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EC number: 235-002-2 | CAS number: 12053-27-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
Conclusion on classification
Dichromium nitride is a poorly soluble inorganic substance. In accordance with ECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria (V 5.0, July 2017), “where the compound is sufficiently poorly soluble that the levels dissolved following normal attempts at solubilisation do not exceed the available L(E)C50, it is the rate and extent of transformation, which must be considered.”
The release of chromium in environmental media at pH 6 and 8 was determined in an OECD transformation/dissolution test (Brouwers, 2018) and resulted in dissolved trivalent chromium concentrations that were below the LOD (0.5 microg/L) after 7 and 28 days, respectively. Furthermore, dissolved chromium (VI) was not detected (< LOD of 0.05 microg/L) in any solution (pH 6 and pH 8) at any time.
Acute and chronic aquatic toxicity data of inorganic chromium (III) substances were reviewed and summarised in the CICAD for trivalent chromium substances (WHO, 2009). The therein reported effect concentrations originate from published studies and were generated in aquatic toxicity tests with soluble chromium substances (including chromium (III) chloride, chromium (III) nitrate, and chromium potassium sulfate).
Acute (short-term) aquatic hazard:
Acute aquatic toxicity data of soluble chromium (III) substances are available for three trophic levels (algae, invertebrates and fish).
96-h EC50 values ranging from 0.3 - 0.4 mg chromium(III)/L were reported for the growth and biomass of the freshwater alga (Selenastrum capricornutum) whereas a 96-h EC50 of 2 mg chromium(III)/L based on growth was reported for a marine diatom (Ditylum brightwellii).
The acute LC50 values of 15 freshwater invertebrate species range from 0.1 - 442 mg/L and range from 10 to 100 mg/L for five marine invertebrates.
The 96-h LC50 values of 12 freshwater fish species range from 3.3 - 151 mg/L and for two marine species from 31.5 – 53 mg/L.
In accordance withECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria (V 5.0, July 2017), “A poorly soluble substance is evaluated for classification by comparing the dissolved metal ion level resulting from the TDp at 7d, at a loading rate of 1 mg/l with the acute ERV as determined for the (soluble) metal ion.”
The release of chromium from dichromium nitride at a loading of 1 mg/L at pH 6 and pH 8 after 7 days results in concentrations < 0.5 microgdissolved Cr/L and are thus well below the lowest acute effect concentration (0.1 mg/L) reported by WHO (2009). The dissolution level of the poorly soluble metal compound from the 7/d T/Dp at 1 mg loading for both pH levels is lower than the acute ERV of the soluble metal ion, thereby not resulting in an acute classification.
Thus, in accordance with Figure IV.4 “Classification strategy for determining acute aquatic hazard for metal compounds” of ECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria (V 5.0, July 2017) and section 4.1.2.10.2. of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, classification for acute (short-term) aquatic hazard is not required for dichromium nitride.
Long-term (chronic) aquatic hazard:
Chronic aquatic toxicity data of soluble chromium (III) substances are available for two trophic levels (invertebrates and fish).
A NOEC/EC10 was not reported for algae or aquatic plants. However, based on short-term LC/EC50 values, algae do not appear to be the most sensitive taxonomic group. A 14- to 21-d EC50 (biomass) of 0.6. mg/L was reported for Selenastrum capricornutum.
A 21-d (NOEC) (reproduction) of 0.7 mg/L and two NOEC (life cycle) values of 0.047 mg/L and 0.129 mg/L were reported for Daphnia magna whereas a 293-d NOEC (behaviour and reproduction) of 50.4 mg/L is listed for the (marine) polychaete (Neanthes arenaceodentata). The 72-d NOEC (survival) of 0.05 mg/L was derived for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (WHO, 2009).
The release of chromium from dichromium nitride at a loading of 1 mg/L at pH 6 and pH 8 after 28 days results in concentrations < 0.5 microg dissolved Cr/L and are thus well below the lowest chronic effect concentration (0.047 mg/L) reported by WHO (2009). Thus, in accordance with Figure IV.5 „Classification strategy for determining long-term aquatic hazard for metal compounds“ of ECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria (V 5.0, July 2017) and section 4.1.2.10.2. of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, classification for long-term (acute) aquatic hazard is not required for dichromium nitride.
The conclusion on a lack of an aquatic hazard potential of dichromium nitride is in accordance with a Tier 2 assessment (using T/Dp data) performed with MECLAS version 4.5 (http://www.meclas.eu/accessed on 14.05.2018). The Metals Classification Tool (MECLAS) is a web enabled classification tool always updated to the latest classification guidance, legal ruling, information on toxicity references and available self-classifications.
In sum, it can safely be assumed that dichromium nitride does not meet classification criteria of an acute or long-term aquatic hazardof Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Reference:
WHO (2009): Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 76 (CICAD). Inorganic chromium(III) compounds (evaluation), International Programme of Chemical Safety (IPCS), WHO, Geneva.
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