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EC number: 241-409-6 | CAS number: 17372-87-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data is from peer reviewed journal
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed journal
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: refer below principle
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on Staphylococcus aureus of enterotoxigenic strain ATCC 13565.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 100 µg/ml (0.1 mg/ml)
- Sampling method: For the preparation of dye solution, a test portion (approximately 10 mg) was placed in a 10-ml volumetric flask, which was wrapped in aluminum foil, and dissolved by adding aqueous sodium hydroxide (approx. 0.4% NaOH) (1 ml) and water (9 ml) (high-pressure liquid chromatography grade). The solution obtained by this procedure were found to be stable for at least 6 months in refrigerator at 4ᵒC. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant):NaOH and water was used as a vehicle. - Test organisms (species):
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Details on inoculum:
- - Laboratory culture: The test organism S. aureus ATCC 13565 was obtained from American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va.
- Method of cultivation: For the study, a 300-µl aliquot of dye solution (1 mg/ml) was mixed with 0.7 ml of BHI and then added to a tube of diluted culture. The tubes were aerated vigorously, and the OD was measured every 45 min to check culture growth. The survival rate was measured by plating serial dilutions of a sample taken during the experiment on BHI plates.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: For inoculum preparation, brain heart infusion broth (BHI) was used. Cultures were incubated shaking (200 rpm) at 37°C. All the experiments were conducted under conditions of standard room illumination (fluorescent ceiling light, Sylvania Octron 4100K) in tubes containing 3 ml of medium. Growth was analyzed by measuring turbidity (absorbance at a wavelength of 660 to 680 nm) with a
spectrophotometer (Spectronic 21D). Experiments were initiated with ̴0.2 ml of inoculum from a fresh culture grown aerobically at an optical density (OD) of ̴1. Colony counts were measured on BHI plates. - Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 250 min
- Post exposure observation period:
- OD was measured every 45 mins to check culture growth.
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- no data
- pH:
- no data
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Test tubes
- Aeration: The tubes containing the test solutions and cultures were aerated vigorously.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 100 µg/ml (0.1 mg/ml) - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 250 min
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth inhibition
- Remarks on result:
- other: The test substance do not have any activity against S. aureus i.e, no difference was observed between the treated test tubes and the control tubes.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- As the test substance do not have any activity against S. aureus i.e, no difference was observed between the treated test tubes and the control tubes, the NOEC value was found to be 100 mg/l.
- Executive summary:
Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onStaphylococcus aureusof enterotoxigenic strain ATCC 13565. For the preparation of dye solution, a test portion (approximately 10 mg) was placed in a 10-ml volumetric flask, which was wrapped in aluminum foil, and dissolved by adding aqueous sodium hydroxide (approx. 0.4% NaOH) (1 ml) and water (9 ml).Inoculum was prepared inbrain heart infusion broth (BHI). Cultures were incubated shaking (200 rpm) at 37°C. All the experiments were conducted under conditions of standard room illumination (fluorescent ceiling light, Sylvania Octron 4100K) in tubes containing 3 ml of medium. Growth was analyzed by measuring turbidity (absorbance at a wavelength of 660 to 680 nm) with a spectrophotometer (Spectronic 21D). Experiments were initiated with ̴0.2 ml of inoculum from a fresh culture grown aerobically at an optical density (OD) of ̴1. Colony counts were measured on BHI plates.
For the study,a 300-µl aliquot of dye solution (1 mg/ml) was mixed with 0.7 ml of BHI and then added to a tube of diluted culture. The tubes were aerated vigorously, and the OD was measured every 45 min to check culture growth. The survival rate was measured by plating serial dilutions of a sample taken during the experiment on BHI plates.
During the study period of 250 mins, OD was measured every 45 mins to check culture growth.Experiment was performed in triplicate on separate days to ascertain reproducibility.As the test substance do not have any activity againstS. aureusi.e, no difference was observed between the treated test tubes and the control tubes, the NOEC value was found to be 100 mg/l.
Reference
Description of key information
Toxicity to microorganism:
Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onStaphylococcus aureusof enterotoxigenic strain ATCC 13565.For the preparation of dye solution, a test portion (approximately 10 mg) was placed in a 10-ml volumetric flask, which was wrapped in aluminum foil, and dissolved by adding aqueous sodium hydroxide (approx. 0.4% NaOH) (1 ml) and water (9 ml).Inoculum was prepared inbrain heart infusion broth (BHI). Cultures were incubated shaking (200 rpm) at 37°C. All the experiments were conducted under conditions of standard room illumination (fluorescent ceiling light, Sylvania Octron 4100K) in tubes containing 3 ml of medium. Growth was analyzed by measuring turbidity (absorbance at a wavelength of 660 to 680 nm) with a spectrophotometer (Spectronic 21D). Experiments were initiated with ̴0.2 ml of inoculum from a fresh culture grown aerobically at an optical density (OD) of ̴1. Colony counts were measured on BHI plates.
