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EC number: 231-162-2 | CAS number: 7440-54-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Flammability
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- flammable solids
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 January 2017 to 26 January 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Test N.1 (Test method for readily combustible solids)
- Version / remarks:
- 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Batch No.of test material: 16-9362
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 07 November 2017
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature, under nitrogen in the dark - Key result
- Test procedure:
- burning rate test: preliminary screening test
- Burning time:
- 77 s
- Key result
- Test procedure:
- burning rate test over 100 mm length
- Burning time:
- 43 s
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (flammable solids) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the test material is classified as category 1 in accordance with EU criteria.
- Executive summary:
The flammability of the test material was determined in accordance with the standardised guideline UN Method N.1 using the burning rate test under GLP conditions.
For the preliminary screening test a mould was loosely filled with test material, a non-combustible, non-porous board was placed onto the mould which was then inverted. The mould was removed and an air-rich Bunsen burner flame applied to one end of the pile. The test material burned with an orange glow which emitted orange, yellow and white sparks. The time taken to propagate over 200 mm was 1 minute 17 seconds.
For the burning rate test, a mould was loosely filled with test material. The mould was dropped three times from a height of approximately 2 cm onto a solid surface. A non-combustible, non-porous board was placed on top of the mould which was then inverted. The mould was removed and an air-rich Bunsen burner flame used to ignite the pile. The test material burned with an orange glow which emitted yellow and white sparks. The time taken to propagate over 100 mm was 43 seconds.
Under the conditions of this study, the test material is classified as category 1 in accordance with EU criteria.
- Endpoint:
- substances / mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 January 2017 to 26 January 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.12 (Flammability (Contact with Water))
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Batch No.of test material: 16-9362
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 07 November 2017
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
-Storage conditions: Room temperature, under nitrogen in the dark - Test procedure:
- step 1
- Identity of evolved gas:
- not applicable as no gas evolved
- Remarks on result:
- no reaction with water observed
- Test procedure:
- step 2
- Identity of evolved gas:
- not applicable as no gas evolved
- Remarks on result:
- no reaction with water observed
- Test procedure:
- step 3
- Identity of evolved gas:
- not applicable as no gas evolved
- Remarks on result:
- no reaction with water observed
- Test procedure:
- step 4
- Identity of evolved gas:
- not applicable as no gas evolved
- Remarks on result:
- no reaction with water observed
- Interpretation of results:
- other: Not hazardous in accordance with EU criteria
- Conclusions:
- The test material has been determined to be non-hazardous as no gases were evolved in any of the four steps.
- Executive summary:
The flammability of the test material in contact with water was determined in accordance with the standardised guideline EU Method A.12 under GLP conditions.
For step 1, the test material was transferred to a trough containing high quality water. The test material was observed over a 3 minute period and a record made of any evolution of gas. No signs of gas evolution or spontaneous ignition.
For step 2, the test material was transferred to the centre of a filter paper which was floating on high quality water. The test material was observed over a 3 minute period and a record made of any evolution of gas. No signs of gas evolution or spontaneous ignition.
For step 3, a pile of the test material was formed and an indentation made in the top. A few drops of high quality water were added to the indentation. The test material was observed over a 3 minute period and a record made of any evolution of gas. No signs of gas evolution or spontaneous ignition.
For step 4, 10 g of test material was placed into a conical flask, high quality water was released from the dropping funnel into the flask and any gas evolved collected in a gas-tight syringe. The rate of evolution was recorded at hourly intervals over a 7 hour period. The test was performed at atmospheric pressure, in triplicate. No gas evolved.
Under the conditions of this study the test material has been determined to be non-hazardous as no gases were evolved in any of the four steps.
- Endpoint:
- pyrophoric solids
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied
- Justification for type of information:
- JUSTIFICATION FOR DATA WAIVING
In accordance with point 1 of Annex XI, it is considered justified to omit the testing for pyrophoric properties. Testing does not appear scientifically necessary as experience in use and experience of handling the substance indicates that it does not possess pyrophoric properties.
Referenceopen allclose all
Preliminary screening test
The test material burned with an orange glow which emitted orange, yellow and white sparks. The time taken to propagate over 200 mm was 1 minute 17 seconds.
Burning rate test
The test material burned with an orange glow which emitted yellow and white sparks. The time taken to propagate over 100 mm was 43 seconds.
