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EC number: 268-610-1 | CAS number: 68131-13-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2012-08-13 to 2012-08-17
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study under GLP, no deficiencies
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 013
- Report date:
- 2013
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine
- EC Number:
- 268-610-1
- EC Name:
- Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine
- Cas Number:
- 68131-13-5
- Molecular formula:
- not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Napthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine
- Physical state: Liquid, brown viscous
- Analytical purity: 100 % (UVCB)
- Purity test date: 2011-05-26
- Lot/batch No.: ESD0011831
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 04/2013
- Stability under test conditions: Not specified
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature, protected from light, in original container
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0.102 - 0.256 - 0.640 - 1.60 - 4.00 - 10.0 mg/L
- Sampling method: The concentrations of the test item were analytically verified from all test concentrations and the control after 0 hours (test start) and 72 hours (test end). Samples at test start were taken directly from freshly prepared test concentrations prepared with algae, except the control and solvent control. At the end of the test, samples were taken directly from the pooled test replicates.
The sorption of the test item on glass was quantified. Separate replicates of the three highest concentration levels without algae were prepared. After sampling for test medium analysis (aqueous phase), the glassware was emptied and rinsed carefully with demineralised water to remove all test item dissolved in remaining test media. Thereafter the vessels were rinsed with 25 mL of acetonitrile containing 2 % formic acid. The concentration of the test item in this solution was measured and the adsorbed test item amount was calculated from this concentration.
Additionally sorption to the walls of the glass container was checked out of two test replicates (prepared with algae) of a concentration level close to the ErC50- and EyC50-value.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at room temperature until start of analysis.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: For each test concentration a separate stock solution was prepared in methanol (solvent) as described below:
A stock solution of 200 g/L was prepared in a measuring flask (10 mL capacity) by directly weighing of 2000 mg test item into the measuring glass flask and filling up with methanol to 10 mL thereafter.
Further stock solutions were prepared out of this stock solution by diluting with methanol. Appropriate aliquots of the stock solution of 200 g/L (as specified in the table below) were taken and pipetted directly into measuring glass flasks (5 mL capacity) and filled up to 5 mL with methanol.
The measuring glass flasks containing the stock solutions prepared with methanol were closed with a glass stopper and opened only for taking aliquots for preparation of stock solutions / test concentrations.
The test concentrations were freshly prepared at the beginning of the exposure phase (0 h) by adding 0.02 mL stock solution to 400 mL of dilution water. The test concentrations were homogenised by agitation before use.
- Eluate: Natural River water
- Differential loading: 0.102 - 0.256 - 0.640 - 1.60 - 4.00 - 10.0 mg/L
- Controls: Six replicates (without test item) were tested under the same test conditions as the test replicates.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Desmodesmus subspicatus CHODAT SAG 86.81
- Strain: SAG 86.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): SAG Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universitaet Goettingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks were prepared from Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted 35 - 70 µE x m-2 x s-1 for 24 h per day.
