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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-783-9 | CAS number: 110-61-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.55 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 18
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 26 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 45 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Based on te toxicokinetic assessment, default values of 100% are used for both oral and respiratory absorption. A standard respiratory volume of 0.38 m3/kg/day in rat (considering 8 hours exposure) and a standard respiratory volume of 6.7 m3/person for a person at rest and 10 m3/person for a worker performing light activity (for 8 hours expsoure) were considered.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value, PoD is NOAEL. There is no evidence of a steep dose-relationship, and a reliable NOAEL can be derived based on the dose range tested.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The NOAEL was derived in a subacute repeated exposure (reprotoxicity / developmental study); the extrapolation factor to the chronic exposure duration is 6
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No allometric scaling is required from an oral animal study to human inhalation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Additional assessment factors for interspecies diferences are not needed, as has been concluded in the ECETOC report (TR 110, 2010), based on a review of the scientific literature.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 3
- Justification:
- Default for workers. An assessment factor of 3 has been used to account for the intraspecies differences. This factor has been retrieved by ECETOC (TR 110, 2010). The ECETOC analysis has been based on a comparison between animal and actual human data that per se includes intraspecies variability in humans. In addition, the human population under investigation comprised cancer patients, this represents a very sensitive subpopulation.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Data from a reliable guideline study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties. The NOAEL is considered appropriate for the DNEL derivation.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.5 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 30
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 26 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 17.3 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Based on toxicokinetics assessment, default values of 100% are derived for both oral and repsiratory absorption. A standard respiratory volume of 1.15 m3/kg for rats (considering 24 hours exaposure) was used.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- PoD is NOAEL. There is no indication of a steep dose-response, and a reliable NOAEL can be derived from the dose range tested.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- The NOAEL is derived in a subacute toxicity study; the assessment factor for teh extrapolation to chronic exposure is 6.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No allometric scaling is required for the extrapolation from an oral animal study to the respiratory human exposure.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Additional assessment factors for interspecies differences are not needed, as has been concluded in ECETOC report (TR 110, 2010) based on a review of the scientific literature.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value general population. An assessment factor of 5 has to be used to account for the intraspecies differences, as has been concluded by ECETOC (TR 110, 2010) based on a review of the scientific literature. The ECETOC analysis has been based on a comparison between animal and actual human data that per se includes intraspecies variability in humans. In addition, the human population under investigation comprised cancer patients, this represents a very sensitive subpopulation.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The NOAEL is derived in a GLP compliant OECD guideline study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The NOAEL is considered appropriate for the DNEL derivation
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.13 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 26 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.