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EC number: 200-606-7 | CAS number: 65-30-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data is from peer reviewed journal
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed journal
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Remarks:
- Activated sludge collected from municipal sewage treatment plant in Downingtown (PA, USA) and wastewater treatment plant located in Winston-Salem (NC, USA).
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): Two activated sludge test systems were included. The first system was collected from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Downingtown (PA, USA) that received primarily domestic sewage and was considered to be unacclimated to test chemical. The second system was collected from a wastewater treatment plant located in Winston-Salem (NC, USA) that received wastewater from a cigarette manufacturing facility and was considered to be acclimated to test chemical.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Measuring equipment: The evolved CO2 was captured using a serial barium hydroxide trapping system in which the CO2 reacted with Ba(OH)2 to form an insoluble BaCO3 precipitate. The amount of CO2 produced was calculated indirectly by titration of the remaining hydroxide with 0.05 N standardized HCl.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Abiotic sterile control: Nonspecific production of CO2 was indicated by an abiotic sterile control that contained test chemical (10 mg C/L) and 0.01% HgCl2 but no inocula.
- Toxicity control: a toxicity control containing both test chemical (10 mg C/L) and sodium benzoate (10 mg C/L) was included to ensure the test substance was not adversely affecting the inocula.
- Other: A procedural control in which sodium benzoate (10 mg C/L) was used as the sole source of organic carbon was included to confirm the activity of the inocula. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 84.5
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 84.5 % degradation of test chemical by using unacclimated activated sludge.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 82.1
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: %degradation of test chemical by using acclimated activated sludge.
- Details on results:
- In the activated sludge test system considered to be unacclimated to nicotine, the final TCO2 results for the two flasks dosed with test chemical averaged 86.8%, and the 60% pass value was achieved within a 10-d window despite a 3-d lag in CO2 evolution. The TCO2 result for the toxicity control was 81% at day 14, with a final value of 87.3%, indicating the test substance was noninhibitory at the concentration tested (24.0 mg/L).
For the activated sludge test system acclimated to nicotine, the final TCO2 results for the two flasks dosed with test chemical averaged 82.2% and the 60% pass value was achieved within a 10-d window following a lag of approximately 1 d in CO2 evolution. The TCO2 result for the toxicity control for the acclimated test system was 58.9% at day 14 with a final value of 70.1%, indicating that 24.0 mg/L test chemical also was non-inhibitory in this test system.
Thus, based on the result, it indicates that the chemical 3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine; sulfuric acid was determined to be readily and ultimately biodegradable in both the unacclimated and acclimated activated sludge test systems. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The percentage degradation of test substance was determined to be 84.5 % degradation of test chemical by using unacclimated activated sludge and 82.1% degradation of test chemical by using acclimated activated sludge. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical was considered to be readily biodegradable in water.
- Executive summary:
Biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test) under aerobic conditions.Two activated sludge test systems were included. The first system was collected from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Downingtown (PA, USA) that received primarily domestic sewage and was considered to be unacclimated to nicotine. The second system was collected from a wastewater treatment plant located in Winston-Salem (NC, USA) that received wastewater from a cigarette manufacturing facility and was considered to be acclimated to nicotine. In this test, mineral media containing test chemical (10 mg C/L) as the nominal sole source of organic carbon were aerated in CO2-free air for 28 d. Biodegradation of test chemical over the test period was indicated by production of CO2. The evolved CO2 was captured using a serial barium hydroxide trapping system in which the CO2 reacted with Ba(OH)2 to form an insoluble BaCO3 precipitate. The amount of CO2 produced was calculated indirectly by titration of the remaining hydroxide with 0.05 N standardized HCl. A procedural control in which sodium benzoate (10 mg C/L) was used as the sole source of organic carbon was included to confirm the activity of the inocula, and a toxicity control containing both test chemical (10 mg C/L) and sodium benzoate (10 mg C/L) was included to ensure the test substance was not adversely affecting the inocula. Nonspecific production of CO2 was indicated by an abiotic sterile control that contained test chemical (10 mg C/L) and 0.01% HgCl2 but no inocula. The percentage degradation of test substance was determined to be 84.5 % degradation of test chemical by using unacclimated activated sludge and 82.1% degradation of test chemical by using acclimated activated sludge. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical was considered to be readily biodegradable in water.