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Not the same, standard growth medium
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: No
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Not measured
- Test temperature:
- Mean: 22.3 °C, Min: 21.5 °C, Max: 23 °C
- pH:
- Nominal test item concentration pH-value
[mg/L] Start; 0 hours End; 72 hours
10.0 8.28 8.16
4.00 8.27 8.14
1.60 8.27 8.12
0.640 8.24 8.13
0.256 8.20 8.17
0.102 8.14 8.18
Solvent control 8.13 8.23
Control 8.10 8.33 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Not measured
- Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Please refer to "Any other information on materials and methods"
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): sealed with cotton wool plugs
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, test volume 100 mL
- Aeration: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at appr. 70 rpm
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): None
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): One application at test start
- Initial cells density: 4332 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: Mean 1057862 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): None
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
According to the guideline (OECD)
Water Parameter of the River Water
River Innerste
Location D-31157 Sarstedt-Ruthe
(Latitude 52.25°, Longitude 9.83°)
Sampling Date 2011-09-15
Weather on day of sampling Sunny, slightly cloudy, approximately 18 °C
Colour Yellowish to brownish, clear
pH 8.02
Conductivity [µS/cm] 960
NPOC [mg C/L] 3.34
Ammonium-N [mg N/L] 0.10
Nitrate-N [mg N/L] 2.50
Total nitrogen [mg N/L] 3.70
o-Phosphate-P [mg P/L] < 0.20
Total phosphate [mg P/L] 0.23
Suspended matter [mg/L] 15.6
Total hardness [mg CO3/L] 278
Composition of Dilution water (OECD)
Component Concentration [mg/L]
NH4Cl 15
MgCl2 6 H2O 12
CaCl2 2 H2O 18
MgSO4 7 H2O 15
KH2PO4 1.6
FeCl3 6 H2O 0.064
Na2EDTA 2 H2O 0.1
H3BO3 0.185
MnCl2 4 H2O 0.415
ZnCl2 3 x 10-3
Na2MoO4 2 H2O 7 x 10-3
CoCl2 6 H2O 1.5 x 10-3
CuCl2 2 H2O 1 x 10-5
NaHCO3 50
pH-value 8.1 0.2
This medium had a nominal hardness of 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 h
- Light intensity and quality: 60 - 120 µE x m-2 x s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter] Fluorimeter, via Chlorophyll-a fluorescence (excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm), cell concentrations were related to all cell density values acc. to a calibration curve.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: Yes
Results of the Range Finding Test without Methanol (0-72 h)
Nominal test item concentration
[mg/L] Growth rate inhibition [%] Yield inhibition [%]
10 94 100
1 27 76
0.1 - 1 - 7
0.01 0 - 1
Results of the Range Finding Test with Methanol (0-72 h)
Nominal test item concentration
[mg/L] Growth rate inhibition [%] Yield inhibition [%]
10 88 100
1 32 82
0.1 18 61
0.01 14 52
0.001 15 54
Solvent control
(0.1 mL methanol/L) 15 54
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI 1.33-1.69 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.51 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI 9.38-0.66 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Unusual cell shape: No
- Colour differences: No
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Aggregation of algal cells: No
- Other: No
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: The stock solution was slightly turbid. After 24 hours a concentration-related agglutination of the test item was observed in the two highest concentration levels. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50:
Rate-related inhibition: 0.540 (CI 0.528 - 0.551) mg/L
Yield Inhibition: 0.324 (CI 0.304 - 0.347) mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- NOEC/LOEC were determined by calculation of statistical significance of growth rate and yield after 72 hours. As standard One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and DUNNETT’s test were used for NOEC/LOEC calculations. When running a One Way Analysis of Variance a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. The SHAPIRO-WILK-Test was used to test for normally distributed populations. The Levene median test was used for equal variance. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance tests are 0.05. The -value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is =0.05. The normality test failed for the yield data. No eligible transformation method was found for these data.
