Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 231-111-4 | CAS number: 7440-02-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Uses at industrial sites
Documentsopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.1 Raw material handling/powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.2 Production and handling of finished product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: cleaning and maintenance
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact materials- only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of silver-nickel contact materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Inustrial use of conductive adhesive for electronics assembly
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Inustrial use of conductive adhesive for electronics assembly
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- PC 32: Polymer preparations and compounds
- Sector of end use:
- SU 11: Manufacture of rubber products
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4%; water: 0.6% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel containing products
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel containing products
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.1 Surface finishing operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across exposure estimate as 75th percentile of insoluble nickel (hands & arms) from CES3.3 cutting and packing in GES 3: Electrolytic refining of Ni matte via Ni sulphate solution for Ni metal production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling and mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Compacting and pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sand blasting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Laser sintering
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 0: Other: Intermediate
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Contributing scenario for the workers
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics and products - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics and products - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Paste printing and firing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hot injection of mixtures into moulds
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced Ni-containing catalysts ES1 no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.1 Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.2 Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- PC 0: Other: UCN P15500 - Catalyst
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposed compartment:
- air
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting and furnace brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Other, Cleaning and maintenance
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dissolution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating, electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Battery handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and paste mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Paste printing and firing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing steel and other alloy powders - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing steel and other alloy powders - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing steel and other alloy powders - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 18.1 Use of brazing alloys
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 18.1 Use of brazing alloys
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact material ES only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 20.1 Use of Ni contact material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No dermal exposure is anticipated during use, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No dermal exposure is anticipated during use, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet chemical reaction
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Control room operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing powders in additive manufacturing (3D-printing) - no emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 3D-printing in closed process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling and sieving of powder for reuse
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Maintenance work
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES2 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.1 Raw material handling/powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.2 Production and handling of finished product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal as intermediate for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.2 Melting Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.3 Atomisation Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.4 Sieving and filling containers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.5 Further processing : Cold Isostatic Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting and casting
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: prcessing of massive mattel
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: SU 3
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: SU 3
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition ES1 only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 21.1 Physical vapour deposition by sputtering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for thermal spraying - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thermal spraying and coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.2 Manufacture of NiSO4 solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.3 Electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.4 Manufacture of nickel nitrate solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.5 Preparation of the nickel sintered strip
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: this operation is not of long-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: This operation is not ofl ong-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder metallurgy
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder metallurgy
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.1 Surface finishing operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across exposure estimate as 75th percentile of insoluble nickel (hands & arms) from CES3.3 cutting and packing in GES 3: Electrolytic refining of Ni matte via Ni sulphate solution for Ni metal production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and paste mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Paste printing and firing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing anti-seize lubricant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of paste
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Application of anti-seize lubricant
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Product category used:
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.1 Surface finishing operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across (75th percentile exposure estimate) from GES 2: Nickel sulphamate in metal surface treatment: nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming, electroless nickel plating for Ni(SO3.NH2)2, CES 2.1, 2015 update
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across (75th percentile exposure estimate) from GES 2: Nickel sulphamate in metal surface treatment: nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming, electroless nickel plating for Ni(SO3.NH2)2, CES 2.1, 2015 update
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across as 90th percentile for insoluble nickel (all parts of the body) GES 3: Electrolytic refining of Ni matte via a nickel sulphate solution for Ni metal production, CES 3.3 cutting & packing, 2010
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from (90th percentile MEASE modelling) Ni sulphate GES 4: metal surface treatment (2015 update) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.57.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.71
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from (90th percentile MEASE modelling) Ni sulphate GES 4: metal surface treatment (2015 update) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.57.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES1 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES2 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 11.1 Production of Ni salts from Ni metal
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalyst (including PROC 15) - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalyst (including PROC 15) - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Deposition of nickel bonding layer for abrasive grains
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thin film deposition by evaporation technique
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.1 Deposition of Nickel
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and paste mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Paste printing and firing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Formulation of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder in powder metallurgy - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal-derived micronutrient powder in biogas production - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions (reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of biodegradable bags (reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 1: Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet chemical reaction
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Control room operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.2 Manufacture of NiSO4 solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.3 Electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.4 Manufacture of nickel nitrate solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.5 Preparation of the nickel sintered strip
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: this operation is not of long-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: This operation is not ofl ong-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- inputting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- plating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- product removal, transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: no data
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in sputter deposition techniques - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 21.1 Physical vapour deposition by sputtering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced Ni-containing catalysts ES1 no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.1 Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.2 Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- PC 0: Other: UCN P15500 - Catalyst
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposed compartment:
- air
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder metallurgy: use of powder ES1 Only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.1 Raw materials handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.2 Powder preparation - Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.3. Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.4. Powder blending and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.5. DSU powder mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.6 Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7a: Continuous sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7b: Batch sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.8: Injection moulding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.9: Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.10: Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Other uses
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous raw material handling operation in electrolytic Ni refining
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in stainless steel production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands & arms) measurement reported for an analogous allying and meting process in carbonyl nickel refining (GES 1)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: REad across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands & arms) reported for an analogous operation in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (fhands & arms) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure mesaurement (hands & arms) reported from analogous grinding operation for metallurgical processing of nickel powder
