-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Phototransformation in soil
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- phototransformation in soil
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2000
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published in the literature. Authors have published several papers on photodegradation of DecaBDE. This paper's conclusions regarding a field study do not support the conclusions reached in their laboratory work.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect of sewage-sludge application on concentrations of higher-brominated diphenyl ethers in soils and earthworms.
- Author:
- Sellstrom et al.
- Year:
- 2 005
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Sci. Tehcnol 39:9064-9070
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Photolytic debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209).
- Author:
- Soderstrom et al.
- Year:
- 2 004
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ Sci Technol 38(127-132)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Soil and earthworms collected from 3 research stations and 2 farms in Sweden. Soils amended with sewage sludge containing DecaBDE or periodically flooded with river sediment containing DecaBDE. Soil and earthworms analyzed for PBDE content. At least one analysis performed 20+ years after last application of sewage sludge containing DecaBDE.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Bis(pentabromophenyl) ether
- EC Number:
- 214-604-9
- EC Name:
- Bis(pentabromophenyl) ether
- Cas Number:
- 1163-19-5
- Molecular formula:
- C12Br10O
- IUPAC Name:
- bis(pentabromophenyl) ether
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Study design
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Analytical method:
- other: GC-MS, m/z:-79,-81, -487, -489
- Light source:
- sunlight
Duration of test at given test condition
- Duration:
- 20 yr
- Reference substance:
- no
- Dark controls:
- no
Results and discussion
% Degradation
- % Degr.:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 20 yr
- Transformation products:
- no
- Details on results:
- Soil was collected from 3 research stations (reference plots and sewage-sludge-amended plots) and 2 farms (reference and amended/flooded soils) in Sweden. [BDE209] in background (reference) soils ranged from 0.015 -0.75 ng/g dw, except for 1 farm which was impacted by river sediment flooding was 1.9 ng/g dw. At the 3 research stations which had been amended with sewage sludge, the concentrations ranged from 0.028 -1.0 ng/g dw. One farm where sewage-sludge had been applied had [BDDE209] of 2200 ng/g dw. The other farm which was periodically flooded by the River Visken, which received effluents from textile industries, had [BDE209] of 350 ng/g dw. The farm with the highest [BDE209] had last recieved sludge application 20 yr prior to sampling. The authors concluded no evidence of photolytic breakdown of BDE209 was seen based on the chromatograms of the soils, in contrast to their previous work indicating photolytic debromination of BDE209 applied to "artificially to soil with solvent in laboratory and field experiments (Soderstrom et al. 2004). Further, laboratory experiments with the high-BDE209 -soil showed no change in peak patterns with the lenght of UV exposure. The authors indicated soil ageing ahs been shown to encapsulate and shield contminants so they are less accessible to microbial breakdown, and also probably sunlight. The fact that the soils were plowed under was also thought to impact sunlight exposure. The authors concluded "The results with soils collected in the field show the importance of following up laboratory studies with field studies."
Any other information on results incl. tables
Soil was collected from 3 research stations (reference plots and sewage-sludge-amended plots) and 2 farms (reference and amended/flooded soils) in Sweden. [BDE209] in background (reference) soils ranged from 0.015 -0.75 ng/g dw, except for 1 farm which was impacted by river sediment flooding was 1.9 ng/g dw. At the 3 research stations which had been amended with sewage sludge, the concentrations ranged from 0.028 -1.0 ng/g dw. One farm where sewage-sludge had been applied had [BDDE209] of 2200 ng/g dw. The other farm which was periodically flooded by the River Visken, which received effluents from textile industries, had [BDE209] of 350 ng/g dw. The farm with the highest [BDE209] had last recieved sludge application 20 yr prior to sampling. The authors concluded no evidence of photolytic breakdown of BDE209 was seen based on the chromatograms of the soils, in contrast to their previous work indicating photolytic debromination of BDE209 applied to "artificially to soil with solvent in laboratory and field experiments (Soderstrom et al. 2004). Further, laboratory experiments with the high-BDE209 -soil showed no change in peak patterns with the lenght of UV exposure. The authors indicated soil ageing ahs been shown to encapsulate and shield contminants so they are less accessible to microbial breakdown, and also probably sunlight. The fact that the soils were plowed under was also thought to impact sunlight exposure. The authors concluded "The results with soils collected in the field show the importance of following up laboratory studies with field studies."
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Photolytic degradation of BDE209 was not observed in farm soils exposed to BDE209 by atmospheric depostion, sewage-sludge-amendment, and/or river flooding. Some of the farm soils last recieved sludge-amendment more than 20 yrs prior to measurement. No evidence of microbial degradation was observed.
- Executive summary:
Soil was collected from 3 research stations (reference plots and sewage-sludge-amended plots) and 2 farms (reference and amended/flooded soils) in Sweden. [BDE209] in background (reference) soils ranged from 0.015 -0.75 ng/g dw, except for 1 farm which was impacted by river sediment flooding was 1.9 ng/g dw. At the 3 research stations which had been amended with sewage sludge, the concentrations ranged from 0.028 -1.0 ng/g dw. One farm where sewage-sludge had been applied had [BDDE209] of 2200 ng/g dw. The other farm which was periodically flooded by the River Visken, which received effluents from textile industries, had [BDE209] of 350 ng/g dw. The farm with the highest [BDE209] had last recieved sludge application 20 yr prior to sampling. The authors concluded no evidence of photolytic breakdown of BDE209 was seen based on the chromatograms of the soils, in contrast to their previous work indicating photolytic debromination of BDE209 applied to "artificially to soil with solvent in laboratory and field experiments (Soderstrom et al. 2004). Further, laboratory experiments with the high-BDE209 -soil showed no change in peak patterns with the lenght of UV exposure. The authors indicated soil ageing ahs been shown to encapsulate and shield contminants so they are less accessible to microbial breakdown, and also probably sunlight. The fact that the soils were plowed under was also thought to impact sunlight exposure. The authors concluded "The results with soils collected in the field show the importance of following up laboratory studies with field studies."
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