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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 225-193-0 | CAS number: 4707-47-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2 500 µg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 2 500 µg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Value is NOEC
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor as duration not relevant for skin sensitisation
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No difference in metabolic rate has to be included for sensitisers as it is the parent substance which causes the sensitization.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- A reliable HRIPT test, carried out with 10% substance and using 100 subjects, can be used to adjust the AF for intraspecies differences because the healthy subjects in this test are similar susceptible compared to workers. In addition, the 10% concentration can be converted into a dose of 8000 ug/cm2 (0.2 ml on 25 mm2 human skin in a 10% solution) and exceeds the dose in the LLNA.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Reliable studies used
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
In deriving the DNELs for hazard identification for inhalation and the dermal route of exposure mostly ECHA's guidance is used, which is generally conservative by using default values in absence of data outside the requirements of REACH regulation Annex VII to Annex XI. In addition, the used assessment factors used have been adequately documented. For inter and intraspecies assessment factors have been used which were conducted to be scientifically sound by ECETOC (TR 110, 2010) and which are based on a thorough review of the scientific literature. Therefore the DNELs for all human health endpoints relevant for workers are considered sufficiently conservative to be used in risk characterization.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 250 µg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 2
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 250 µg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- In the LLNA test an EC3 of 19% and a NOEC of 10% is derived. The starting point for the DNEL derivation is this NOEC. The conversion from the NOEC to the ug/cm2 results in 2500 ug/cm2 (25ul on 1cm is 25000 ug/cm2*0.1 (fraction of the substance in the test solution).
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor as duration not relevant for skin sensitisation
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No difference in metabolic rate has to be included for sensitisers as it is the parent substance which causes the sensitisation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining differences
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 2
- Justification:
- A reliable HRIPT test, carried out with 10% substance and using 100 subjects, can be used to adjust the AF for intraspecies differences because the healthy subjects in this test are similar susceptible compared to workers. In addition, the 10% concentration can be converted into a dose of 8000 ug/cm2 (0.2 ml on 25 mm2 human skin in a 10% solution) and exceeds the dose in the LLNA.
The general population is expected to be twice as sensitive as workers (ECHA guidance) and therefore a factor of two is used for intraspecies differences. - AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Reliable studies used
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
In deriving the DNELs for hazard identification for inhalation, dermal route and oral exposure mostly ECHA's guidance is used, which is generally conservative by using default values in absence of data outside the requirements of REACH regulation Annex VII to Annex XI. In addition, the used assessment factors used have been adequately documented. For inter and intraspecies assessment factors have been used which were conducted to be scientifically sound by ECETOC (TR 110, 2010) and which are based on a thorough review of the scientific literature. Therefore the DNELs for all human health endpoints relevant for the general population are considered sufficiently conservative to be used in risk characterization.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.