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EC number: 942-376-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 30 Jan - 22 Feb 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Staatliches Gewerbeaufsichtsamt Hildesheim, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: control and all test item concentrations
- Sampling method: samples were taken at the start of the exposure (0 hours), after 24, 48 h and at the end of the exposure (72 h); separate replicates were prepared without algae for the test item analysis at the beginning of the test;
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: samples were stored at room temperature - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: stock solution with test item was prepared and stirred for 30 min (1100 rpm, room temperature) with a magnetic stirrer; test item concentrations were performed with the appropriate dilution of the stock solution.
- Controls: yes, test medium control - Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: SAG 61.81
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): four days old preculture, prepared in dilution water, was used as inoculum
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar.
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions: not the same as the test (stock culutres on Z-Agar; Nutrient medium Z according to Lüttge et al. (1994); Light intensity amounted to 2567 - 5130 lux for 24 hours per day. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 0.24 mmol Ca+ Mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 22.0 - 23.0 °C (mean value 22.5 °C)
- pH:
- 8.22 - 9.15 (control)
8.11 - 9.29 (test item concentrations) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Control, 0.240, 0.427, 0.759, 1.35 and 2.40 mg/L
Control, 0.0130, 0.0494, 0.0970, 0.196 and 0.499 mg/L (based on time weigted average) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel:
- Type: closed (volatile substance)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Sterile headspace flasks, volume: 59 mL, with aluminium tops with PTFE seals
- Agitation: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at approximately 70 rpm
- Initial cells density: approx 5 x 10 E+03 - 10 E+04 cells/mL (nominal) and 6839 cells/mL (current)
- Control end cells density: 383255 cells/mL (mean)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD TG 201 medium additional compounds were added to enable sufficient growth under conditions without headspace
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH-values at the start of exposure were measured in one additional replicate; at the end of exposure, the pH-values were measured from pooled samples; room temperature was measured continuously; light intensity was measured prior to the start of exposure
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 24 hours/day light
- Light intensity and quality: Approximately 4440 to 8880 lux, corresponding to 60 to 120 µE*m-2*s-1, within ± 15% over incubation area
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Fluorometer: Microplate Reader Chameleon V (Hidex) with Software Micro Win 4.41 (Mikrotec Laborsysteme GmbH) fluorescence values were related to cell density values according to a calibration curve
- Chlorophyll measurement: daily via Chlorophyll a-fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 4th root out of 10
Range finding study
- Test concentrations: control, 0.240 and 2.40 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: after 72 the inhibition of growth rate was -5% at 0.240 mg/L and 17% at 2.40 mg/L. The dilution levels of the main test are based on these results. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.449 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.449 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.354 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% Confidence Intervals
- Remarks:
- 0.218 - 0.499 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.196 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: grotwh rate and yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.499 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: growth rate and yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.499 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 0.193 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % Confidence Intervals
- Remarks:
- 0.130 - 0.325 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.137 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % Confidence Intervals
- Remarks:
- 0.0885 - 0.225 mg/L
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Others: Biological and analytical results are summarized within the tables 1 to 5. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - EC50 (72 h): 0.436 mg/L (with headspace)
- EC50 (72 h): 0.811 mg/L (without headspace) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- ECx-values with confidence intervals of growth rate inhibition and for yield inhibition after 72 hours were calculated by sigmoidal dose-response.
NOEC/LOEC was determined by calculation of statistical significance of growth rates and yield. As standard One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's test was used for NOEC/LOEC calculations. When running a One Way Analysis of Variance a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance tests are 0.05. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is alpha=0.05. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The substance was found to inhibit the growth rate of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 h of exposure. The test was conducted according to the OECD guideline 201 (GLP). ErC10- and ErC50-value were found to be 0.354 mg/L and >0.499 mg/L (based on the time weighted average), respectively.
Reference
Table 1: Results of the non-GLP range finding test
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] |
Growth Rate Inhibition [%] |
Yield Inhibition [%] |
2.40 |
17 |
55 |
0.240 |
-5 |
-25 |
Results of the main test
Table 2: Cell Densities
Time weighted average test item concentration |
Replicate |
Cell density [cells/mL] |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
|
1 |
6839 |
10450 |
32845 |
227184 |
0.499 |
2 |
6839 |
13393 |
29679 |
249832 |
|
3 |
6839 |
9747 |
40061 |
226511 |
|
Mean |
6839 |
11197 |
34195 |
234509 |
|
1 |
6839 |
14414 |
65418 |
293078 |
0.196 |
2 |
6839 |
15324 |
61040 |
339777 |
|
3 |
6839 |
13914 |
49992 |
303553 |
|
Mean |
6839 |
14551 |
58817 |
312136 |
|
1 |
6839 |
11992 |
75132 |
419715 |
0.0970 |
2 |
6839 |
15301 |
78345 |
394698 |
|
3 |
6839 |
12077 |
53117 |
295887 |
|
Mean |
6839 |
13123 |
68865 |
370100 |
|
1 |
6839 |
17592 |
87111 |
450497 |
0.0494 |
2 |
6839 |
18303 |
102139 |
484731 |
|
3 |
6839 |
15795 |
91354 |
384866 |
|
Mean |
6839 |
17230 |
93535 |
440031 |
|
1 |
6839 |
17987 |
117401 |
493275 |
0.0130 |
2 |
6839 |
17507 |
90037 |
465507 |
|
3 |
6839 |
16082 |
112274 |
399409 |
|
Mean |
6839 |
17192 |
106571 |
452730 |
|
1 |
6839 |
21686 |
118957 |
414390 |
|
2 |
6839 |
19175 |
115031 |
417374 |
|
3 |
6839 |
20035 |
111145 |
346931 |
Control |
4 |
6839 |
17601 |
112737 |
394113 |
|
5 |
6839 |
16571 |
87251 |
367837 |
|
6 |
6839 |
18362 |
97896 |
358884 |
|
Mean |
6839 |
18905 |
107170 |
383255 |
Table 3: Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).