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in sputter deposition techniques - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.2 Manufacture of NiSO4 solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.3 Electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.4 Manufacture of nickel nitrate solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.5 Preparation of the nickel sintered strip
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: this operation is not of long-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: This operation is not ofl ong-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- PC 25: Metal working fluids
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture – Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in 3D-printing - no emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 3D-printing in closed process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling and sieving of powder for reuse
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Maintenance work
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder processing and transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other:
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder in powder metallurgy - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES2 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.1 Raw material handling/powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.2 Production and handling of finished product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact materials- only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of silver-nickel contact materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder in powder metallurgy - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.1 Raw material handling (nickel powder and granules)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.2 Mixing and blending (nickel powder)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.3 Compacting and Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.4 Smelting and sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.5 Processing of cast product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.6 Packing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.7 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dissolution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating, electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Battery handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 24: Scientific research and development
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 0: Other: SU3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Batteries
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting and furnace brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.1 Raw material handling/powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.2 Production and handling of finished product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions as raw material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and electroless nickel plating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES1 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 11.1 Production of Ni salts from Ni metal
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting and furnace brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling and mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Compacting and pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sand blasting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: NO DATA
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Closed mixing and transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Automated transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Drying and calcining
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Closed mixing and transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Automated transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual transfer operation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Drying and calcining
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thin film deposition by evaporation technique
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.1 Deposition of Nickel
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing anti-seize lubricant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of paste
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Application of anti-seize lubricant
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Product category used:
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.1 Surface finishing operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across exposure estimate as 75th percentile of insoluble nickel (hands & arms) from CES3.3 cutting and packing in GES 3: Electrolytic refining of Ni matte via Ni sulphate solution for Ni metal production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across exposure estimate as 75th percentile of insoluble nickel (hands & arms) from CES3.3 cutting and packing in GES 3: Electrolytic refining of Ni matte via Ni sulphate solution for Ni metal production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.1 Raw material handling (nickel powder and granules)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.2 Mixing and blending (nickel powder)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.3 Compacting and Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.4 Smelting and sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.5 Processing of cast product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.6 Packing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.7 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of conductive silicone for EMI shielding
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of conductive silicone for EMI shielding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 1: Adhesives, sealants
- PC 32: Polymer preparations and compounds
- Sector of end use:
- SU 11: Manufacture of rubber products
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 24: Scientific research and development
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3 %; water: 0.02 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- PC 25: Metal working fluids
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=1000
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Formulation and Processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use as an intermediate in the recovery of nickel and other metal values
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use in the recovery of metal and other values
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Intermediate
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR but not a lead’s own use
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=1000
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in thin film deposition by evaporation technique - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thin film deposition by evaporation technique
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sand blasting of contaminated/coated protective shields
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 21.1 Physical vapour deposition by sputtering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact material ES only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 20.1 Use of Ni contact material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No dermal exposure is anticipated during use, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- blasting agent
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- blasting agent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 13: Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products, e.g. plasters, cement
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: no data
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: cleaning or maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact materials- only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of silver-nickel contact materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=1000
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: no data
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing alloys for sand blasting in industrial settings - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Blasting operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.2 Melting Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.3 Atomisation Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.4 Sieving and filling containers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.5 Further processing : Cold Isostatic Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- PC 25: Metal working fluids
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=1000
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4%; water: 0.6% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel and nickel alloy shapes for the production of shapes, ingots and/or nickel containing articles.
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel and nickel alloy shapes for the production of shapes, ingots and/or nickel containing articles.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4%; water: 0.6% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 0: Other: SU3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 6: Calendering operations
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting and furnace brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Closed mixing and transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Automated transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual transfer operation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Drying and calcining
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- SU 0: Other: Industrial
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3 %; water: 0.02 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact materials- only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of silver-nickel contact materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder processing and transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: metal and metal compounds in metallic coatings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Deposition of nickel bonding layer for abrasive grains
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions as raw material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and electroless nickel plating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thin film deposition by evaporation technique
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.1 Deposition of Nickel
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder metallurgy: use of powder ES1 Only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.1 Raw materials handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.2 Powder preparation - Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.3. Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.4. Powder blending and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.5. DSU powder mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.6 Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7a: Continuous sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7b: Batch sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.8: Injection moulding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.9: Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.10: Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Other uses
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous raw material handling operation in electrolytic Ni refining
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in stainless steel production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands & arms) measurement reported for an analogous allying and meting process in carbonyl nickel refining (GES 1)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: REad across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands & arms) reported for an analogous operation in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (fhands & arms) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure mesaurement (hands & arms) reported from analogous grinding operation for metallurgical processing of nickel powder
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous raw material handling operation in electrolytic Ni refining
