1,3-dichloropropane

Guidance on Safe Use

First-aid measures

- General advice:

Whilst protecting yourself remove the casualty from the hazardous area and take him to the fresh air.

- Following inhalation:

Whilst protecting yourself remove the casualty from the hazardous area and take him to the fresh air.

Lay the casualty down in a quiet place and protect him against hypothermia.

Arrange medical treatment.

In the case of breathing difficulties have the casualty inhale oxygen.

If the casualty is unconscious but breathing lay him in a stable manner on his side.

If the casualty has stopped breathing give mouth to nose resuscitation. If this is not possible use mouth to mouth resuscitation. Keep his respiratory tract clear.

In the case of cardiac arrest (lack of heart beat or pulse) immediately apply heart lung resuscitation. The protection of the vital functions (heartbeat and respiration without assistance) takes priority over every other activity.

- Following skin contact:

Whilst protecting yourself, relocate the casualty away from the source of danger.

Remove contaminated clothing while protecting yourself.

Rinse the affected skin areas for at least 10 to 20 minutes under running water.

Cleanse the affected skin areas thoroughly with soap under running water.

After contact with large areas and/or in case of irritative reactions:

Arrange for medical treatment.

- Following eye contact:

Rinse the affected eye with widely spread lids for 10 minutes under running water whilst protecting the unimpaired eye.

Arrange medical treatment.

- Following ingestion:

Rinse the mouth and spit the fluids out.

Lay the casualty down in a quiet place and protect him against hypothermia.

Do not make the casualty vomit.

Under no circumstances apply cooking oil, castor oil, milk or alcohol

Arrange medical treatment.

In case of spontaneous vomiting, to avoid aspiration keep the patient in a prone position or at least in lateral position with the head lower than the feet.

- Most important symptoms and effects: Information for physicians:

1,3-DCP showed moderate acute toxicity in animal experiments.

High doses/concentrations triggered pronounced narcotic effects.

Further effects, including the irritative potential, are insufficiently examined.

Symptoms of acute toxicity:

Eyes: Burning sensation, pain, reddening, probably rapidly reversible;

Skin: Short contact entails weak irritations, the occurrence of systemic effects after mere skin contact is hardly probable, but the wetting of large areas due to the volatility bears the additional risk of inhalation.

Inhalation: Irritation of the respiratory tract by high vapour concentrations (urge to cough);  narcotic effects including the risk of respiratory disorders, arrhythmia, possibly further systemic effects are certainly the major symptoms, and extreme cases can involve lung damage

Ingestion: Probably only minor irritations of the contacted mucosae, strong gastrointestinal complaints (nausea, sick feeling, abdominal pain), vomiting involves an aspiration risk; rapidly occurring resorptive effects

Resorption: CNS disorders (vertigo, nausea, headache, drowsiness to loss of consciousness, coma), risk of cardiovascular reactions (arrhythmia), respiratory dysfunctions, dysfunctions/damage to the liver and kidneys, failure of coagulation factors

After eye contact with the liquid, the patient should be examined by a specialist following thorough rinsing. [22]

Thoroughly clean contaminated skin with plenty of soap and water.

Replenishment of the skin can be helpful to treat perceived skin irritations.

Exposures of very large areas must be expected to involve simultaneous exposure to the vapours; a monitoring with regard to systemic effects might become necessary. [8088, 99999]

Inhalation of high vapour concentrations requires subsequent control/maintenance of the vital functions, the respiratory tract must be kept clear, intubation and ventilation as required.

Further treatment must be performed according to the symptoms; if necessary, all measures of lung oedema prophylaxis must also be carried out. [8088, 22]

After oral intake of the substance vomiting should be avoided due to the extreme aspiration risk. [2001]

The ingestion of high doses requires rapid stomach emptying via a gavage (under intubation) and the administration of activated charcoal. [8088]

The suitability of activated charcoal for the binding of pollutants was confirmed for similar hydrogen chlorides. [99997]

Further therapy depends on the symptoms.

Cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation measures might soon be required. Care should be taken with the application of sympathomimetics, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline (due to possible cardiac interactions).

Ventricular fibrillation can be treated with diazepam.

The crucial parameters to be monitored in hospital include the cardiovascular and lung functions, the blood gases, the blood count (coagulation parameters), the water and electrolyte status, the liver and kidney functions.

Threatening cases require kidney and liver protection therapies.

Performance of an EEG might be required.

During the treatment caution is particularly recommended with regard to the administration of pharmaceuticals that might support possible hepatotoxic effects or inhibit the elimination of the pollutants.

Fire-fighting measures

Classes of fires:

B       liquid or melting substances

- Suitable extinguishing media:

Foam

Dry extinguishing powder

Carbon dioxide

Fight large fire with water spray.

Instructions:

Cool surrounding containers with water spray.

If possible, take container out of dangerous zone.

Heating causes a rise in pressure, risk of bursting and explosion.

Shut off sources of ignition.

- Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:

Beware of backfire.

Use only explosion proved equipment.

Do not allow runoff to get into the sewage system.

Special protective equipment:

In the case of a fire hazardous substances can be released.

Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide

Hydrogen chloride

Phosgene

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and special tightly sealed suit.

Accidental release measures

- Personal precautions:

Wear respiratory protection, eye protection, hand protection and body protection (see chapter Personal Protection).

- Protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Shut off all sources of ignition. Use non-sparking tools.

Evacuate area. Warn affected surroundings.

- Environmental precautions:

Distinct hazard to waters. Prevent penetration into water, drainage, sewer, or the ground. Inform the responsible authorities about penetration of larger quantities.

- Methods and material for containment and cleaning up: Absorb any spilt liquid with an absorbent (e.g. diatomite, vermiculite, sand) and dispose of according to regulations.

Use non-sparking tools.

Afterwards ventilate area and wash spill site.

Handling and storage

Workplace:

Provision of very good ventilation in the working area.

The floor must be solvent resistant.

The floor should not have a floor drain.

Washing facility at the workplace required.

When handling excessive amounts of the substance an emergency shower is required.

Equipment:

Use only closed apparatus.

If release of the substance cannot be prevented, then it should be suctioned off at the point of exit.

Consider emission limit values, a purification of waste gases if necessary.

Label containers and pipelines clearly.

Unsuitable materials:

Polyethylene PE

rubber

light metals

Advice on safer handling:

Take care to maintain clean working place.

The substance must not be present at workplaces in quantities above that required for work to be progressed.

Do not leave container open.

Use leak-proof equipment with exhaust for refilling or transfer.

Do not transport with/using compressed air.

Avoid splashing.

Fill only into labelled container.

Use solvent resistant utensils.

Prevent seepage into flooring (use of a steel tub).

Use an appropriate exterior vessel when transporting in fragile containers.

Cleaning and maintenance:

Use protective equipment while cleaning if necessary.

Only conduct maintenance and other work on or in the vessel or closed spaces after obtaining written permission.

TECHNICAL MEASURES - STORAGE

Storage:

Do not use any food containers - risk of mistake.

Containers have to be labelled clearly and permanently.

Store in the original container as much as possible.

Use breakable containers only up to 5 litres content.

Keep container tightly closed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place.

Store smaller vessels in cabinets with collecting tubs.

Install sufficiently large collection rooms (depressions, walls, or stable freestanding walls).

The maximum permissible stored quantities are to be found in the Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe "Lagerung von Gefahrstoffen in ortsbeweglichen Behältern" (TRGS 510).

Storage is not permissible in hallways, thoroughfare, stairways, public hallways and corridors, on the roof, in attics, and in workrooms.

Conditions of collocated storage:

Storage class 3 (Flammable liquid substances)

Only substances of the same storage class should be stored together.

Collocated storage with the following substances is prohibited:

- Pharmaceuticals, foods, and animal feeds including additives.

- Infectious, radioactive und explosive substances.

- Gases.

- Other explosive substances of storage class 4.1A.