EC10-, EC20- and EC50-values of the growth rate and yield inhibition after 72 hours were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response regression. Calculation of the confidence intervals
EC10-, EC20- and EC50-values were carried out using standard procedures.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Cell Densities
|
Nominal test item concentration |
Replicate |
Cell density [cells/mL] |
||||||
[mg/L] |
No. |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
|
|||
10.0 |
1 |
4332 |
8712 |
LOQ |
LOQ |
|
|||
2 |
4332 |
9750 |
3863 |
LOQ |
|
||||
3 |
4332 |
10697 |
5690 |
2762 |
|
||||
Mean |
4332 |
9720 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
|
||||
4.00 |
1 |
4332 |
9351 |
4998 |
2504 |
|
|||
2 |
4332 |
11084 |
6347 |
4284 |
|
||||
3 |
4332 |
10521 |
7627 |
5693 |
|
||||
Mean |
4332 |
10319 |
6324 |
4160 |
|
||||
1.60 |
1 |
4332 |
16141 |
33539 |
64552 |
|
|||
2 |
4332 |
12892 |
52321 |
56274 |
|
||||
3 |
4332 |
15242 |
35011 |
74025 |
|
||||
Mean |
4332 |
14758 |
40290 |
64950 |
|
||||
0.640 |
1 |
4332 |
19031 |
90272 |
241729 |
|
|||
2 |
4332 |
23073 |
96310 |
229161 |
|
||||
3 |
4332 |
19585 |
100613 |
274298 |
|
||||
Mean |
4332 |
20563 |
95732 |
248396 |
|
||||
0.256 |
1 |
4332 |
19645 |
145378 |
675399 |
|
|||
2 |
4332 |
20236 |
137585 |
712447 |
|
||||
3 |
4332 |
19082 |
134189 |
738299 |
|
||||
Mean |
4332 |
19654 |
139051 |
708715 |
|
||||
0.102 |
1 |
4332 |
17616 |
157109 |
825793 |
|
|||
2 |
4332 |
22610 |
159764 |
826233 |
|
||||
3 |
4332 |
21016 |
159745 |
800947 |
|
||||
Mean |
4332 |
20414 |
158873 |
817658 |
|
||||
Solvent control |
1 |
4332 |
21333 |
152562 |
747105 |
|
|||
2 |
4332 |
19157 |
158921 |
824472 |
|
||||
3 |
4332 |
17188 |
150209 |
745312 |
|
||||
4 |
4332 |
22060 |
155380 |
752514 |
|
||||
5 |
4332 |
18729 |
128421 |
602750 |
|
||||
6 |
4332 |
21063 |
136321 |
780411 |
|
||||
Mean |
4332 |
19922 |
146969 |
742094 |
|
||||
Control |
1 |
4332 |
17638 |
157946 |
1017135 |
|
|||
2 |
4332 |
18500 |
148284 |
1058083 |
|
||||
3 |
4332 |
18971 |
169343 |
960902 |
|
||||
4 |
4332 |
18182 |
154103 |
1076449 |
|
||||
5 |
4332 |
16842 |
166362 |
1113843 |
|
||||
6 |
4332 |
21733 |
185049 |
1120762 |
|
||||
Mean |
4332 |
18644 |
163515 |
1057862 |
|
Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to
control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).
Nominal test item concentration |
Replicate |
Growth rate |
Rate-related inhibition |
Yield |
Inhibition of yield |
||
[mg/L] |
No. |
[d-1] |
[%] |
[cells/mL] |
[%] |
||
10.0 |
1 |
n.a. |
100 |
n.a. |
100 |
||
2 |
n.a. |
100 |
n.a. |
100 |
|||
3 |
-0.150 |
100 |
-1570 |
100 |
|||
Mean |
(+) |
n.a. |
100 |
(+) |
n.a. |
100 |
|
4.00 |
1 |
-0.183 |
100 |
-1828 |
100 |
||
2 |
-0.004 |
100 |
-48 |
100 |
|||
3 |
0.091 |
94.7 |
1361 |
99.8 |
|||
Mean |
(+) |
-0.032 |
98.2 |
(+) |
-172 |
99.9 |
|
1.60 |
1 |
0.900 |
47.4 |
60220 |
91.8 |
||
2 |
0.855 |
50.1 |
51942 |
93.0 |
|||
3 |
0.946 |
44.8 |
69693 |
90.6 |
|||
Mean |
(+) |
0.900 |
47.4 |
(+) |
60618 |
91.8 |
|
0.640 |
1 |
1.34 |
21.7 |
237397 |
67.8 |
||
2 |
1.32 |
22.8 |
224829 |
69.5 |
|||
3 |
1.38 |
19.3 |
269966 |
63.4 |
|||
Mean |
(+) |
1.35 |
21.3 |
(+) |
244064 |
66.9 |
|
0.256 |
1 |
1.68 |
1.74 |
671067 |
9.04 |
||
2 |
1.70 |
0.70 |
708115 |
4.02 |
|||
3 |
1.71 |
0.01 |
733967 |
0.51 |
|||
Mean |
(-) |
1.70 |
0.82 |
(-) |
704383 |
4.52 |
|
0.102 |
1 |
1.75 |
-2.17 |
821461 |
-11.3 |
||
2 |
1.75 |
-2.18 |
821901 |
-11.4 |
|||
3 |
1.74 |
-1.57 |
796615 |
-7.98 |
|||
Mean |
(-) |
1.75 |
-1.97 |
(-) |
813326 |
-10.2 |
|
Solvent control |
1 |
1.72 |
742773 |
||||
2 |
1.75 |
820140 |
|||||
3 |
1.72 |
740980 |
|||||
4 |
1.72 |
748182 |
|||||
5 |
1.65 |
598418 |
|||||
6 |
1.73 |
776079 |
|||||
Mean |
1.71 |
737762 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine was found to inhibit the growth of the freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus after 72 hours. The NOEC-values for the inhibition of the growth rate and the inhibition of yield after 72 hours, were 0.256 mg/L for both endpoints. The LOEC-values for inhibition of specific growth rate and inhibition of yield after 72 hours, were 0.640 mg/L for both endpoints. The EC50-values for inhibition of specific growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) with 95 % Confidence Intervals after 72 hours were 1.50 (1.33 – 1.69) and 0.511 (0.485 – 0.537) mg/L, respectively.
