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EC number: 260-257-1 | CAS number: 56554-53-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 05 Nov 2012 - 12 Feb 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1300 (Daphnid Chronic Toxicity Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.20 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- The Department of Health of the Government of the United Kingdom
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Water samples were taken from the solvent control and the 100% v/v solution (replicates pooled) for quantitative analysis. Samples of the fresh test preparations were taken on Days 0, 5, 12 and 19 and of the old expired test preparations on Days 3, 7, 14 and 21. Samples were stored at approximately -20 °C prior to analysis. Duplicate samples were taken and stored at approximately -20 °C for further analysis if necessary.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: For the purpose of the definitive test the test item was prepared using a preliminary solution in dimethylformamide. An amount of test item (100 mg) was dissolved in dimethylformamide and the volume adjusted to 10 mL to give a 100 mg/10 mL solvent stock solution. An aliquot (200 µL) of the 100mg/10 mL solvent stock solution was dispersed in a final volume of 2 liters of Elendt M7 media with the aid of a magnetic stirrer for 10 minutes to give a 1.0 mg/L stock solution. After stirring, any undissolved test item was removed from the media by filtration using a 0.2 µm Gelman Acrocap filter to give the 100% v/v solution test concentration. Each stock solution and prepared concentration was inverted several times to ensure adequate mixing and homogeneity. The concentration and stability of the test item in the test preparations were verified by chemical analysis on Days 0, 5, 12 and 19 (fresh media) and on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 (old media).
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): Dimethylformamide - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: in-house laboratory culture
- Age: 1st instar, less than 24 hours old
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and Tetramin® flake food suspension
- Amount: 2 to 7 µL algal suspension, 10 to 32 µL flake food suspension; Feeding was at a level of approximately 0.1 to 0.2 mg carbon/daphnid/day, dependent on the age and size of the animals. Equal amounts of food were given to each daphnid.
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
Culture conditions:
Adult Daphnia were maintained in 150 mL glass beakers containing Elendt M7 medium in a temperature controlled room at approximately 20 °C. The lighting cycle was controlled to give a 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness cycle with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods. Each culture was fed daily with a mixture of algal suspension (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and Tetramin® flake food suspension. The diet and diluent water are considered not to contain any contaminant that would affect the integrity or outcome of the study.
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES:
Culture conditions ensured that reproduction was by parthenogenesis. Gravid adults were isolated the day before initiation of the test, such that the young daphnids produced overnight were less than 24 hours old. These young were removed from the cultures and used for testing. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 210 - 288 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 21 °C
- pH:
- 7.2 - 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5.9 - 9.2 mg O2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 100% v/v
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with plastic lids
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150 mL glass flasks, filled with 100 mL test solution
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 3 times per week on Days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17 and 19
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water (Elendt M7 medium) was used for the range-finding and definitive test and was the same as that used to maintain the stock animals.
Reconstituted water (Elendt M7 medium):
Solution Concentration of stock solution (mg/L)
(I) H3BO3 57190
(II) MnCl2 * 4H2O 7210
(III) LiCl 6120
(IV) RbCl 1420
(V) SrCl2 * 6H2O 3040
(VI) NaBr 320
(VII) Na2Mo04 * 2H2O 1260
(VIII) CuCl2 * 2H2O 335
(IX) ZnCl2 260
(X) CoCl2 * 6H2O 200
(XI) KI 65
(XII) Na2SeO3 43.8
(XIII) NH4VO3 11.5
(XIV) Na2EDTA * 2H2O 5000
FeS04 * 7H2O 1991
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods
- Light intensity: 829 to 958 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): live and dead parental and filial Daphnia, and discarded unhatched eggs were counted daily
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: A range of concentrations showed no toxicity at the limit of solubility. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % v/v solution
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- immobilisation
- Remarks on result:
- other: parental generation
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % v/v solution
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: parental generation
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % v/v solution
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: length
- Remarks on result:
- other: parental generation
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % v/v solution
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- immobilisation
- Remarks on result:
- other: parental generation
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 other: % v/v solution
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: parental generation
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 other: % v/v solution
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- immobilisation
- Remarks on result:
- other: parental generation
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 other: % v/v solution
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: parental generation
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For the estimation of the "Lowest Observed Effect Concentration" (LOEC) and the "No Observed Effect Concentration" (NOEC) the numbers of live young produced per adult over the duration of the test for the control, solvent control and 100% v/v solution test group were compared using one way analysis of variance incorporating Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance (Sokal and Rohlf 1981) and the Williams test for differences between treatment means when several dose levels are compared with a zero dose control (Williams 1971). Results from the control, solvent control and 100% v/v solution test group Daphnia length data, determined for the surviving daphnids on termination of the test, were compared using one way analysis of variance incorporating Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance (Sokal and Rohlf 1981) and Dunnett's multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control (Dunnett 1955). All statistical analyses were performed using the SAS computer software package (SAS 1999 - 2001).
Reference
Effects on the Filial Generation (Fi):
Information on the effects of the test item on the Fi generation is limited, since, by study design, the young are removed soon after liberation from the brood pouch. However, an assessment made at each media renewal showed the "filial" daphnids produced by the 100% v/v solution test group were in the same general condition as the young produced by the solvent controls over the duration of the test. Young were first produced in the solvent control test group on Day 9 of the test. There were no unhatched eggs or dead young observed in the test.
Verification of Test Concentrations:
Analysis of the freshly prepared 100% v/v solution on days 0, 5, 12 and 19, and of the old or expired media on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 showed measured concentrations of less than the limit of quantitation calculated to be 0.0039 mg/L. This does not infer that there was no test item in solution, just that the test item which was in solution, was at a concentration of less than 0.0039 mg/L. It was therefore considered justifiable to base the results on nominal concentrations.
Table: Summary of findings following the exposure of Daphnia magna for 21 days
Nominal Concentration (% v/v solution) |
% Survival of P1 |
Number of Live Young |
Number of Dead Young |
Number of Unhatched Eggs |
|||
Total |
Per Female (cumulative) |
Total |
Per Female (cumulative) |
Total |
Per Female (cumulative) |
||
Control |
90 |
1298 |
144 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Solvent Control |
90 |
1366 |
152 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
80 |
1122 |
140 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Description of key information
No effects in the range of water solubility
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
One study investigating the chronic toxicity of propane-1,2,3-triyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate (CAS 56554-53-1) is available (Parr, 2013). The long-term toxicity to Daphnia magna was investigated in a limit test set up according to OECD guideline 211 under semi-static conditions. The exposure period was 21 days. Due to the low water solubility of the test substance (< 0.05 mg/L), the test solution were prepared by dissolving the substance in dimethylformamide. The stock solution was dispersed in Elendt M4 media and undissolved test substance was removed by filtration. The test substance concentration was analytically verified (GC). No effect on parent survival or reproduction rate was observed. At test termination a NOEC (21 d): 100% v/v (nominal) was determined (EC50 (21 d) > 100% v/v (nominal)). Thus, chronic effects of propane-1,2,3-triyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate (CAS 56554-53-1) on aquatic invertebrates are not expected up to the limit of water solubility of the substance.
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