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EC number: 845-262-4 | CAS number: 1809816-36-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
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- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
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- Dissociation constant
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- Endpoint summary
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
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- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Exposure related observations in humans
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- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020-02-21 to 2020-06-19
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 020
- Report date:
- 2020
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 21 July 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- (2R)-3-amino-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-1-{5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]pyridin-2-yl}propan-2-ol; (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
- EC Number:
- 845-262-4
- Cas Number:
- 1809816-36-1
- Molecular formula:
- C22H17F7N2O2 . C4H6O6
- IUPAC Name:
- (2R)-3-amino-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-1-{5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]pyridin-2-yl}propan-2-ol; (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- - CAS: 1809816-36-1
- Content (q-NMR): 99.9% w/w
- Content (HPLC): 99.5% area
- Appearance: White solid
- Storage conditions: Ambient temperature (10 °C to 30 °C)
- Expiry date: December 2020
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: The test item was suspended in DMSO and diluted prior to treatment. The solvent was compatible with the survival of the bacteria and the S9 activity.
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine locus
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- CELLS USED
- Source of cells:
MOLTOX, INC., NC 28607, USA (TA98 and TA1535), Xenometrix AG, Switzerland (TA100 and TA1537)
MEDIA USED
- Type and identity of media: Nutrient medium: 8 g Nutrient Broth and 5 g NaCl per litre, plus 125 µL ampicillin (10 mg/mL) for TA98, TA100); Agar Plates: Vogel-Bonner Medium E agar plates contain per litre 15 g Agar Agar, 20 mL Vogel-Bonner salts and 50 mL glucose solution (40%); Overlay Agar: The overlay agar contains per litre: 7.0 g Agar Agar, 6.0 g NaCl, 10.5 mg L-histidine x HCl x H20 and 12.2 mg biotin. - Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A pKM 101
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- CELLS USED
- Source of cells: MOLTOX, INC., NC 28607, USA
MEDIA USED
- Type and identity of media: Luria Bertani: 10 g tryptone 10 g NaCl and 5 g yeast extract per litre, plus 125 µL ampicillin (10 mg/mL); Agar Plates: Vogel-Bonner Medium E agar plates contain per litre 15 g Agar Agar, 20 mL Vogel-Bonner salts and 50 mL glucose solution (40%); Overlay Agar: The overlay agar contains per litre: 7.0 g Agar Agar, 6.0 g NaCl, 10.2 mg tryptophan. - Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Mammalian liver microsomal fraction S9 mix.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- The test item concentrations to be applied in the main experiments were chosen according to the results of the pre-experiment (see box "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"; Results: see box "Any other information on results incl. tables", Table 2). Two independent main experiments were performed with the following concentrations:
Experiment I:
with and without metabolic ativation: 0.316, 1.00, 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100, 316 and 1000 µg/plate (all tester strains except TA98 (with))
TA98, with metabolic activation: 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100, 316, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment II:
with and without metabolic ativation: 0.316, 1.00, 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100 and 316 µg/plate (all Salmonella strains)
E. coli WP2 uvrA, with and without metabolic activation: 1.00, 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100, 316 and 1000 µg/plate - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO (AppliChem Lot No. 0001760192, 0001731257, 0001603375)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: The solvent was compatible with the survival of the bacteria and the S9 activity.
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- purified water
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- S. typhimurium: TA100, TA1535 (10 µg/plate),without S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- purified water
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 4-NOPD; 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine
- Remarks:
- S. typhimurium: TA98, TA1537 (10 μg/plate for TA98, 40 μg/plate for TA1537), without S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- purified water
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Remarks:
- E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM 101) (1 μL/plate), without S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- purified water
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- DMSO
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-AA; 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- S. typhimurium: TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM 101) (2.5 μg/plate; 10 μg/plate for E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM 101)), with metabolic activation
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration (single, duplicate, triplicate): triplicate
- Number of independent experiments: two
METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
in agar (plate incorporation, Experiment I), pre-incubation (Experiment II)
EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE
- Experiment I:
For the plate incorporation method the following materials were mixed in a test tube and poured over the surface of a minimal agar plate: 100 μL test solution at each dose level, solvent control, negative control or reference mutagen solution (positive control), 500 μL S9 mix (for testing with metabolic activation) or S9 mix substitution buffer (for testing without metabolic activation), 100 μL Bacteria suspension, 2000 μL Overlay agar.
