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EC number: 234-724-5 | CAS number: 12027-70-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Justification for type of information:
- read across to Sn compound with the same oxidation sztate and stability
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- short-term toxicity studies on some salts and oxides of tin in rats
- Author:
- de Groot
- Year:
- 1 973
- Bibliographic source:
- Fd. Comsmet. Toxicol Vol. 11, pp, 19-30
- Report date:
- 1972
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 407 (Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- Version / remarks:
- pre-guideline studiy similar the later OECD 408
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- SNO2 was fed to groups of ten male and ten female rats at dietary levels of 0 (control), 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 and 1.00 % for 90 days.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- pre-glp
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tin dioxide
- EC Number:
- 242-159-0
- EC Name:
- Tin dioxide
- Cas Number:
- 18282-10-5
- Molecular formula:
- O2Sn
- Test material form:
- solid: crystalline
- Details on test material:
- -
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- cat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Male and female weanling rats from the Institute's Wistar-derived colony were housed in groups of five in stainless steel cages with screen bottoms. The diet used for both control and treated groups was the Institute's stock diet, with the following percentage composition: soyabean-oil meal, 10; fish meal, 8; meat scraps, 4; dried whey, 2; yellow maize, 29.05; wheat, 36; grass meal, 3; brewer's yeast, 3, complete B-vitamin mixture, 0.1; vitamin-ADEK preparation, 0.6; bone meal, 0.75; trace mineral salt, 0.5; soyabean oil, 3. This diet was found to contain calcium (0.98 %), phosphorus (0.80 %), iron (205 ppm), copper (23 ppm), manganese (85 ppm) and zinc (38 ppm). Test diets were prepared by blending the stock diet and the tin compouds in a Stephan cutter. Diets and tap water were provided ad lib
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Details on route of administration:
- 0.0 (control), 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 and 1.00 % for 90 days.
- Vehicle:
- other: in diet
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 wks
- Frequency of treatment:
- with diet
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0 other: % in diet
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.03 other: % in diet
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.1 other: % in diet
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.3 other: % in diet
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 other: % in diet
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Details on study design:
- Two tin compounds, stannous oxide and stannous chloride were examined in 13-wk feeding studies. Each of these compounds was fed to groups of ten male and ten female rats at dietary levels of 0.0 (control), 0.03, 0.10, 0.30 and 1.00 % for 90 days. Individual body weights were recorded weekly. The food intake of each group was measured at weekly intervals up to wk 4 and in wk 11-12. Haematological studies were carried out at wk 12 and provided measurements of haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit value, counts of red blood cells and total and differential counts of white blood cells. Additional haematological observations were made in the study on tin chloride. These consisted of haemoglobin readings at wk 2, 4, 6 and 9, and terminal determinations of haptoglobin concentration, numbers of reticulocytes and the osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes. Serum activities of glutamic-oxalacetic and glutamic--pyruvic transaminases and of alkaline phosphatase were determined terminally in both experiments. Bilirubin concentrations were measured terminally only in the study with tin chloride.
Urine examinations, including appearance, pH, glucose, protein, occult blood, ketones and microscopy of the sediment were conducted upon pooled samples from each group in wk 13.
The rats fed the highest level of tin chloride were sacrificed after 8 wk because of poor condition and high mortality. Organs and tissues were fixed in buffered formalin. In wk 14, the remaining rats were killed by decapitation and examined for gross changes. The heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, brain, gonads, thymus, thyroid and adrenals were weighed and paraffin-wax sections of these and a wide range of other organs were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Detailed microscopic examinations were performed on all rats fed 1% tin oxide, on those fed the two highest levels of tin chloride and on the controls. In the rats fed the intermediate levels of tin chloride, only the liver, kidneys and stomach were examined. - Positive control:
- no
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- Individual body weights were recorded weekly. The food intake of each group was measured at weekly intervals up to wk 4 and in wk 11-12. Haematological studies were carried out at wk 12 and provided measurements of haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit value, counts of red blood cells and total and differential counts of white blood cells. Additional haematological observations were made in the study on tin chloride. These consisted of haemoglobin readings at wk 2, 4, 6 and 9, and terminal determinations of haptoglobin concentration, numbers of reticulocytes and the osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes. Serum activities of glutamic-oxalacetic and glutamic--pyruvic transaminases and of alkaline phosphatase were determined terminally in both experiments. Bilirubin concentrations were measured terminally only in the study with tin chloride.
Urine examinations, including appearance, pH, glucose, protein, occult blood, ketones and microscopy of the sediment were conducted upon pooled samples from each group in wk 13. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- The rats fed the highest level of tin chloride were sacrificed after 8 wk because of poor condition and high mortality. Organs and tissues were fixed in buffered formalin. In wk 14, the remaining rats were killed by decapitation and examined for gross changes. The heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, brain, gonads, thymus, thyroid and adrenals were weighed and paraffin-wax sections of these and a wide range of other organs were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Detailed microscopic examinations were performed on all rats fed 1 % tin oxide, on those fed the two highest levels of tin chloride and on the controls. In the rats fed the intermediate levels of tin chloride, only the liver, kidneys and stomach were examined.
- Other examinations:
- .a.
- Statistics:
- n.a.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Food efficiency:
- no effects observed
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- no effects observed
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- no effects observed
- Urinalysis findings:
- no effects observed
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- no effects observed
- Immunological findings:
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Neuropathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Other effects:
- no effects observed
- Details on results:
- no effects in stannix oxide groups reported
Effect levels
- Key result
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- > 100 000 ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects
Target system / organ toxicity
- Key result
- Critical effects observed:
- no
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- NOAEL for Sn= = 100000 ppm
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