- Flammable solid substances or desensitized substances of storage class 4.1B.

- Pyrophoric substances.

- Substances liberating flammable gases in contact with water.

- Strongly oxidizing substances of storage class 5.1A.

- Ammonium nitrate and preparations containing ammonium nitrate.

- Organic peroxides and self reactive substances.

- Non combustible acutely toxic substances of storage class 6.1B.

Under certain conditions the collocated storage with the following sub-stances is permitted (For more details see TRGS 510):

- Oxidizing substances of storage class 5.1B.

- Noncombustible toxic or chronically acting substances of storage class 6.1D.

- Combustible solids of storage class 11.

The substance should not be stored with substances with which ha-zardous chemical reactions are possible.

Transport information

Land transport (UN RTDG/ADR/RID)

UN number:

UN 1993

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Flammable liquid, n.o.s.

Labels:

3

Special provisions / remarks

Special provisions:

Transports in bulk or in tanks: passage forbidden through tunnels of category D and E.

Inland waterway transport (UN RTDG/ADN(R))

UN number:

UN 1993

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Flammable liquid, n.o.s.

Remarks

Marine transport (UN RTDG/IMDG)

UN number:

UN 1993

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Flammable liquid, n.o.s.

Marine pollutant

Remarks

Air transport (UN RTDG/ICAO/IATA)

UN number:

UN 1993

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Flammable liquid, n.o.s.

Remarks

Additional transport information

Additional information

Special provisions / remarks / other:

IMO Pollution category D

Exposure controls / personal protection

Body protection:

Depending on the risk, wear a tight protective clothing or a suitable chemical protection suit.

Wear flameproof, antistatic protective clothing.

The protection clothing should be solvent resistant.

Respiratory protection:

In an emergency (e.g.: unintentional release of the substance) respiratory protection must be worn. Consider the maximum period for wear.

Respiratory protection: Gas filter A, Colour code brown.

Use insulating device for concentrations above the usage limits for filter devices, for oxygen concentrations below 17% volume, or in circumstances which are unclear.

Eye protection:

Sufficient eye protection must be worn.

Wear glasses with side protection.

Hand protection:

Use protective gloves. The glove material must be sufficiently impermeable and resistant to the substance. Check the tightness before wear. Gloves should be well cleaned before being removed, then stored in a well ventilated location. Pay attention to skin care.

Skin protection cremes do not protect sufficiently against the substance.

The following materials are suitable for protective gloves (Permeation time >= 8 hours):

Fluoro carbon rubber - FKM (0,4 mm)

Following materials are unsuitable for protective gloves because of degradation, severe swelling or low permeation time:

Natural rubber/Natural latex - NR

Polychloroprene - CR

Nitrile rubber/Nitrile latex - NBR

Butyl rubber - Butyl

Polyvinyl chloride - PVC

The times listed are suggested by measurements taken at 22 °C and constant contact. Temperatures raised by warmed substances, body heat, etc. and a weakening of the effective layer thickness caused by expansion can lead to a significantly shorter breakthrough time. In case of doubt contact the gloves' manufacturer. A 1.5-times increase / decrease in the layer thickness doubles / halves the breakthrough time. This data only applies to the pure substance. Transferred to mixtures of substances, these figures should only be taken as an aid to orientation.

Stability and reactivity

1. Reactivity

: Flammable liquid. Vapours may form explosive mixtures with air when the substance is heated above its flash point.

2. Chemical stability

:

3. Possibility of hazardous reactions

:

4. Conditions to avoid

5. Incompatible materials

6. Hazardous decomposition products

Disposal considerations

Hazardous waste according to Waste Catalogue Ordinance (AVV).

If there is no way of recycling it must be disposed of in compliance with the respective national and local regulations.

Collection of small amounts of substance:

Place in a collection container for halogen-containing organic solvents and solutions of halogen-containing organic substances. Do not use containers made of aluminium!

Collection vessels must be clearly labelled with a systematic description of their contents. Store the vessels in a well-ventilated location. Entrust them to the appropriate authorities for disposal.