Due to the burning time achieved no further testing was required.
Description of key information
Flammable solids (Powder)
Under the conditions of this study, the test material is classified as category 1 in accordance with EU criteria.
Flammable solids (Massive)
Under the conditions of this study, the test material is not classified as flammable solid in accordance with EU criteria.
Flammability in contact with water
Under the conditions of this study the test material has been determined to be non-hazardous as no gases were evolved in any of the four steps.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Flammability:
- flammable
Additional information
Flammable solids
Two studies are availabe to determine the flammability (solids) of the test substance. The first study (Study 1) was conducted with gadolinium metal powder in accordance with the standardised guideline UN Method N.1 using the burning rate test under GLP conditions. This study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
The second study was conducted on the substance in massive (lumpy) form in accordance with the standardised guideline UN Method N.1 using the burning rate test under GLP similar conditions. This study was awarded a reliability score of 2 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
Study 1:
For the preliminary screening test a mould was loosely filled with test material, a non-combustible, non-porous board was placed onto the mould which was then inverted. The mould was removed and an air-rich Bunsen burner flame applied to one end of the pile. The test material burned with an orange glow which emitted orange, yellow and white sparks. The time taken to propagate over 200mm was 1 minute 17 seconds.
For the burning rate test, a mould was loosely filled with test material. The mould was dropped three times from a height of approximately 2 cm onto a solid surface. A non-combustible, non-porous board was placed on top of the mould which was then inverted. The mould was removed and an air-rich Bunsen burner flame used to ignite the pile.The test material burned with an orange glow which emitted yellow and white sparks. The time taken to propagate over 100mm was 43 seconds.
Under the conditions of this study, the gadolinium metal in powder form is classified as category 1 in accordance with EU criteria.
Study 2:
In this screening study, trapezoidal-shaped pieces (length 40 mm, diameter 20 mm) were tested for flammable properties. In this form the massive Gadolinium metal is brought onto the market.
The test pieces were placed in a metal cup filled with quartz sand. A Bunsen burner flame was used to heat the test pieces. The temperature was measured with an IR-2201-50D VOLTCRAFT infrared thermometer. The burning behavior was recorded with a Sony ILCE-6000 camera. After 7 minutes, the test pieces reached a temperature of 550 °C. The Bunsen burner flame was turned off after this time (flame off). After the Bunsen burner flame was turned off, the temperature of the test pieces decreased as a function of time as follows: 10 min - 280 °C; 15 min - 170 °C; 20 min - 120 °C; 25 min - 95 °C; 30 min - 75 °C; 40 min - 55 °C; 50 min - 45 °C; 60 min - 40 °C; 80 min - 35 °C; 110 min - 30 °C; 125 min - 28 °C.
Under the conditions of this study, gadolinium metal in lumpy form is not flammable in accordance with EU criteria.
Flammability in contact with water
The flammability of the test material in contact with water was determined in accordance with the standardised guideline EU Method A.12 under GLP conditions. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
For step 1, the test material was transferred to a trough containing high quality water. The test material was observed over a 3 minute period and a record made of any evolution of gas.No signs of gas evolution or spontaneous ignition.
For step 2, the test material was transferred to the centre of a filter paper which was floating on high quality water. The test material was observed over a 3 minute period and a record made of any evolution of gas.No signs of gas evolution or spontaneous ignition.
For step 3, a pile of the test material was formed and an indentation made in the top. A few drops of high quality water were added to the indentation. The test material was observed over a 3 minute period and a record made of any evolution of gas.No signs of gas evolution or spontaneous ignition.
For step 4, 10 g of test material was placed into a conical flask, high quality water was released from the dropping funnel into the flask and any gas evolved collected in a gas-tight syringe. The rate of evolution was recorded at hourly intervals over a 7 hour period. The test was performed at atmospheric pressure, in triplicate.No gas evolved.
Under the conditions of this study the test material has been determined to be non-hazardous as no gases were evolved in any of the four steps.
Pyrophoricity
In accordance with point 1 of Annex XI, it is considered justified to omit the testing for pyrophoric properties. Testing does not appear scientifically necessary as experience in use and experience of handling the substance indicates that it does not possess pyrophoric properties.
Justification for classification or non-classification
In accordance with the criteria for classification as defined in Annex I, Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, the substance is classified as a flammable solid (category 1) with the hazard phrase H228: Flammable solid..
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