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EC number: 203-921-8 | CAS number: 111-92-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Irritation/corrosion:
- skin corrosion: Cat. 1B
- eye damage: Cat 1
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BASF-Test: Corrosion-Test (3 min and 1 hour exposure); 2 animals were treated for 3 minute and 2 other animals for 1 hour using occlusive conditions. An application site of 2 x 2 cm was covered with the liquid test substance (0.5 ml). After the application time, the skin was washed with lutrol (conc.) or Lutrol/water (1:1). The animals were observerd for 8 days and skin changes were recorded daily.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- Vienna White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Gaukler M., Offenbach, Germany
- Weight at study initiation: 1 hour-test: 3.2 kg (mean); 3 minute-test: 2.8 kg (mean)
- Diet: Sniff standard diet for rabbits and guinea pigs, supplied by INTERMAST GmbH, Soest, Germany, ad libitum
- Water ad libitum - Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: Untreated skin site of the same animals served as control.
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 ml - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 min, 1 hour
- Observation period:
- 8 days
- Number of animals:
- 1 male and 1 female
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2 x 2 cm
- Type of wrap if used: rubberized linen
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): the test substance was removed at the end of the exposure period with Lutrol and Lutrol/water (1:1)
- Time after start of exposure: 3 minutes, 1 hour - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- , 3 min exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h - 48 h - 72 h
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- , 1 h expsoure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h - 48 h - 72 h
- Score:
- 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- , 3 min exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h - 48 h - 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- , 1 h exposure
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h - 48 h - 72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1B (corrosive) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- 3 min and 1 h exposure caused severe erythema and slight to moderate edema. After 24 h necrosis was observed. At the end of the observation period of 8 days leathery necrosis was observed. Leathery like necrosis is considered as a full thickness necrosis.
- Executive summary:
In a skin irritation study, Vienna White rabbits were treated with the undiluted test substance. 2 animals were treated for 3 minutes and 2 other animals for 1 hour using occlusive conditions. An application site of 2 x 2 cm was covered with the liquid test substance (0.5 ml). After the application time, the skin was washed with lutrol (conc.) or Lutrol/water (1:1). The animals were observerd for 8 days and skin changes were recorded daily. 3 minutes as well as 1 hour of exposure caused severe erythema and slight to moderate edema. After 24 h necrosis was observed. At the end of the observation period of 8 days full thickness necrosis was observed.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable report which meets basic scientific principles.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 0.5 ml of the sample was applied to one intact and one abraded skin site under standard gauze patches on each of three albino rabbits. The entire hair-clipped trunk of each animal was then covered with an impervious sleeve for a skin-contact period of 24 h. The animals were observed for seven days after treatment.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 ml - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 h
- Observation period:
- 7 days
- Number of animals:
- 3
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1B (corrosive) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The test substance was applied to the skin of three albino rabbits for 24 h. The sample spread beyond the intended sites of contact and caused pain in every instance. The skin turned brown within 15 min. 24 h after initial contact, all treated sites consisted of large (4 cm) necrotic lesions. These become dry, hard and concave within 48 h. Subsequently they began to crack and peel, exposing raw tissue.
- Executive summary:
0.5 ml of the sample was applied to one intact and one abraded skin site under standard gauze patches on each of three albino rabbits. The entire hair-clipped trunk of each animal was then covered with an impervious sleeve for a skin-contact period of 24 h. The animals were observed for seven days after treatment.
The sample spread beyond the intended sites of contact and caused pain in every instance. The skin turned brown within 15 min. 24 h after initial contact, all treated sites consisted of large (4 cm) necrotic lesions. These become dry, hard and concave within 48 h. Subsequently they began to crack and peel, exposing raw tissue.
Referenceopen allclose all
Mean erythema score after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (animal1/2):
Exposure time | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | mean | ||
3 min | 4/4 | 4/4 | 4/4 | 4/4 | ||
1 h | 4/4 | 4/4 | 4/4 | 4/4 |
Mean edema score after after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (animal1/2):
Exposure time | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | mean | ||
3 min | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | ||
1 h | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
The 3 min and 1 h exposure caused severe erythema and slight to moderate edema. After 24 h necrosis was observed. At the end of the observation period of 8 days leathery necrosis was observed. Leathery like necrosis is considered as a full thickness necrosis.
The sample spread beyond the intended sites of contact and caused pain in every instance. The skin turned brown within 15 min. 24 h after initial contact, all treated sites consisted of large (4 cm) necrotic lesions. These become dry, hard and concave within 48 h. Subsequently they began to crack and peel, exposing raw tissue.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (corrosive)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 ml - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- no data
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 7 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 4
- Details on study design:
- not rinsed
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 2.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- >= 0.8 - <= 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 2.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 8 days
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- 4 rabbits were treated with 0.1 ml of the unchanged test substance (without rinsing) and observed for 7 days. The test substance produced severe ocular irritation which persisted through Day 7 in two of the four animals.
- Executive summary:
4 rabbits were treated with 0.1 ml of the unchanged test substance (without rinsing) and observed for 7 days.