Time weighted average test item concentration |
Replicate |
Growth rate |
Inhibition of growth rate |
Yield |
Inhibition of yield |
[mg/L] |
No. |
[d-1] |
[%] |
[cells/mL] |
[%] |
|
1 |
1.17 |
13 |
220345 |
41 |
|
2 |
1.20 |
11 |
242993 |
35 |
0.499 |
3 |
1.17 |
13 |
219672 |
42 |
|
Mean |
(+) 1.18 |
12 |
(+) 227670 |
40 |
|
1 |
1.25 |
7 |
286239 |
24 |
|
2 |
1.30 |
3 |
332938 |
12 |
0.196 |
3 |
1.26 |
6 |
296714 |
21 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.27 |
5 |
(-) 305297 |
19 |
|
1 |
1.37 |
-2 |
412876 |
-10 |
|
2 |
1.35 |
-1 |
387859 |
-3 |
0.0970 |
3 |
1.26 |
6 |
289048 |
23 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.33 |
1 |
(-) 363261 |
3 |
|
1 |
1.40 |
-4 |
443658 |
-18 |
|
2 |
1.42 |
-6 |
477892 |
-27 |
0.0494 |
3 |
1.34 |
0 |
378027 |
0 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.39 |
-3 |
(-) 433192 |
-15 |
|
1 |
1.43 |
-6 |
486436 |
-29 |
|
2 |
1.41 |
-5 |
458668 |
-22 |
0.0130 |
3 |
1.36 |
-1 |
392570 |
-4 |
|
Mean |
(-) 1.40 |
-4 |
(-) 445891 |
18 |
|
1 |
1.37 |
|
407551 |
|
|
2 |
1.37 |
|
410535 |
|
|
3 |
1.31 |
|
340092 |
|
Control |
4 |
1.35 |
|
387274 |
|
|
5 |
1.33 |
|
360998 |
|
|
6 |
1.32 |
|
352045 |
|
|
Mean |
1.34 |
|
376416 |
|
negative inhibition = increase of growth
Table 4: Measured Concentrations and Percentage of the Nominal Concentration of the test item in Fresh Medium (0 hours) to Old Medium (72 hours)
Sampling date |
2017-02-14 0h |
2017-02-15 24 h |
2017-02-16 48 h |
2017-02-17 72 h |
2017-02-17 72 h |
|||||
Start of analysis |
2017-02-14 (Start of the exposure) (with algae) |
2017-02-15 (with algae) |
2017-02-16 (with algae) |
2017-02-17 (End of the exposure) (with algae) |
2017-02-17 (without algae) |
|||||
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] |
Test Item |
|||||||||
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
Meas. conc. [mg/L] |
[%] |
|
2.40 |
1.44 |
60 |
1.20 |
50 |
0.371 |
15 |
0.0538 |
2 |
0.328 2) |
14 |
1.35 |
0.863 |
64 |
0.659 |
49 |
0.145 |
11 |
0.00728 |
1 |
0.167 |
12 |
0.759 |
0.460 |
61 |
0.465 |
61 |
0.0748 |
10 |
|
< LOQ |
0.0933 |
12 |
0.427 |
0.246 |
58 |
0.224 |
52 |
0.0281 |
7 |
|
< LOQ |
0.0750 2) |
18 |
0.240 |
0.123 |
51 |
0.107 |
44 |
|
< LOQ 1) |
|
< LOQ |
0.0335 |
14 |
Control |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
Meas. conc. = Measured concentration of the test item (dilution factor taken into account), mean value of two injections
% = Percent of the nominal concentration of the test item
LOQ = Limit of quantification (3 µg test item /L)
1) = Reanalysed on 2017-02-17
2) = Reanalysed on 2017-02-22
Table 5: Time Weighted Average Mean Measured Test Item Concentrations of the test item
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] |
Time Weighted Average Mean Measured Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
2.40 |
0.499 |
1.35 |
0.196 |
0.759 |
0.0970 |
0.427 |
0.0494 |
0.240 |
0.0130 |
Control |
< LOQ |
LOQ = Limit of quantification (3 µg test item /L)
Description of key information
ErC50 (72 h) > 0.449 mg/L (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, OECD 201, based on time weighted average)
ErC10 (72 h) = 0.354 mg/L (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; OECD 201, based on time weighted average)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.449 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.354 mg/L
Additional information
One experimental study is available investigating the toxicity of the substance to aquatic freshwater algae. The study was conducted according to OECD 201 (GLP) using the freshwater algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. In a static test system, the test organism was exposed to five nominal concentrations of 0.240, 0.427, 0.759, 1.35 and 2.40 mg/L and a control corresponding to time weighted average of 0.0130, 0.0494, 0.0970, 0.196 and 0.499 mg/L. The concentrations of the test item in all test vessels and the control were analytically verified. The measured concentrations in the fresh media (0 h) were in the range of 51 to 64% of the nominal values at all tested concentration levels. The measured concentrations in the old media (72 h) were in the range of 12 to 18% of the nominal values of all concentrations (samples without algae). Therefore, all effect values given are based on the time weighted avergae test item concentrations. The EC50-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were > 0.449 mg/L (TWA). The EC10 values were 0.354 mg/L (TWA) and 0.137 mg/L (TWA) for growth rate and yield, respectively.
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