- Experiment II:
For the pre-incubation method 100 µL of the test solution was pre-incubated with the tester strains (100 µL) and sterile buffer or the metabolic activation system (500 µL) for 60 min at 37 °C prior to adding the overlay agar (2000 µL) and pouring onto the surface of a minimal agar plate.
DURATION
- Pre-incubation period (Experiment II): 60 min at 37 °C
- Exposure duration: 48 h in the dark at 37 °C
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY
Cytotoxicity is considered either as a clearing or diminution of the background lawn (indicated as "N" or "B", respectively in the result tables) or a reduction in the number of revertants down to a mutation factor of approximately ≤ 0.5 in relation to the solvent control.
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF GENOTOXICIY
The Mutation Factor is calculated by dividing the mean value of the revertant counts by the mean values of the solvent control (the exact and not the rounded values are used for calculation).
A test item is considered as mutagenic if:
- a clear and dose-related increase in the number of revertant occurs and/or
- a biologically relevant positive response for at least one of the dose groups occurs.
A biologically relevant increase is described as follows:
- if in tester strains TA98, TA100 and and E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM 101) the number of reversions is at least twice as high
- if in tester strains TA1535 and TA1537 the number of reversions is at least three times higher than the reversion rate of the solvent control. - Evaluation criteria:
- A test is considered acceptable if for each strain:
- the bacteria demonstrate their typical responses to ampicillin (TA98, TA100, E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM 101))
- the negative control plates (A. dest.) with and without S9 mix are within the following ranges (mean values of the spontaneous reversion frequency are within the historical control data range (2017 - 2019, except for E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM 101) for this tester strain the period was December 2019 to February 2020) (see box “Any other information on material and methods incl. tables”, Table 1)
- corresponding background growth on negative control, solvent control and test plates is observed
- the positive controls show a distinct enhancement of revertant rates over the control plate
- at least five different concentrations of each tester strain are analysable. - Statistics:
- According to OECD guidelines, the biological relevance of the results is the criterion for the interpretation of results, a statistical evaluation of the results is not regarded as necessary.
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A pKM 101
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- In two independent experiments several concentrations of the test item were used. Each assay was conducted with and without metabolic activation. The concentrations, including the controls, were tested in triplicate. No precipitation of the test item was observed in any tester strain used in experiments I and II (with and without metabolic activation), with the exception of a finding at a concentration of 5000 µg/plate, if tested.
Cytotoxic effects of the test item were noted in all tester strains evaluated in experiments I and II. In experiment I cytotoxic effects of the test item were observed in tester strains TA98 and TA1535 at concentrations of 31.6 µg/plate and higher (without metabolic activation) and at concentrations of 316 µg/plate and higher (with metabolic activation). In tester strain TA100 cytotoxic effects of the test item were noted at concentrations of 31.6 µg/plate and higher (without metabolic activation) and at concentrations of 100 µg/plate and higher (with metabolic activation). In tester strain TA1537 cytotoxic effects of the test item were observed at concentrations of 100 µg/plate and higher (without metabolic activation) and at concentrations of 316 µg/plate and higher (with metabolic activation). In tester strain WP2 uvrA (pKM 101) cytotoxic effects of the test item were noted at concentrations of 316 µg/plate and higher (with and without metabolic activation).
