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EC number: 207-954-9 | CAS number: 502-97-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2001-11-16 to 2002-02-13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 002
- Report date:
- 2002
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Glycollic acid
- EC Number:
- 201-180-5
- EC Name:
- Glycollic acid
- Cas Number:
- 79-14-1
- Molecular formula:
- C2H4O3
- IUPAC Name:
- glycol acid
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 10, 20, 40, and 75 mg/L
- Sampling method: Samples from each of the working stock, test concentrations, and blank control solutions were collected on day 0. An aliquot from each of the test concentrations and blank control solutions was taken prior to the addition of Selenastrum capricornutum. Samples from each of the test concentrations, blank control, and abiotic control solutions also
were collected on day 3. These samples were prepared by pooling all 3 replicates for each of the test and control solutions. Aliquots were taken from each of the pooled samples and given to the analytical chemist for analysis.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were analysed on the day of receipt.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method:
Preparation of AAP nutient medium: Adding 1mL of each of 6 macronutrient stock solutions and 1 mL of the micronutrient stock solution to approximately 800 mL of Milli-Q water (deionized), with mixing after addition. The volume was brought to 1 L with additional Milli-Q water. The test stock solution consisted of nominal 100 mg/L glycolic acid in 1000 mL sterilized AAP nutrient medium. The other nominal concentrations used in the test were made by respective dilutions of this stock solution.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Selenastrum sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: Selenastrum sp.
- Strain: Selenastrum capricornutum
- Method of cultivation: The organisms were cultured in sterilized 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing approximately 50 mL of filtered (= filter-sterilized) synthetic algal-assay-procedure (AAP) nutrient medium and were aseptically transferred to fresh medium every 3 to 7 days. The flasks were fitted with foam stoppers to permit gas exchange.
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- At the end of the 72-hour exposure period, a single randomly selected replicate from the blank control and an aliquot from each of the replicate flasks from each of the test concentrations exhibiting a 50% or greater inhibition of cell counts relative to the blank control (nominal 40, 75, and 100 mg/L) were selected for the recovery test.
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 24 ± 2°C
- pH:
- pH at test start:
concentration:
10 mg/L 7.39
20 mg/L 6.74
40 mg/L 5.16
75 mg/L 3.96
100 mg/L 3.70
pH at the end of exposure
10 mg/L 7.63
20 mg/L 7.55
40 mg/L 7.37
75 mg/L 7.39
100 mg/L 7.29 - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0, 10, 20, 40, 75 and 100 mg/L
Measured concentrations: 0, 7.52, 14.5, 30.3 and 54.6 mg/L, which represents 106, 102, 107 and 103% recovery of the active ingredient. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Glass, 250 mL fill volume, 50 mL solution volume
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Milli-Q water
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: Illumination: with 6000 to 10000 lux for 24h
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: The counts were conducted using a hemacytometer and a compound microscope. An aliquot of each sample was loaded into the hemacytometer and 16 grids were selected. All cells located in the 16 grids were counted and recorded as healthy or unhealthy.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 10, 20, 40, 75 and 100 mg/L
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 44 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 22.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- cell number
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The mean healthy cell count, area under the growth curve, and growth rate at the 72-hour interval for each test concentration were expressed relative to the blank control. The growth rate and the percent inhibition as well as the EC50 value and the NOEC were calculated as described previously (OECD Test Guideline 201).
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Effect of glycolic acid on growth of Selenastrum capricornutum
Treatment nominal concentration (mg/l) |
Initial cell density |
Cell density at |
||||
24 hours |
48 hours |
72hours |
||||
Cell count |
% inhibition (mean) |
|||||
Negative control |
Replicate #1 |
10,000 |
100,000 |
260,000 |
3,900,000 |
|
Replicate #2 |
10,000 |
150,000 |
720,000 |
3,920,000 |
||
Replicate #3 |
10,000 |
70,000 |
580,000 |
3,630,000 |
||
10 |
Replicate #1 |
10,000 |
70,000 |
320,000 |
3,710,000 |
2.27 |
Replicate #2 |
10,000 |
140,000 |
290,000 |
3,630,000 |
||
Replicate #3 |
10,000 |
110,000 |
460,000 |
3,850,000 |
||
20 |
Replicate #1 |
10,000 |
20,000 |
270,000 |
2,370,000 |
37.21 |
Replicate #2 |
10,000 |
20,000 |
220,000 |
2,400,000 |
||
Replicate #3 |
10,000 |
20,000 |
380,000 |
2,420,000 |
||
40 |
Replicate #1 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
30,000 |
180,000 |
94.59 |
Replicate #2 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
40,000 |
240,000 |
||
Replicate #3 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
20,000 |
200,000 |
||
75 |
Replicate #1 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
40,000 |
99.04 |
Replicate #2 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
60,000 |
30,000 |
||
Replicate #3 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
20,000 |
40,000 |
||
100 |
Replicate #1 |
10,000 |
20,000 |
10,000 |
30,000 |
99.30 |
Replicate #2 |
10,000 |
20,000 |
20,000 |
20,000 |
||
Replicate #3 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
30,000 |
In aqueous solutions glycolide significantly decreases pH. The following pH values were measured during the study:
pH at test start:
concentration:
10 mg/L 7.39
20 mg/L 6.74
40 mg/L 5.16
75 mg/L 3.96
100 mg/L 3.70
pH at the end of exposure
10 mg/L 7.63
20 mg/L 7.55
40 mg/L 7.37
75 mg/L 7.39
100 mg/L 7.29
The inhibitory effect is likely caused by the acidification of the growth medium. However, the growth inhibitory effect was reduced in the 10 and 20 mg/L incubation groups in which the pH returned to physiological values during the observation period.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The present study was conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 201, the green alga Selenastrum capriconutum was incubated with nominal concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, 75 and 100 mg/L glycolic acid (70.81%) for 72h under static conditions. Just before exposure and after 72 h exposure time the cells were counted in order to determine the growth rate. There was an inhibitory effect of glycolic acid of more than 10% in concentrations of 20 mg/L and above, thus, glycolic acid is considered to be algistatic at nominal concentrations less than or equal to 100 mg/L. The NOEC of 20 mg/L and an EC50 of 44.0 mg/L for the growth rate was determined. However, the algistatic effect is most likely caused by the strong acidification of the medium at concentrations higher than 20 mg/L. Thus, the determined EC50 and NOEC are established based on a worst case scenario.
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