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in stainless steel production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands & arms) measurement reported for an analogous allying and meting process in carbonyl nickel refining (GES 1)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: REad across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands & arms) reported for an analogous operation in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (fhands & arms) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure mesaurement (hands & arms) reported from analogous grinding operation for metallurgical processing of nickel powder
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- SU 10: Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or re-packaging (excluding alloys)
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.1 Raw material handling/powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.2 Production and handling of finished product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni-containing alloys for blasting ES only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.1 Raw Material Handling.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.2 Blasting operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- This SPERC is relevant for ERC12a processes and blasting is considered relevant also for ERC 12b. There is a factor 10 difference between ERC12a and ERC12b releases according to ECHA. Therefore a factor of 10 has been applied to the... (see attached file)
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- PC 0: Other: UCN P15500 - Catalyst
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition ES1 only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 21.1 Physical vapour deposition by sputtering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.1 Surface finishing operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across exposure estimate as 75th percentile of insoluble nickel (hands & arms) from CES3.3 cutting and packing in GES 3: Electrolytic refining of Ni matte via Ni sulphate solution for Ni metal production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalyst (including PROC 15) - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 10: Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or re-packaging (excluding alloys)
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 24: Scientific research and development
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: metal and metal compounds in metallic coatings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in thin film deposition by evaporation technique - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thin film deposition by evaporation technique
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sand blasting of contaminated/coated protective shields
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and paste mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Paste printing and firing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3 %; water: 0.02 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Closed mixing and transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Automated transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Drying and calcining
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder processing and transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Additive Manufacturing
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Additive Manufacturing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC41: Oil and gas exploration or production products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.2 Melting Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.3 Atomisation Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.4 Sieving and filling containers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.5 Further processing : Cold Isostatic Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet chemical reaction
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Control room operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- PC 25: Metal working fluids
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Deposition of nickel bonding layer for abrasive grains
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni-containing alloys for blasting ES only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.1 Raw Material Handling.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.2 Blasting operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- This SPERC is relevant for ERC12a processes and blasting is considered relevant also for ERC 12b. There is a factor 10 difference between ERC12a and ERC12b releases according to ECHA. Therefore a factor of 10 has been applied to the... (see attached file)
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dissolution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating, electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Battery handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni-containing alloys for blasting ES only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.1 Raw Material Handling.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.2 Blasting operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- This SPERC is relevant for ERC12a processes and blasting is considered relevant also for ERC 12b. There is a factor 10 difference between ERC12a and ERC12b releases according to ECHA. Therefore a factor of 10 has been applied to the... (see attached file)
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.1 Raw material handling (nickel powder and granules)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.2 Mixing and blending (nickel powder)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.3 Compacting and Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.4 Smelting and sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.5 Processing of cast product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.6 Packing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.7 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing powders in additive manufacturing (3D-printing) - no emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 3D-printing in closed process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling and sieving of powder for reuse
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Maintenance work
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in batteries; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.002%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of La containing articles
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of La containing articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: batteries
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Other uses
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3 %; water: 0.02 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- PC 25: Metal working fluids
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in thin film deposition by evaporation technique - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thin film deposition by evaporation technique
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sand blasting of contaminated/coated protective shields
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of nickel-containing electronics - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and paste mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Paste printing and firing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet chemical reaction
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Control room operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: cleaning and maintenance
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalyst (including PROC 15) - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalyst (including PROC 15) - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder processing and transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder in powder metallurgy - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 3D printing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 3D printing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 24: Scientific research and development
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni-containing alloys for blasting ES only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.1 Raw Material Handling.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.2 Blasting operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- This SPERC is relevant for ERC12a processes and blasting is considered relevant also for ERC 12b. There is a factor 10 difference between ERC12a and ERC12b releases according to ECHA. Therefore a factor of 10 has been applied to the... (see attached file)
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- This SPERC is relevant for ERC12a processes and blasting is considered relevant also for ERC 12b. There is a factor 10 difference between ERC12a and ERC12b releases according to ECHA. Therefore a factor of 10 has been applied to the... (see attached file)
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thin film deposition by evaporation technique
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.1 Deposition of Nickel
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- Sector of end use:
- SU 10: Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or re-packaging (excluding alloys)
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for thermal spraying - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thermal spraying and coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact material ES only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 20.1 Use of Ni contact material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No dermal exposure is anticipated during use, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 9b: Fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay
- PC 9c: Finger paints
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni-containing alloys for blasting ES only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Non industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.1 Raw Material Handling.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.2 Blasting operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- This SPERC is relevant for ERC12a processes and blasting is considered relevant also for ERC 12b. There is a factor 10 difference between ERC12a and ERC12b releases according to ECHA. Therefore a factor of 10 has been applied to the... (see attached file)
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dissolution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating, electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Battery handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES2 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 18.1 Use of brazing alloys
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder in powder metallurgy - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder metallurgy: use of powder ES1 Only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.1 Raw materials handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.2 Powder preparation - Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.3. Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.4. Powder blending and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.5. DSU powder mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.6 Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7a: Continuous sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7b: Batch sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.8: Injection moulding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.9: Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.10: Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Other uses
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous raw material handling operation in electrolytic Ni refining
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in stainless steel production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 43 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.33
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands & arms) measurement reported for an analogous allying and meting process in carbonyl nickel refining (GES 1)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: REad across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands & arms) reported for an analogous operation in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (fhands & arms) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure mesaurement (hands & arms) reported from analogous grinding operation for metallurgical processing of nickel powder
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data.