All effect levels are given based on nominal concentrations of Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine. - Executive summary:
The toxicity of Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine (batch number: ESD0011831)to the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 at Dr.U.Noack-Laboratorienin 31157 Sarstedt, Germany from 2012-08-13 to 2012-08-17. The aim of the study was to assess the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 4332 cells/mL. Based on a preliminary test 6 concentration levels were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of 2.5: 0.102 - 0.256 - 0.640 - 1.60 - 4.00 - 10.0 mg/L using methanol as solvent. Therefore, a solvent control containing dilution water spiked with 0.05 mL MeOH/L was tested additionally. Three replicates were tested for each test item concentration and six replicates for the solvent control and the control. Environmental conditions were determined to be within the acceptable limits.
The concentrations of Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriaminewere analytically verified by LC-MS/MS at test start and test end of all test concentrations and the control groups. Four precursor ions representative for the present mass ranges were chosen for the analysis. The measured concentrations for Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine in freshly prepared media were in the range of 68 – 102 % of the nominal values. In the old media the test item gave recoveries of 60 – 101 % of the nominal values. Adsorption of the test item to the test vessels after 72 h of exposure was determined from the test concentrations framing the EC50 at the test concentration levels of 0.640 and 1.60 mg/L of test vessels with algae and 1.60, 4.00 and 10.0 mg/L in separate replicates without algae. The adsorbed amount of the test item in vessels without algae was in the range of 16 to 21 % of the applied amount, in vessels with algae at 4 – 7 %.
The test item Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine potentially sorbs to organic and inorganic materials by different mechanisms. The sorption processes are mostly non-linear, means are concentration dependent. Due to these properties the test item is difficult to test in synthetic water (e.g. sorption to the test organisms and glass walls of the test vessels) and results from such tests depend from the test settings applied. Using natural river water which contains particulate as well as dissolved organic carbon to which the test item can sorb partially reduces the difficulties encountered in tests with synthetic water (e.g. preventing that the test item settles onto surfaces). The sorbed fraction of the test item is difficult to extract from the test system which normally leads to low analytical recoveries. Due to the short exposure period these low recoveries cannot be associated to biodegradation. This means the test substance is present in the test system and therefore available for exposure (dissolved in water and sorbed also called bulk). This so called Bulk Approach is described by ECETOC (2003). Due to the properties of the test item nominal concentrations were used instead of measured ones (see Table 1).
NOEC, LOEC, EC - values and 95 % Confidence Intervals of
Naphthenic acids, reaction products with diethylenetriamine (0-72 hours)based on nominal test item concentrations [mg/L]
Growth Rate Inhibition
NOEC
0.256
LOEC
0.640
ErC10
0.506 (0.376 – 0.661)
ErC20
0.754 (0.613 – 0.907)
ErC50
1.50 (1.33 – 1.69)
Inhibition of Yield
NOEC
0.256
LOEC
0.640
EyC10
0.284 (0.262 – 0.307)
EyC20
0.339 (0.316 – 0.362)
EyC50
0.511 (0.485 – 0.537)
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