The test substance produced severe ocular irritation which persisted through Day 7 in two of the four animals. Responses seen at 24 hours included severe conjunctival irritation (redness, chemosis, discharge, necrosis), iridial changes or iritis and corneal opacity, stippling and ulceration and corneal bulging (indicative of increased intraocular pressure). By Day 7, two of the four animals still exhibited conjunctival irritation, iridial changes and corneal opacity, stippling and/or ulceration, corneal bulging and pannus (neovascilarization of the corneal surface). The other two animals exhibited only slight conjunctival irritation and/or iridial changes and stippling which were reversible after 7 d.
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data only given as summary tables but acceptable for assessment.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Eye injury in rabbits is recorded in a 10-grade ordinal series and is based upon the degree of corneal necrosis that results from instillation of various volumes and concentrations of chemical, as detailed by Carpenter and Smyth. Grade 1 in the Table indicates at most a very small area of necrosis resulting from 0.5 ml of undiluted chemical in the eye. Grade 5 indicates a so-called severe burn from 0.005 ml, and Grade 10 indicates a severe burn from 0.5 ml of a 1% solution in water or propylene glycol.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: albino
- Vehicle:
- other: propylene glycol or water
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Concentration: 1 % active substance
Amount applied: 0.5 ml - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 hour(s)
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 24 hours
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 5
- Details on study design:
- not rinsed
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Rabbits were treated with the test substance for 24h. Result shows an injury grade of 9 after 24h of application. This corresponds to corrosiveness (62 - 87 % of cornea with necrosis). Ranking system not quite evaluable as to current standards, but strong effect reflects "corrosiveness".
- Executive summary:
5 albino rabbits were treated with 0.5 mL of 1% active test substance in the vehicles propylene glycol or water (without rinsing) for a treatment and observation period of 24h. Eye injury in rabbits is recorded in a 10-grade ordinal series and is based upon the degree of corneal necrosis that results from instillation of various volumes and concentrations of chemical, as detailed by Carpenter and Smyth. Grade 1 in the Table indicates at most a very small area of necrosis resulting from 0.5 ml of undiluted chemical in the eye. Grade 5 indicates a so-called severe burn from 0.005 ml, and Grade 10 indicates a severe burn from 0.5 ml of a 1% solution in water or propylene glycol. Result shows an injury grade of 9 after 24h of application. This corresponds to corrosiveness (62 - 87 % of cornea with necrosis). Ranking system not quite evaluable as to current standards, but strong effect reflects "corrosiveness".
Referenceopen allclose all
The test substance produced severe ocular irritation which persisted through Day 7 in two of the four animals. Responses seen at 24 hours included severe conjunctival irritation (redness, chemosis, discharge, necrosis), iridial changes or iritis and corneal opacity, stippling and ulceration and corneal bulging (indicative of increased intraocular pressure). By Day 7, two of the four animals still exhibited conjunctival irritation, iridial changes and corneal opacity, stippling and/or ulceration, corneal bulging and pannus (neovascilarization of the corneal surface). The other two animals exhibited only slight conjunctival irritation and/or iridial changes and stippling which were reversible after 7 d.
Injury grade 9 on a 10-grade scale 24 h after application: corresponds to corrosiveness (62 - 87 % of cornea with necrosis).
Ranking system not quite evaluable as to current standards, but strong effect reflects "corrosiveness".
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation:
In a primary skin irritation study with the undiluted test material a 3 min and 1 h exposure caused severe erythema and slight to moderate edema. After 24 h necrosis was observed. At the end of the observation period of 8 days full thickness necrosis was observed (1978; K2). Corrosive effects to skin were also found in two other studies where only limited data is provided (1954; K2; 1976; K2). In two studies according to Draize, a single 4 h dermal application of 0.5 ml of the compound was made on clipped intact skin sites on the backs of albino rabbits (1973; 1975; K2). After 4 h severe erythema, edema and necrosis persisting through 72 h were observed. Furthermore, a Corrositex Biobarrier Membrane was used to determine the skin irritation / corrosion potential of the test substance in vitro. Results show that the test substance belong to the packing group III (effetcts after 1 -4 hours) (1993; K2). Due to the precautional principle, the test substance in classified as skin corrosive Cat. 1B.
Eye irritation:
0.1 ml of the test substance produced severe ocular irritation which persisted through Day 7 in two of the four animals (1985; K2). Responses seen at 24 hours included severe conjunctival irritation (redness, chemosis, discharge, necrosis), iridial changes or iritis and corneal opacity, stippling and ulceration and corneal bulging (indicative of increased intraocular pressure). By Day 7, two of the four animals still exhibited conjunctival irritation, iridial changes and corneal opacity, stippling and/or ulceration, corneal bulging and neovascularization of the corneal surface. The other two animals exhibited only slight conjunctival irritation and/or iridial changes and stippling which were reversible after 7 d. In a second study 100 µl was placed in the conjunctival sacs of both eyes of each of three albino rabbits (1976; K2). One eye of each animal was washed with flowing water initiated 15 seconds after instillation and continued for a period of one minute. The contralateral eye remained unwashed. Reactions in washed and unwashed eyes were identical. Severe conjunctival inflammation together with mild iridal congestion developed promptly (in one animal mild corneal clouding, score 2, appeared in both eyes four days after treatment). A publication confirmed these effects (1954; K2). Due to the precautional principle, the test substance in classified as eye damaging Cat. 1.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation 1272/2008. The test substance is considered to be classified for skin corrosion Cat. 1B amd for eye damage Cat. 1 under Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, as amended for the thirteenth time in Regulation (EC) No 2018/1480.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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