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data. SU3: industrial use
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing alloys for sand blasting in industrial settings - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Blasting operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 21.1 Physical vapour deposition by sputtering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 13: Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products, e.g. plasters, cement
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of preparations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.1 Raw material handling (nickel powder and granules)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.2 Mixing and blending (nickel powder)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.3 Compacting and Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.4 Smelting and sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.5 Processing of cast product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.6 Packing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.7 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions as raw material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and electroless nickel plating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in batteries; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.002 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: UCN code P15500
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel-containing inorganic pigments - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Closed mixing and transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Automated transfer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual transfer operation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Drying and calcining
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dissolution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating, electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Battery handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.2 Manufacture of NiSO4 solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.3 Electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.4 Manufacture of nickel nitrate solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.5 Preparation of the nickel sintered strip
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: this operation is not of long-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: This operation is not ofl ong-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- PC 25: Metal working fluids
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.2 Manufacture of NiSO4 solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.3 Electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.4 Manufacture of nickel nitrate solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.5 Preparation of the nickel sintered strip
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: this operation is not of long-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: This operation is not ofl ong-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: this operation is not of long-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: This operation is not ofl ong-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder metallurgy: use of powder ES1 Only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.1 Raw materials handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.2 Powder preparation - Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.3. Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.4. Powder blending and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.5. DSU powder mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.6 Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7a: Continuous sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7b: Batch sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.8: Injection moulding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.9: Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.10: Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Other uses
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous raw material handling operation in electrolytic Ni refining
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in stainless steel production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands & arms) measurement reported for an analogous allying and meting process in carbonyl nickel refining (GES 1)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: REad across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands & arms) reported for an analogous operation in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (fhands & arms) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure mesaurement (hands & arms) reported from analogous grinding operation for metallurgical processing of nickel powder
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.3%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 18.1 Use of brazing alloys
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition ES1 only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 21.1 Physical vapour deposition by sputtering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile long-term exposure for entirely enclosed process,. Based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in sputter deposition techniques - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES1 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES2 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 11.1 Production of Ni salts from Ni metal
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions as raw material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and electroless nickel plating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal-derived micronutrient powder in biogas production - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions (reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of biodegradable bags (reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 1: Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 0: Other: Catalyst
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use in the recovery of nickel and other metal values
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use in the recovery of nickel and other metal values
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: intermediate
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions as raw material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and electroless nickel plating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- set to equipment
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- cutting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- undercutting an edge
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- product removal, transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni-containing alloys for blasting ES only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.1 Raw Material Handling.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.2 Blasting operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- 36.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- This SPERC is relevant for ERC12a processes and blasting is considered relevant also for ERC 12b. There is a factor 10 difference between ERC12a and ERC12b releases according to ECHA. Therefore a factor of 10 has been applied to the... (see attached file)
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powder.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thermal spraying
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thermal spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 24: Scientific research and development
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: educt for production of ni compounds
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment: nickel electroplating, chemical nickel plating ES1 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment: nickel electroplating, chemical nickel plating ES2 no discharge to water
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 40.1 Nickel plating of abrasive tools
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- 40.2 Cleaning and Maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- spERC metalic coating v2.1, 2013
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- spERC metalic coating v2.1, 2013
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Remarks:
- No release to water
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- spERC metalic coating v2.1, 2013
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on read-across from Ni metal surface finishing (GES 10: Use of nickel metal in surface treatment: nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming, electroless nickel plating, CES 10.1 Surface finishing, 2015
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Based on read-across from Ni metal surface finishing (GES 10: Use of nickel metal in surface treatment: nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming, electroless nickel plating, CES 10.1 Surface finishing, 2015
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from (modeled 90th percentile exposure estimate) GES 10: Use of nickel metal in metal surface treatment: nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming, electroless nickel plating, 2015
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile using MEASE, PROC 10 {Ni >25%, incidental exp., non-direct handling, dur. 1 hr, general vent., RPE, gloves} corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term value is 0.57.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalable modeled estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.71.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile using MEASE, PROC 10 {Ni >25%, incidental exp., non-direct handling, dur. 1 hr, general vent., RPE, gloves} corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term value is 0.57.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalable modeled estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.71.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.2 Melting Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.3 Atomisation Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.4 Sieving and filling containers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.5 Further processing : Cold Isostatic Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data. SU3: industrial use
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=1000
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet chemical reaction
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced Ni-containing catalysts ES1 no releases
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.1 Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.2 Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- PC 0: Other: UCN P15500 - Catalyst
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposed compartment:
- air
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming technologies) - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions as raw material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and electroless nickel plating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Deposition of nickel bonding layer for abrasive grains
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: SU3: Industrial manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact material ES only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 20.1 Use of Ni contact material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No dermal exposure is anticipated during use, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.2 Melting Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.3 Atomisation Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.4 Sieving and filling containers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.5 Further processing : Cold Isostatic Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 13: Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products, e.g. plasters, cement
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in surface treatment (nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and nickel electroless technologies) - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions as raw material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Nickel electroplating, nickel electroforming and electroless nickel plating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling and mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Compacting and pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sand blasting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 10: Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or re-packaging (excluding alloys)
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for thermal spraying - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thermal spraying and coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of conductive paint
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of conductive paint
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 9a: Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removes
- PC 32: Polymer preparations and compounds