Reference
Table: Biodegradation of chemical by aquatic microorganisms under aerobic conditions as indicated by the percentage of theoretical CO2 produced.
Test substance |
Test conc. (mg/l) |
Test system inopculuma |
Final pH |
Final TCO2 (%)b |
Lag (d) |
Control |
NAc |
Unacclimated
Acclimated |
6.5 6.0
6.3 6.3 |
NA NA
NA NA |
NA NA
NA NA |
Test chemical |
10 |
Unacclimated Acclimated |
5.7 5.1
5.9 5.8 |
86.8 82.2
79.6 84.5 |
3.4 ± 0.1 2.4 ± 0.1
1.3 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.2 |
Procedure controld |
10 |
Unacclimated Acclimated |
5.9 6.0 |
79.1 92.0 |
0.8 ± 0.1 0.0 ± 0.4 |
Toxicity controlc |
10 + 10 |
Unacclimated Acclimated |
5.7 6.0 |
87.3 70.1 |
1.4 ± 0.2 0.2 ± 0.3 |
ASCf |
10 (S-NHS) |
NA |
5.9 |
20.3 |
0.0 ± 1.4 |
Where,
a - Two activated sludge test systems were used as sources for inocula, which were considered as either unacclimated or acclimated to nicotine based on the source of the wastewater received by each of the treatment facilities.
b - TCO2 theoretical carbon dioxide.
c – (NA) not available.
d - Sodium benzoate was included as a procedural control to confirm activity of the inocula.
e- Toxicity control was 10 mg C/L for each of the test substance and the procedural control.
f – (ASC) abiotic sterile control (10 mg C/L S-NHS plus 0.01% HgCl2).
Table: Summary of environmental fate and effects test results.
Factors |
Description |
Value |
Aqueous CO2 evolution |
TCO2 (10 mg C/L, unacclimated) TCO2 (10 mg C/L, acclimated) TCO2 (10 mg C/L benzoate, unacclimated) |
84.5% 82.1% 79.1% |
Description of key information
The percentage degradation of test substance was determined to be 84.5 % degradation of test chemical by using unacclimated activated sludge and 82.1% degradation of test chemical by using acclimated activated sludge. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical was considered to be readily biodegradable in water.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test substance. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test) under aerobic conditions.Two activated sludge test systems were included. The first system was collected from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Downingtown (PA, USA) that received primarily domestic sewage and was considered to be unacclimated to nicotine. The second system was collected from a wastewater treatment plant located in Winston-Salem (NC, USA) that received wastewater from a cigarette manufacturing facility and was considered to be acclimated to nicotine. In this test, mineral media containing test chemical (10 mg C/L) as the nominal sole source of organic carbon were aerated in CO2-free air for 28 d. Biodegradation of test chemical over the test period was indicated by production of CO2. The evolved CO2 was captured using a serial barium hydroxide trapping system in which the CO2 reacted with Ba(OH)2 to form an insoluble BaCO3 precipitate. The amount of CO2 produced was calculated indirectly by titration of the remaining hydroxide with 0.05 N standardized HCl. A procedural control in which sodium benzoate (10 mg C/L) was used as the sole source of organic carbon was included to confirm the activity of the inocula, and a toxicity control containing both test chemical (10 mg C/L) and sodium benzoate (10 mg C/L) was included to ensure the test substance was not adversely affecting the inocula. Nonspecific production of CO2 was indicated by an abiotic sterile control that contained test chemical (10 mg C/L) and 0.01% HgCl2 but no inocula. The percentage degradation of test substance was determined to be 84.5 % degradation of test chemical by using unacclimated activated sludge and 82.1% degradation of test chemical by using acclimated activated sludge. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical was considered to be readily biodegradable in water.
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