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EC number: 231-768-7 | CAS number: 7723-14-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: other routes
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: other routes
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Biochemistry, histopathology and treatment of phosphorus burns. An experimental study
- Author:
- Ben-Hur N & Appelbaum J
- Year:
- 1 973
- Bibliographic source:
- Isr J Med Sci 9: 40-48
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study investigated the systemic effects caused by acute phosphorus burns, only target organs were evaluated.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Phosphorus
- EC Number:
- 231-768-7
- EC Name:
- Phosphorus
- Cas Number:
- 7723-14-0
- Molecular formula:
- P
- IUPAC Name:
- phosphorus
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- Elemental phosphorus is often referred to as yellow phsophorus
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- The animals were male rats weighing 250 g. Rats were housed in metabolic cages during the experiment.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: intradermal burns
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- Rats were anaesthetised with pentobarbital sodium i.p. then 25 mg of white phosphorus was introduced into the inguinal region by means of a 1.5 cm incision through the epidermis and dermis. The phosphorus was ignited by touching it with hot metal and allowing it to burn for 4 minutes by alternately closing and opening the wound. Following he burn the wound was sutured.
- Doses:
- 25 mg white phosphorus
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 96 rats (divided into 12 groups of 8 all identically treated) exposed to white phosphorus, and 48 rats (divided into 12 groups of 4 rats all indentically treated) were sham-exposed.
- Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- Rats were anaesthetised with pentobarbital sodium i.p. then 25 mg of white phosphorus was introduced into the inguinal region by means of a 1.5 cm incision through the epidermis and dermis. Controls were subject to the same procedure with the exception of the introduction of phosphorus. Urine was collected in the metabolism cages, and blood was collected from the tail vein for urinalysis and blood chemistry. Rats were sacrificed at intervals up to and including 72 hours post-burn for histopathological examination of the kidneys and liver.
- Statistics:
- No information given
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 25 other: mg
- Mortality:
- 50% of the rats died within 3-4 days of receiving the phosphorus burn
- Clinical signs:
- Not reported
- Body weight:
- Not reported
- Gross pathology:
- Not reported
- Other findings:
- In most of the phosphorus treated animals, the burned area began to smoke when the wound was opened. The burn surface was necrotic and yellowish, smelled of garlic for 2 days and glowed in the dark. The wound did not demonstrate any tendency to heal for six days following the burn.
The biochemical changes 72 hours post-burn are shown in Table 1.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Biochemical results taken from all experiments 72 hours after the burn
Parameter |
Control rats |
Rats subjected to phosphorus burns |
Water intake (ml/24 hr) |
15 - 18 |
40 - 50 |
Urinary output (ml/24 hr) |
10 - 12 |
30 - 40 |
Serum phosphorous (mg/100 ml) |
4 - 5 |
9 - 11 |
Serum urea (mg/100 ml) |
10 - 20 |
90 - 110 |
Serum Na (mEq/L) |
135 - 140 |
125 - 130 |
Serum K (mEq/L) |
4 - 5 |
7 - 9 |
SGPT (units/ml) |
9 - 11 |
90 - 110 |
Serum osmolarity (mOsm/L) |
284 - 300 |
340 - 360 |
Urine osmolarity (mOsm/L) |
2000 - 2200 |
680 - 720 |
Creatinine clearance (ml/min) |
1.2 - 1.3 |
0.7 - 0.8 |
The differences between treated and control rats were significant at P < 0.01.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- 50% of the rats died within 3-4 days of receiving the phosphorus burn
- Executive summary:
50% of rats died within 3-4 days of receiving a phosphorus burn. Alterations in serum phosphate, sodium and potassium levels and 72 hours after the burn were throught to correspond to renal failure, further backed up by the high urine output and decrease in creatinine clearance. Histology results were not reported for these animals, although the authors summarise that the burns resulted in primary renal damage followed by functional alterations, diffuse liver changes and severe changes in blood and urine composition. They conclude that early death is likely to be caused by primary renal alterations and cardiac arrest from potassium intoxication.
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