- Sector of end use:
- SU 11: Manufacture of rubber products
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel/nickel containing alloys for the fabrication of nickel containing articles by mechanical processes (such as rolling, extrusion)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel/nickel containing alloys for the fabrication of nickel containing articles by mechanical processes (such as rolling, extrusion)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- SU 19: Building and construction work
- SU 23: Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, powder processing and transfer, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder processing and transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: metal and metal compounds in metallic coatings
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: No relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Alloying to Improves properties
Alloying without environmental impact - Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Improves properties of alloyed metal
Technique for workers: Nothing special - Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing powders in additive manufacturing (3D-printing) - no emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 3D-printing in closed process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling and sieving of powder for reuse
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Maintenance work
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact material ES only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 20.1 Use of Ni contact material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No dermal exposure is anticipated during use, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metals in plating emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.4 %; water: 0.6 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Deposition of nickel bonding layer for abrasive grains
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder processing and transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Intermediate use of nickel metal for the manufacture of other substances in catalyst or catalyst precursor manufacture - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant, direct discharge to fresh water and direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts, powder processing and transfer, industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder processing and transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 24: Scientific research and development
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- SU 19: Building and construction work
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08 %; water: 0.01 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.2 Melting Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.3 Atomisation Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.4 Sieving and filling containers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.5 Further processing : Cold Isostatic Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 35.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Formulation in alloys” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 136 min during ‘prep of charge (gas)’ (FFP3 mask mandatory, gloves voluntary, no LEV) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 4.293.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘prep of charge (gas);’ allows for variability associated with handling powders corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 42.93.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Max conc from 4 samples over 275 min during “transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 3.178.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization” corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 9.53.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for “work on the furnace: transfer of raw material in the furnace, melting, atomization”.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘transfer of powder to the hoppers, handling of powder (gas)’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate for ‘maintenance & reparation on the equipment’.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES1 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 11.1 Production of Ni salts from Ni metal
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing steel and other alloy powders - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing steel and other alloy powders - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing steel and other alloy powders - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting and furnace brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.1 Raw material handling (nickel powder and granules)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.2 Mixing and blending (nickel powder)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.3 Compacting and Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.4 Smelting and sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.5 Processing of cast product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.6 Packing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.7 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007 %; water: 0.003 % (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metal and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder metallurgy: use of powder ES1 Only air emissions
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.1 Raw materials handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.2 Powder preparation - Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.3. Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.4. Powder blending and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.5. DSU powder mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.6 Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7a: Continuous sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7b: Batch sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.8: Injection moulding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.9: Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.10: Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Other uses
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous raw material handling operation in electrolytic Ni refining
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in stainless steel production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands & arms) measurement reported for an analogous allying and meting process in carbonyl nickel refining (GES 1)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: REad across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands & arms) reported for an analogous operation in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (fhands & arms) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure mesaurement (hands & arms) reported from analogous grinding operation for metallurgical processing of nickel powder
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Product category used:
- PC 2: Adsorbents
- PC 19: Intermediate
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for thermal spraying - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thermal spraying and coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel powder or nickel alloy powder in powder metallurgy - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of Ni metal for Thermal Spraying ES1 only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.1 Raw Material Handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.2 Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.3 Thermal spraying/coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- 34.4 Cleaning and Maintenance Operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and Maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 15: Non-metal-surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Assumed to be same as acute exposure as a conservative estimate in the absence of measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x the long-term exposure estimate based on measured data.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thin film deposition by evaporation technique
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.1 Deposition of Nickel
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of silver-nickel contact material ES only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 20.1 Use of Ni contact material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile long-term exposure estimate based on expert judgement, taking account of how the contact material is used, including the improbability that use would lead to the generation of measurable levels of Ni in air
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No dermal exposure is anticipated during use, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=1000
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel-containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES1 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 11.1 Production of Ni salts from Ni metal
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after ,RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling and mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Compacting and pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sand blasting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES2 direct discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of magnets (powder use) ES3 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.1 Raw material handling (nickel powder and granules)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.2 Mixing and blending (nickel powder)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.3 Compacting and Pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.4 Smelting and sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.5 Processing of cast product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.6 Packing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 15.7 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term exposure assuming LEV; derived using data from powder metallurgy sector corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.1.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for weighing and mixing; allows for temporal variability during dusty tasks. corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF N/A). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved in the initial stages of weighing an
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for furnace loading partly or wholly automated. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008- 2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile longterm exposure estimate for furnace loading. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved i
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for automation and enclosure of grinding. This estimate was derived using data from powder metallurgy sector described in EU RAR (2008-2009), and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for processing of cast product. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involv
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on expert judgment and low dustiness of product
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for packing. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate based on low dustiness of process residues. This estimate was derived using expert judgment and limited data from the magnet sector.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of longterm average for Cleaning and Maintenance. A factor of 10 allows for the variability in exposure concentration through time that would be expected to arise as a result of the intermittent nature of the more dusty tasks involved
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Metal surface treatment – nickel electroplating and nickel electroforming ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.1 Surface finishing operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- 10.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated 75th percentile of long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across exposure estimate as 75th percentile of insoluble nickel (hands & arms) from CES3.3 cutting and packing in GES 3: Electrolytic refining of Ni matte via Ni sulphate solution for Ni metal production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x estimated long-term exposure, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure is 1.026
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Regulatory status:
- use of the substance in mixtures below the concentration limit specified in REACH Art. 56(6)
- Name of activity / technique:
- use of nickel metal in powder metallurgy
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- cleaning and repair
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- handling substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- The feedstock is heated in a furnace and the melt is turned into a nickel-based powder by atomising the melt stream to produce fine, spherical or granular powder suitable for metal injection molding and other powder metallurgy work.
