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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 913-635-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Taken from OECD SIDS (Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions)
- Justification for type of information:
- See attached file
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: not mentioned
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- a) Age: 12±12 hr
b) Pretreatment: not discribed
c) Supplier/Source: University of Michigan, USA - Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 610 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- other: reproductive impairment
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC16
- Effect conc.:
- 320 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- other: reproductive impairment
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 920 mg/L
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Conclusions:
- The EC16 (21 days) based on reproductive impairement was determined to be 320 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
In this long-term study on Daphnia magna, no NOEC or EC10 values were determined. The EC16 (21 days) based on reproductive impairement was determined to be 320 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well documented study similar to guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- See attached file
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- data waiving: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Water samples sampled from median depth of the water column.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia pulex
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- n.a.
- Hardness:
- 96.3 +/- 9.9 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 20+/- 0.1 °C
- pH:
- 7.94 +/- 0.24
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.8 +/- 0.3 MG/L
- Salinity:
- 282 - 4 069 µmhos/cm (includes the NaCl). Lowever value likely representative for test medium.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 0.32, 0.45, 0.63, 0.89, 1.26
Measured: <0.006, 0.314, 0.441, 0.625, 0.871, 1.226 - Details on test conditions:
- The following endpoints were monitored:
- Total offspring, Brood size, Aborted Eggs, Body length, Survival
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume:
- Aeration:
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter):
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate):
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1 (for reproduction) 5 or 6 for survivial
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 7 with 1 daphnia, 3 with 5 or 6 daphnia
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): no vehicle control
- Biomass loading rate: no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconsituted
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no data
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hr
- Light intensity: no data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes/no
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations:
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: - Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 314 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 441 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- n.a.
- Conclusions:
- 21 day reproduction NOEC (Daphnia pulex) = 314 mg/L
- Executive summary:
Toxicity of sodium chloride to freshater organisms was tested with bluegill (Lepomis, macrochirus), fathead minnow (pimephales prmelas), an isopod (Lirceus fontinalis), a snail (Physa garina) and with the water flea (Daphnia Pulex). Daphnia pulex was found to be the most sensitive species in the acute toxicity testing and was used for chonic toxicity testing. The 21 day reprodcution NOEC (Daphnia pulex) was determined as 314 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
The following endpoints were investigated: - Total offspring, Brood size, aborted eggs, Body length, Survival.
Lowest NOEC and LOEC were 314 and 441 mg/l, respectively for total offspring,, brood size, and body length.
Description of key information
No experimental data are available to assess the long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride. However, reliable information is available for both calcium chloride and sodium chloride.
The 21-day NOEC value of 314 mg/L for sodium chloride determined on Daphnia pulex was selected as reflecting the long-term toxicity to fish of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 314 mg/L
Additional information
No experimental data are available to assess the long-term toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride to aquatic invertebrates. However, reliable information are available for both calcium chloride and sodium chloride.
For calcium chloride, the effect of the substance towards the reproduction of Daphnia magna was studied following a 21-days exposure period. The methods and test conditions used in the study are fully described, and appear to be scientifically acceptable, although the study was conducted prior to the acceptance of standard guidelines for this type of study. The concentration required for 16% and 50% inhibition of reproduction (EC16 and EC50) was 320 and 610 mg/L, respectively.
For sodium chloride, three relevant studies were identified to evaluate the chronic toxicity of the substance towards aquatic invertebrates. All studies were conducted using water fleas species: Daphnia pulex, Daphnia magna, and Cerodaphnia dubia. In the study by Birge et al. (1985), Daphnia pulex was found to be the most sensitive species. Again, when comparing the results from the three chronic testing with water flea presented in this data set , Daphnia pulex remains the most sensitive species with a NOEC for reproduction (and other endpoints including brood size and body length) of 314 mg/L (LOEC = 441 mg/L). The result is in good agreement with the geometric mean of the NOEC for reproduction calculated from 12 independent 7d exposure with Cerodaphnia dubia (NOEC = 353 mg/L; data not included in this dataset).
Based on the above, the NOEC of sodium chloride (i.e. 314 mg/L) was selected as appropriately reflecting the long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of the reaction mass.
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