In experiment II cytotoxic effects of the test item were noted in tester strain TA98, at concentrations of 31.6 µg/plate and higher (without metabolic activation) and at a concentration of 316 µg/plate (with metabolic activation). In tester strains TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 cytotoxic effects of the test item were seen at concentrations of 31.6 µg/plate and higher (without metabolic activation) and at concentrations of 100 µg/plate and higher (with metabolic activation). In tester strain WP2 uvrA (pKM 101) cytotoxic effects of the test item were observed at concentrations of 100 µg/plate and higher (without metabolic activation) and at concentrations of 316 µg/plate and higher (with metabolic activation).
No biologically relevant increases in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains were observed following treatment with (R)-3-Amino-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-1-(5-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-ol L-tartrate at any concentration level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation in experiment I and II.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Results of the pre-experiment:
Table 2: Results of the pre-experiment
Substance |
Dose (µg/plate) |
TA98 |
TA100 |
||||||
Mutation Factor [toxicity]* |
Mutation Factor [toxicity]* |
||||||||
without S9 |
with S9 |
without S9 |
with S9 |
||||||
Solvent Control (DMSO) |
|
1.0 |
|
1.0 |
|
1.0 |
|
1.0 |
|
4-NOPD |
10.0 |
9.4 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
NaN3 |
10.0 |
- |
|
- |
|
4.1 |
|
- |
|
2-AA |
2.50 |
- |
|
74.6 |
|
- |
|
16.4 |
|
Test Item |
3.16 |
1.3 |
|
1.7 |
|
1.2 |
|
1.0 |
|
10.0 |
1.1 |
|
1.2 |
|
1.2 |
|
1.0 |
|
|
31.6 |
0.9 |
|
1.1 |
|
0.9 |
|
1.1 |
|
|
100 |
0.5 |
[B] |
1.5 |
|
0.2 |
[B] |
0.9 |
|
|
316 |
0.0 |
[B, N] |
0.4 |
[B] |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[B] |
|
1000 |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[N] |
|
2500 |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[N] |
|
5000 |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[N] |
0.0 |
[N] |
B = Background lawn reduced; N = No background lawn
*Mutation factor= mean revertants (test item, negative or positive control)/ mean revertants (solvent control)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the experimental conditions reported, (R)-3-Amino-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-1-(5-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl) pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-ol L-tartrate did not cause gene mutations in an Ames Test conducted according to OECD 471. Therefore, the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in this bacterial reverse gene mutation assay.
- Executive summary:
In a bacterial reverse gene mutation assay conducted according to OECD guideline 471, S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and tester strain E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM 101) were exposed to (R)-3-Amino-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-1-(5-(4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl) pyridin-2-yl)propan-2-ol L-tartrate (99.5% purity) in DMSO at the following concentrations in the presence and absence of mammalian metabolic activation:
Experiment I: 0.316, 1.00, 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100, 316 and 1000 µg/plate (all tester strains except TA98 (with metabolic activation)); 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100, 316, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate (only tester strain TA98 (with metabolic activation))
Experiment II: 0.316, 1.00, 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100 and 316 µg/plate (all Salmonella strains); 1.00, 3.16, 10.0, 31.6, 100, 316 and 1000 µg/plate (E. coli WP2 uvrA (pKM 101))
No precipitation of the test item was observed in any tester strain used in experiment I and II (with and without metabolic activation), with one exception: precipitation of the test item was observed in experiment I in tester strain TA98 at a concentration of 5000 µg/plate (with metabolic activation). The observed precipitation did not interfere with the scoring; thus, it did not impact the results. Cytotoxic effects of the test item were noted in all tester strains evaluated in experiment I and II. No biologically relevant increases in revertant colony numbers of any of the five tester strains were observed following treatment with the test item at any concentration level, neither in the presence nor absence of metabolic activation in experiment I and II. The positive controls induced the appropriate responses in the corresponding strains showing the validity of the results. Based on the results, the test item is considered to be non-mutagenic in the bacterial reverse gene mutation assay.
This study is classified as acceptable. This study satisfies the requirement for Test Guideline OPPTS 870.5100; OECD 471 for in vitro mutagenicity (bacterial reverse gene mutation) data.
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