Powderpreparation-furnacing(smelting, melting, and alloying) and atomisation. The molten metal passes through the center portion of a pressure nozzle of a tundish through which a gas or liquid flows to divide the molten metal into droplets on exit from the nozzle. The melt stream may be sub-divided further by firing a jet of gas (in an inverted cone shape) from a ring nozzle (e.g. as slits around the lower edge of the exit from the pressure nozzle) into the stream to give a more finely divided powder with a narrower particle size range. - Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- The feedstock is heated in a furnace and the melt is turned into a nickel-based powder by atomising the melt stream to produce fine, spherical or granular powder suitable for metal injection molding and other powder metallurgy work.
Powderpreparation-furnacing(smelting, melting, and alloying) and atomisation.The molten metal passes through the center portion of a pressure nozzle of a tundish through which a gas or liquid flows to divide the molten metal into droplets on exit from the nozzle. The melt stream may be sub-divided further by firing a jet of gas (in an inverted cone shape) from a ring nozzle (e.g. as slits around the lower edge of the exit from the pressure nozzle) into the stream to give a more finely divided powder with a narrower particle size range. - Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder finishing- crushing, milling and sieving. Drying (if water–atomised) and chemically reducing or ‘mechanically’ alloying the crude Ni powder product and crushing, milling and sieving the fine pure Ni metal or Fe-alloyed Ni powder product.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder finishing- crushing, milling and sieving. Drying (if water–atomised) and chemically reducing or ‘mechanically’ alloying the crude Ni powder product and crushing, milling and sieving the fine pure Ni metal or Fe-alloyed Ni powder product.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- DSU Powder Mixing (for pressing or injection moulding)-This involves the blending of a pressing lubricant or an organic binder with the metal or metal alloy powder.
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing-In die pressing the mixed powder is pressed in a mould made up of a rigid tool set comprising a die, punches and mandrels or core rods in die pressing. In isostatic pressing, hydrostatic pressure is applied to the mould in a pressurised vessel
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Continuous sintering-Solid phase sintering of the compacted form involves heating of the material, usually in an inert atmosphere, to a temperature that is below the melting point of the major constituent. If a minor constituent forms a liquid phase at the sintering temperature then the process is known as liquid phase sintering.
Techniques such as powder (closed-die hot) forging may then be applied to conventionally cold pressed and sintered forms and to one-step hot compacted forms. - Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Batch sintering-The sintered part is finished using techniques such as shot peening, hardening, annealing, steam treatment and local cold deformation (rolling of the surface layers of a sintered form with a meshing rolling tool).
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Injection moulding-The mixed powder and binder are combined and heated then injected into a mould. The injection moulded part is released from the mould (as the green body) and is de-bound (binder removal to make the brown body) to make it ready for sintering..
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Post-sintering operations-The sintered part is finished using techniques such as shot peening, hardening, annealing, steam treatment and local cold deformation (rolling of the surface layers of a sintered form with a meshing rolling tool).
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- SU 0: Other: Industrial use
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Particular considerations on the waste treatment operations:
- no
- Place of use:
- indoor and outdoor
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
- Particular considerations on the waste treatment operations:
- other:
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated local concentrations based on measurements by industry and measured regional concentrations are used for calculation of PEC TIER 3-RWC
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands, & arms &) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands, & arms &) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands & arms ) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands & arms ) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements reported for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1 Nickel production by carbonyl refining of nickel matte)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands and arms) measurement reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in carbonyl nickel refining (GES 1 Nickel production by carbonyl
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands &arms) measurement reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in stainless steel production.
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands &arms) measurement reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in stainless steel production.
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE for PROC 27a {ind, Ni>25%, NDH, NDU, incidental exposure, duration >240 minutes, LEV, RPE, gloves}
- Physical form of the used product:
- solid (material with high dustiness)
- Place of use:
- indoor
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands &arms) measurement reported for an analogous raw material handling operation in electrolytic Ni refining.