For the study,a 300-µl aliquot of dye solution (1 mg/ml) was mixed with 0.7 ml of BHI and then added to a tube of diluted culture. The tubes were aerated vigorously, and the OD was measured every 45 min to check culture growth. The survival rate was measured by plating serial dilutions of a sample taken during the experiment on BHI plates.
During the study period of 250 mins, OD was measured every 45 mins to check culture growth.Experiment was performed in triplicate on separate days to ascertain reproducibility.As the test substance do not have any activity againstS. aureusi.e, no difference was observed between the treated test tubes and the control tubes, the NOEC value was found to be 100 mg/l.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Toxicity to microorganism:
Toxicity of test material was determined based on the data derived from peer reviewed journals ,
In a journal toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onStaphylococcus aureusof enterotoxigenic strain ATCC 13565.For the preparation of dye solution, a test portion (approximately 10 mg) was placed in a 10-ml volumetric flask, which was wrapped in aluminum foil, and dissolved by adding aqueous sodium hydroxide (approx. 0.4% NaOH) (1 ml) and water (9 ml).Inoculum was prepared inbrain heart infusion broth (BHI). Cultures were incubated shaking (200 rpm) at 37°C. All the experiments were conducted under conditions of standard room illumination (fluorescent ceiling light, Sylvania Octron 4100K) in tubes containing 3 ml of medium. Growth was analyzed by measuring turbidity (absorbance at a wavelength of 660 to 680 nm) with a spectrophotometer (Spectronic 21D). Experiments were initiated with ̴0.2 ml of inoculum from a fresh culture grown aerobically at an optical density (OD) of ̴1. Colony counts were measured on BHI plates.
For the study,a 300-µl aliquot of dye solution (1 mg/ml) was mixed with 0.7 ml of BHI and then added to a tube of diluted culture. The tubes were aerated vigorously, and the OD was measured every 45 min to check culture growth. The survival rate was measured by plating serial dilutions of a sample taken during the experiment on BHI plates.
During the study period of 250 mins, OD was measured every 45 mins to check culture growth.Experiment was performed in triplicate on separate days to ascertain reproducibility.As the test substance do not have any activity againstS. aureusi.e, no difference was observed between the treated test tubes and the control tubes, the NOEC value was found to be 100 mg/l.
In another study ,toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onParamecium caudatumfor 20 mins.The test chemical conc. used for the study was 1000 mg/l (0.1%).The test organismParamecium caudatumwas maintained at22°C on 0.15% dried lettuce infusion and fed withAerobacter aerogenes.Food dye (test chemical) of 0.1% conc. was put in a hollow slide glass, and an equal volume of 0.04 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, was added. After 5 to 10Paramecium caudatumwere added, their survival times were measured microscopically. 30 to 40 test organism for each conc. were tested and the mean survival time and the death rate was calculated after 20 mins.
The survival time was defined as the time required until death was observed for each concentration. Death was assumed to have occurred when there was no movement. The death rate was defined as the percentage of deaths observed during 20 min.
The mean survival time of test organismParamecium caudatumwas found to be 457 seconds i.e 7.61667 min. Based on mortality, the EC100 value was reported to be 1000 mg/l.
In a data from peer reviewed journal ,toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted on gram – negative bacteria. Inhibitory activity of test chemical (Eosin Yellowish, Eosin Y)was determined by the traditional agar gel method.The conc. of test chemical used for the study was 0.6918 mg/l (1 µM).
These test organisms were taken from the collection of the Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Budapest, Hungary).The bacteria were maintained on Nutrient Agar (Oxoid CM3) completed with vitamins pyridoxine.HCl, thiamine. HCl, riboflavine and nicotinamide at 1, 10, 1 and 20 mg/l concentrations. Bacterial suspensions for screening were prepared by washing cells with sterile tap water containing 0.3% peptone from slants of 20 h old cultures grown at (21±1)°C.
The culture medium consisted of agar (11 g/l), glucose (5 g/l), peptone (5 g/l), yeast extract (3 g/l), glycerol (2 g/l), Na-β-glycerophosphate.6H2O (0.5 g/l), KH2PO4 (0.5 g/l), Na2HPO4.7H2O (0.5 g/l), KCl (0.25 g/l), MgSO4 (0.15 g/l), CaCl2 (0.15 g/l), FeSO4.5H2O (0.025 g/l), CuSO4.5H2O (0.005 g/l), MnSO4.H2O (0.005 g/l), Ni(NO3)2.6H2O (1 mg/l) and CoCl2.6H2O (1 mg/l), respectively.
A layer of 5 mm depth of inoculated medium was dispensed into Petri dishes of 90 mm diameter. Filter paper discs of 5 mm diameter were impregnated with 1µM solution of test compounds and placed centrally on the surface of the agar plate. Growth inhibition zones were measured after 24 h incubation at 21±1°C.After incubation colony diameters were determined and growth inhibition was calculated in percentage of dye free colony growth.Each determination was run in quadruplicate.As no effect on growth of test bacteriaAgrobacterium radiobacter, Escherichia coli, Erwinia atroseptica, Erwinia herbicola, Erwinia uredovoraandPseudomonas phaseolicolawere observed, the NOEC value was found to be0.6918 mg/l.
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