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EC number: 237-523-0 | CAS number: 13825-74-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Hydrolysis
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- hydrolysis
- Type of information:
- other: introductory part of a scientific publication
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data taken from a scientific publication; study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 007
- Report date:
- 2007
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effect of TiOSO4 hydrothermal hydrolysis conditions on TiO2 morphology and gas-phase oxidative activity
- Author:
- Bavykin et al.
- Year:
- 2 007
- Bibliographic source:
- Research on Chemical Intermediates, 33, 449-464
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other:
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Data taken from the introductory part of a scientific publication, no details on methodology given.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- TiOSO4
- IUPAC Name:
- TiOSO4
- Details on test material:
- Chemical formula: TiOSO4
Substance name as mentioned in the study report: titanyl sulphate
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Study design
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
Results and discussion
Dissipation DT50 of parent compound
- pH:
- 0
- Temp.:
- 100 °C
- DT50:
- < 1 h
- Type:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: pH reflecting conditions with sulphuric acid in the reactor vessel.
- Details on results:
- No actually measured data on half-life time of TiOSO4 under reactor conditions (temperature ca. 100 °C, pH highly acidic) are given, however they can assumed to be very short. Based on evidence available, target compound TiOSO4 only can get stabilised in aqueous medium under the presence of sulphuric acid at highly acidic pH conditions. Therefore it is to be concluded that under environmentally and physiologically relevant pH conditions TiOSO4 will be transformed instantaneously to final hydrolysis product TiO2.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Short description of the step of hydrothermal hydrolysis during titanium dioxide pigment production (quoted from Grzmil):
"The hydroIysis of titanyl sulphate is one of the most important steps in titanium pigment production with a decisive impact on the pigment properties of the final product. During hydrolysis, the hydrated titanium dioxide precipitates from the titanyl sulphate solution in sulphuric acid. The hydrolysis of sulphate solutions of titanium is a complex physicochemical process which decides about the product. It is generally accepted that TiO2 particles grow to colloidal size and then the precipitation of the deposit takes place. There are different mechanisms of TiO2 formation from the titanyl sulphate solution, which depend on concentrations of TiOSO4. At high concentrations of titanyl sulphate, titanium is mainly present in -Ti2 +-O-Ti2 +-O- chains. On the other hand, when the concentration of TiOSO4 is low, titanyl ions are present mainly in the monomeric form. Under the hydrolysis condition, the chains attach to OH-groups (high concentration of TiOSO4). The solubility of partially hydrolysed -Ti(OH)2 -O-Ti(OH)2 -O- chains is lower than that of their precursers. This results in oversaturation and coagulation to 3TiO2 x 4H2O particles. Hydrolysis of the monomeric form (low concentration of TiOSO4) results in the formation of hydrolysed monomeric form of TiO(OH)2 (Bavykin et al., 2007). The hydrolysis process can be carried out by means of either the Blumenfeld (1924) or the Mecklenburg (1930) method."
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Based on evidence available, target compound TiOSO4 only can get stabilised in aqueous medium under the presence of sulphuric acid at highly acidic pH conditions. Therefore it is to be concluded that under environmentally and physiologically relevant pH conditions TiOSO4 will be transformed instantaneously to final hydrolysis product TiO2.
- Executive summary:
The publication of Grzmil 2007 gives a brief description of the step of hydrothermal hydrolysis during the industrial process of titanium dioxide pigment production. As not relevant for describing the behaviour of TiOSO4 under physiologically or environmentally relevant conditions, this publication shall be given as supporting information.
According to the publication, during hydrolysis the hydrated titanium dioxide precipitates from the titanyl sulphate solution in sulphuric acid. It is generally accepted that TiO2 particles grow to colloidal size and then the precipitation of the deposit takes place. There are different mechanisms of TiO2 formation from the titanyl sulphate solution, which depend on concentrations of TiOSO4. At high concentrations of titanyl sulphate, titanium is mainly present in -Ti2 +-O-Ti2 +-O- chains. On the other hand, when the concentration of TiOSO4 is low, titanyl ions are present mainly in the monomeric form. Under the hydrolysis condition, the chains attach to OH-groups (high concentration of TiOSO4). The solubility of partially hydrolysed -Ti(OH)2 -O-Ti(OH)2 -O- chains is lower than that of their precursers. This results in oversaturation and coagulation to 3TiO2 x 4H2O particles. Hydrolysis of the monomeric form (low concentration of TiOSO4) results in the formation of hydrolysed monomeric form of TiO(OH)2.
In summary, no actually measured data on half-life time of TiOSO4 under reactor conditions (temperature ca. 100 °C, pH highly acidic) are given, however they can assumed to be very short. Based on evidence available, target compound TiOSO4 only can get stabilised in aqueous medium under the presence of sulphuric acid at highly acidic pH conditions. Therefore it is to be concluded that under environmentally and physiologically relevant pH conditions TiOSO4 will be transformed instantaneously to final hydrolysis product TiO2.
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