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Product (article) characteristic
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Other technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Product (article) characteristic
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
Predicted exposure concentration
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thin film deposition by evaporation technique
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.1 Deposition of Nickel
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 22.2 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use: shaping” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile longterm exposure based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data, the exposure estimates take account of the clean room standards of cleanliness associated with this process
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated as 10 x 75th percentile long-term average exposure to allow for the uncertainty in the estimate of shift mean exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated for specialist clean room, no direct dermal contact with Ni, the dermal exposure was estimated as being close to the limit of detection
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES1 STP discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES2 marine discharge
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 18.1 Use of brazing alloys
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for the manufacture of nickel salts - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive material
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet chemical reaction
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use as intermediate registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - FW direct_D=1000
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing stainless, special steels and special alloys - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- equipment input
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- assembling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- bending process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- product removal, transfer
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced Ni-containing catalysts ES1 no releases
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.1 Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.2 Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- PC 0: Other: UCN P15500 - Catalyst
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposed compartment:
- air
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- PC 25: Metal working fluids
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in the production of abrasive tools - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of low dusty materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing and blending
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Deposition of nickel bonding layer for abrasive grains
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Testing of solution composition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: SPERC: Processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: Industrial manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: no data
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: no data
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal in sputter deposition techniques - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sputter deposition
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulation of massive metal or metal powder in alloys emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.007%; water: 0.003% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not reported
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: SU3: Industrial manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Direct discharge to fresh water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal and nickel containing alloys for the production of steel and other alloys powder by atomisation - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting, casting and tapping
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal powder in the production of magnets - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling and mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Compacting and pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sand blasting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of brazing alloys ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 18.1 Use of brazing alloys
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
- Remarks:
- ERC 8c, f
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimated 75th percentile shift mean concentration for manual operations based on professional judgement taking account of measurement data for alloy production which employs some similar processes and may give rise to similar levels of exposure.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Use of metal emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.08%; water: 0.01% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: cleaning and maintenance
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other:
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES2 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of batteries using positive nickel electrodes ES3 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.1 Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.2 Manufacture of NiSO4 solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.3 Electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.4 Manufacture of nickel nitrate solution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.5 Preparation of the nickel sintered strip
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 12.6 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Battery products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: this operation is not of long-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: This operation is not ofl ong-term duration
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Higher of two measurements for unbagging NiSO46H2O
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure measurement
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 3 measurements from the catalyst industry, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure estimate is 0.342
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.02, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other:
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: processing of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 0: Other: sputter deposition
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use during the process as a catalyst
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use during the process as a catalyst
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Loading into the reactor
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: :Manufacture and recycling of massive metal, metal powder or metal compounds; emission fraction (release after RMM): air: 0.03%; water: 0.02% (Specific Environmental Release Categories (SPERC) for metals and metal compounds (Eurometaux, 2010))
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 24: Lubricants, greases, release products
- PC 25: Metal working fluids
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced Ni-containing catalysts ES1 no releases
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.1 Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.2 Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- PC 0: Other: UCN P15500 - Catalyst
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposed compartment:
- air
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposed compartment:
- air
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel coated metal objects
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Machining of nickel alloys and nickel coated metal objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- SU 0: Other: SU 3: Industrial Manufacturing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: bulk
- Reference substance:
- nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing powders in additive manufacturing (3D-printing) - no emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- 3D-printing in closed process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling and sieving of powder for reuse
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Maintenance work
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES1 direct discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of Ni salts from Ni metal ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 11.1 Production of Ni salts from Ni metal
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Estimate of the 75th percentile long-term mean exposure based on expert judgements from limited measurement data discussed in the EU RAR (2008-2009) and information on exposures to Ni associated with powder handling in other sectors. Assumes LEV
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile of long-term average for powder handling. This allows for the extreme short term variability of exposure concentrations that is associated with handling powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC 0: Other: Formulations of massive metal
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Product category used:
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal-derived micronutrient powder in biogas production - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of solutions (reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of biodegradable bags (reception and charging/discharging the bioreactor)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 1: Agriculture, forestry and fishing
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - FW direct_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - FW direct_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing carbon steel - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel metal for thermal spraying - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Hand operated metal spraying operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Thermal spraying and coating operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Finishing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- PC 38: Welding and soldering products, flux products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced Ni-containing catalysts ES1 no releases
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.1 Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 14.2 Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Product category used:
- PC 19: Intermediate
- PC 20: Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralisation agents
- PC 21: Laboratory chemicals
- PC 0: Other: UCN P15500 - Catalyst
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposed compartment:
- air
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 4 x 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO powdered catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place. A factor of 4 was used to account for presumed higher acute exposure to powders.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Calculated 75th percentile for filling operations (full shift) in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production. Assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x calculated 75th percentile for filling operations in nickel metal and NiO shaped catalyst production.; assumes processes are enclosed and effective LEV is in place
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=10
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to fresh water_D=100
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing integrated steel and iron - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of dusty raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Smelting, melting and casting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Rolling, milling or forging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Grinding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Annealing and pickling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Welding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Low energy handling of massive objects
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging, shipping and storage
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of pre-reduced nickel containing catalysts - no releases
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of powdered catalysts
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Industrial use of shaped catalysts (extrudates, pellets, tablets, spheres, encapsulated powders)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)
- SU 9: Manufacture of fine chemicals
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - FW STP
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - FW direct
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of batteries using nickel electrodes - marine
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of massive raw materials
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Handling of powders
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dissolution
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Coating, electroplating
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- Battery handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - Discharge to fresh water via municipal sewage treatment plant
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing brazing alloys in industrial settings - Direct discharge to marine water
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Melting and furnace brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manual brazing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Name of activity / technique:
- Packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for workers
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nicekl
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Reference substance:
- Nicekl
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial sites
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial sites
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 7: Printing and reproduction of recorded media
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 14: Metal surface treatment products
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES1 STP discharge
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of nickel-containing products (electronics) ES2 marine discharge
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.1 Raw material handling/powder handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.2 Production and handling of finished product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- 16.3 Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Not relevant
- Sector of end use:
- SU 16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
ContribScenEnvirWorkerRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- yes
- Application of site specific biological STP sludge on agricultural soil:
- yes
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- surface water
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- SpERC
- Remarks:
- SPERCs data for “Industrial use in metallic coating” are used (Eurometaux, 2012).
