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EC number: 236-743-4 | CAS number: 13472-45-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008-09-25 to: 2009-03-13
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Well documented, scientifically sound study conducted in accordance to GLP and OECD guideline 203 with no deviation to the protocol.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
no data - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0 (control), 13, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L; A volume of 10 mL was collected from each control and test substance replicate at 0 and 96 hours and transferred to a culture tube.
- Sampling method: 0.05 mL aliquot of each sample was taken, diluted if necessary with 2% HNO3, capped and shaken to mix.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Room temperature - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: 7.5075 g of sodium tungstate dihydrate was added to a 21-L glass jar and bringing the jar to a volume of 15,000 mL with blended freshwater. Appropriate aliquots of the primary standard were diluted with 15 L of dilution water to prepare final test concentrations of 13, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg total product/L. The control solution consisted only of dilution water. - Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebrafish
- Source: Osage Catfisheries, Osage Beach, Missouri
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Not specified
- Length at study termination (length definition, mean, range and SD): 28-31 mm; mean 30 ± 1.2 mm (Controls only)
- Weight at study termination (mean and range, SD): 0.194-0.408 g; mean 0.276 ± 0.0664 g (Controls only)
- Feeding during test
- Frequency: Not fed during test, or one day prior
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 5 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Temperature adjusted for test
- Type and amount of food: Salmon starter, flake food, and brine shrimp
- Feeding frequency: Daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality observed in 14 days prior to testing. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- 140 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 23 ± 1 degrees C
- pH:
- 8.0-8.3 SU
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.7-8.3 mg/L (82 to 101% sat)
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal- 0 (control), 13, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L.
Mean calculated-- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 21 L glass jars, covered with plastic Petri dishes; 15 L test solution.
- Aeration: None
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 0.18 g fish tissue/L test solution
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Moderately hard freshwater made with naturally hard well water blended with well water demineralized by reverse osmosis, total hardness of 130-160 mg/L CaCO, passed through a sediment filter prior to use.
- Metals: B-0.415 mg/L, Ca-83.1 mg/L, Mg- 33.1 mg/L, K-7.93 mg/L, Na-32.2 mg/L; all others below DL.
- Pesticides: Below DL
- Alkalinity: 150 mg/L CaCO3
- Conductivity: 328 uS
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Daily
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: None
- Photoperiod: 16h light/ 8h dark, with 30 min simulated dawn and dusk periods
- Light intensity: 542 lux at initiation of the definitive test as measured with a LI COR Model LI-189 light meter equipped with a photometric sensor.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality, 24h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2x
- Range finding study: Other studies indicated a low potential for toxicity to aquatic organisms; Therefore, a range finding study was not performed. Definitive testing was performed at a level that exceeds the guideline-required maximum, 100 mg/L for this test.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: No mortality in any control or test solution
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 181 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- based on mean calculated concentrations of sodium tungstate
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: No mortality in any control or test solution
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lack of mortality and sublethal effects
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 181 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- based on mean calculated concentrations of sodium tungstate
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lack of mortality and sublethal effects
- Details on results:
- Biological Results:
After 96 hours of exposure, there was no mortality in the 0 (control) or any of the test substance treatments. There were no sublethal observations during the exposure. The estimated 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-hour LC50 values for zebrafish exposed to sodium tungstate dihydrate were >200 mg/L, the highest concentration tested. Since there was no partial response, the 96-hour slope of the concentrations-response line could not be calculated from the probit analysis. The 96 hour no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was 200 mg/L based on the lack of mortality and sublethal effects atthis and lower test substance concentrations.- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Estimates of LC50 values and their 95% confidence limits were calculated using the probit method and Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. When the p value for Goodness of Fit was >0.05 and there was no other evidence of questionable convergence, the probit method was selected for reporting. When this criterion was not achieved, the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method was selected for reporting. The no observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was determined based on the absence of any mortality or sublethal effects.
- Conclusions:
- Based on nominal concentrations, the estimated 96 hour LC50 value for zebrafish exposed to sodium tungstate dihydrate was >200 mg/L, the highest concentration tested. The 96 hour slope of the concentrations-response line could not be calculated. The 96-hour no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was 200 mg/L, based on the lack of mortality and sublethal effects at this and the lower concentrations.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Guideline study. No analytical confirmation of test concentrations. Few details regarding test solution preparation.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 204 (Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-day Study)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- N/A
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Poecilia reticulata
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Guppy
- Strain: No data
- Source: Ward's Natural Science
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): > 4 weeks
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): No data
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): No data
- Method of breeding: purchased
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Tetra Min flakes
- Amount: No data
- Frequency: Not fed during 96 h test, twice daily during 14 day test.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 4 weeks
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: Tetra Min flakes, ad libitum
- Feeding frequency: twice daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): No mortality 7 days prior to the experiment - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- 96 h test, followed by up to 14 day test with fish that survived the 96 hour one.
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 23.5 +/- 0.3 deg C
- pH:
- 7.43-8.1 SU
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 3.7-5.49 mg/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal- Control, 0.75, 1.5, 2.5, 3.75, 5.0, 7.5, and 9.0 g/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Plastic 8 L aquaria
- Aeration: none
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): semi-static
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Initial at 96 hours and then fish placed in entirely new aquaria with fresh solution every 4 days.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): N/A
- Biomass loading rate: average 0.37 g/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Local tap water, aged and aerated 3 days before use
- Total organic carbon: No data
- Particulate matter: No data
- Metals: No data
- Pesticides: No data
- Chlorine: No data
- Alkalinity: N/A
- Ca/mg ratio: No data
- Conductivity: 0.399-5.29 mS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: No data
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No data
- Photoperiod: No data
- Light intensity: No data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality, 24 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: N/A
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: not specified
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.71 g/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.06 other: g W/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: tungsten concentration
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.54 g/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.86 other: g W/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: tungsten concentration
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: Fish exposed to test substance were slower, and remained predominantly at the bottom of the tank, as compared to controls
- Observations on body length and weight: No data
- Other biological observations: No data
- Mortality of control: No data
- Other adverse effects control: No data
- Abnormal responses: No data
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No data
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No data - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- N/A
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- LC50 values and confidence intervals were calculated individually for each exposure period with the Probit Analysis .Program version 1.5. NOEC and LOEC values were evaluated using ANOVA and one-sided Dunnett's test, Version 1.5. The 5% statistical significance level was accepted for statistical results.
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Additional results:
-Wet weight BCF for the test substance was calculated as 0.29 +/- 0.94 L/kg
-Dry weight BCF for the test substance was calculated as 1.57 +/- 0.5 L/kg
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 96 hour LC50 of sodium tungstate to P.reticulata was found to be 3.71 g sodium tungstate/L. The 14 day LC50 was found to be 1.54 g sodium tungstate/L. Confidence intervals were not presented in g/L. The dry weight bioconcentration factor was calculated as 1.57 +/- 0.5 L/kg.
- Executive summary:
N/A
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The 96-hr LC50 for Danio rerio found in a test conducted according to OECD 203, under GLP standards, and with analytical verification of the test concentrations was >181 mg sodium tungstate/L. This finding was supported by another test conducted with similar methodology, which found a 96-hr LC50 of 3.71 g sodium tungstate/L for Poecilia reticulata.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 3.71 g/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.