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: Calculations according to the methodology defined in the EU RA for Nickel.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- other: EUSES, GPM, IFDM air model
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x 75th percentile long-term estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
OtherCondRepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: No significant exposure is expected provided that firing process is enclosed. Estimate based on expert judgement in the absence of measurement data.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Long-term mean exposure for cleaning in areas where powder has been handled. Estimated as half of that associated with raw materials/powder handling, based on expert judgement
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10 x long-term exposure estimate. A factor of 10 was used to take account of the extreme variability in exposure concentration through time that arises during powder handling operations.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel in alloy
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Reference substance:
- Nickel in alloy
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- yes
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Uses at industrial sites
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported <10tonnes/year per registrant
- Name:
- Nickel
- Type of composition:
- legal entity composition of the substance
- State / form:
- other: solid (bulk): substance in alloy
- Reference substance:
- Nickel
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use of nickel-containing alloys for sand blasting in industrial settings - only air
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Raw material handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
- Name of activity / technique:
- Blasting operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 7: Industrial spraying
- Name of activity / technique:
- Wet cleaning
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning/removal of dust
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category used:
- PC 7: Base metals and alloys
- Sector of end use:
- SU 15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
Reference
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Uses at industrial sites
Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
- Name of activity / technique:
- Powder metallurgy: use of powder ES1 Only air emissions
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.1 Raw materials handling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.2 Powder preparation - Furnacing and atomisation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.3. Powder finishing - crushing, milling and sieving
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.4. Powder blending and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.5. DSU powder mixing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.6 Powder pressing
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7a: Continuous sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.7b: Batch sintering
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.8: Injection moulding
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.9: Post-sintering operations
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
- Name of activity / technique:
- 9.10: Cleaning and maintenance
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 0: Other: Cleaning and maintenance
- Product category used:
- PC 0: Other: Other uses
- Sector of end use:
- SU 17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- in a mixture
- Subsequent service life relevant for this use:
- no
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in a joint CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Amounts used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life)
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- water
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- air
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- no
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
Other conditions of use
Releases to waste and the environment
Release to the environment
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
Exposure of the environment
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: The methodology applied to assess secondary poisoning is extracted from the EU RA for Nickel (2008-2009). A detailed report on the methodology used to derive the PNECoral and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) are provided in Appendix D3 of the CSR.
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Median value. An assessment of predicted level of compliance for this sector on site-specific measured or predicted exposures is provided in Section 5 of Appendix D5 of the CSR.
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous raw material handling operation in electrolytic Ni refining
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile value from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 0.65.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x the long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.95
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (over hands & arms) reported for an analogous alloying and melting process in stainless steel production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile from MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.39
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.17 which is below the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across based on 7 personal exposure measurements for packaging of carbonyl nickel powder (GES 1) corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the long-term value, the long-term exposure value is 1.44
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 10x estimated long-term exposure corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 40). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 14.4
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure (hands & arms) measurement reported for an analogous allying and meting process in carbonyl nickel refining (GES 1)
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 9 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure value is 0.49
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no APF is applied to the acute value, the acute value is 1.47.
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: REad across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (hands & arms) reported for an analogous operation in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 75th percentile value from 21 personal exposure measurements, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used the long-term exposure value is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure value is 0.39, which is lower than the DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure measurement (fhands & arms) reported for an analogous powder and machine setting operations in magnet production
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- measured data
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3 x long-term inhalation exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Single exposure measurement verified by MEASE and corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.6
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.8, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile exposure estimate using MEASE, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the long-term exposure estimate is 0.13
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 10). If no RPE is applied the acute exposure estimate is 0.39, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
Other conditions of use
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read-across from highest of 4 personal epxosure measurements from analogous grinding operation in magnet production after comparison with 5 (lower) personal exposure measurements for this task
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long term exposure estimate
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: Read across 90th percentile for personal exposure mesaurement (hands & arms) reported from analogous grinding operation for metallurgical processing of nickel powder
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Other product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Exposure of workers
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (internal) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 90th percentile MEASE modelling, corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the long-term exposure estimate is 0.58
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- other: 3x long-term exposure estimate corrected to take into account the use of RPE (APF 20). If no RPE is used, the acute exposure estimate is 1.71, which is lower than the acute DNEL
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) long-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (internal) short-term exposure
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
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