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EC number: 233-986-8 | CAS number: 10482-56-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - Principle of test:
Test material was evaluated for degradation by cultures derived from coniferous forest soil, diluted and used directly without any prior enrichment.
- Short description of test conditions: see below
- Parameters analysed / observed: see below - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- natural soil
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum: The primary inocula for this study were prepared from extracts of soil samples collected from a coniferous forest (soil A) and mixed hardwood forest (soil B) watersheds at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, N.C.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Soil extracts were prepared by passing soil/water mixtures through a 500-µm sieve, followed by 2 h settling. The resulting supernatants were used as the inoculum. - Initial conc.:
- >= 5 - <= 40 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- test mat. analysis
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: biomass concentration
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Minimal media were prepared in distilled, deionized water and consisted of the following salts (in mg/l): KH2PO4 700, K2HPO4 2000, NH4Cl 150, CaCl2 * 2H2O 15, NaCl 10, FeCl2 * 4H2O 10, MnCl2 * 4H2O 10.
- Test temperature: 23ºC
- pH: 7.1
- Aeration of dilution water: continuous mixing using magnetic stirrers (at approx. 300 rpm)
- Continuous darkness: yes
- Other: The reactor was flushed with pure oxygen and then 1.4 l oxygen saturated minimal medium was added. Undiluted monoterpene was added. After 24 h equilibration, soil A/soil B extract was added to the reactor at 1% (v/v).
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Glass flask (2 l) equipped with two glass/Teflon valves and a septum-sealed port.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 1
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: At regular intervals, duplicate gas and liquid samples were removed and analyzed for test substance and CO2.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 1 control contained sodium azide at a concentration of 2.5 g/l. - Key result
- Parameter:
- other: Maximum degradation rate (mg/L/h)
- Value:
- > 0.1
- Sampling time:
- 94 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Unacclimated soil-A extract
- Details on results:
- The detection of CO2, the increase in biomass concentration and lack of any substantial change in the concentration of terpene in the azide-amended control reactor demonstrated that biodegradation of alpha terpineol took place and that its disappearance was not the result for hydrolysis or any other physicochemical process (e.g., volatilization of the hydrocarbon monoterpenes).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol was readily degraded by cultures derived from forest soils.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study, alpha terpineol was tested at concentrations of 5 -40 mg/L. Forest-soil extract cultures were used as inocula. The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the biomass, concentration of the test material and headspace CO2. The test treatments and control (sodium azide, 2.5 g/L) were measured in duplicates. The lack of any substantial change in alpha terpineol concentration in the azide-amended control reactor demonstrated that disappearance of the test item in the test reactor was not the result of hydrolysis or any other physicochemical process. Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol was readily degraded by cultures derived from forest soils.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1978
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (test duration lower than 28 d)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 2 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Reference substance:
- not specified
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 84.6
- Sampling time:
- 2 wk
- Remarks on result:
- other: Indirect analysis (BOD): 84.6%; Indirect analysis (TOC): 93%; Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study, alpha terpineol was tested at concentrations of 100 mg/L and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 mg/L). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption. At 100 mg/L test concentration, 84.6% degradation (biochemical oxygen demand) was reached in 14 days. Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol was determined to be readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The analogue substance alpha terpineol which shares the same functional groups with the substance L-alpha terpineol also has comparable values for the relevant molecular properties.
See attached the reporting format. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Parameter:
- other: Maximum degradation rate (mg/L/h)
- Value:
- > 0.1
- Sampling time:
- 94 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: Read across from an analogue from which a maximum degradation rate (mg/L/h) was <1 in 94 h in unacclimated soil-A extract
- Details on results:
- The detection of CO2, the increase in biomass concentration and lack of any substantial change in the concentration of terpene in the azide-amended control reactor demonstrated that biodegradation of alpha terpineol took place and that its disappearance was not the result for hydrolysis or any other physicochemical process (e.g., volatilization of the hydrocarbon monoterpenes).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Based on the read-across approach from the analogue alpha terpineol, laevo alpha terpineol can be considered to be readily degraded by cultures derived from forest soils.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study, alpha terpineol was tested at concentrations of 5 -40 mg/L. Forest-soil extract cultures were used as inocula. The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the biomass, concentration of the test material and headspace CO2. The test treatments and control (sodium azide, 2.5 g/L) were measured in duplicates. The lack of any substantial change in alpha terpineol concentration in the azide-amended control reactor demonstrated that disappearance of the test item in the test reactor was not the result of hydrolysis or any other physicochemical process. Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol was readily degraded by cultures derived from forest soils. Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and laevo alpha terpineol can be considered to be readily degraded by cultures derived from forest soils.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The analogue substance alpha terpineol which shares the same functional groups with the substance L-alpha terpineol also has comparable values for the relevant molecular properties.
See attached the reporting format. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 84.6
- Sampling time:
- 2 wk
- Remarks on result:
- other: Read-across from an analogue for which the following results were obtained: Indirect analysis (BOD): 84.6%; Indirect analysis (TOC): 93%; Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Based on the read-across approach from the analogue alpha terpineol, laevo alpha terpineol can be considered ready biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study, alpha terpineol was tested at concentrations of 100 mg/L and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 mg/L). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption. At 100 mg/L test concentration, 84.6% degradation (biochemical oxygen demand) was reached in 14 days. Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol was determined to be readily biodegradable. Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and laevo alpha terpineol can be considered to be readily biodegradable.
Referenceopen allclose all
Experiment/ compound |
Reactor type |
Inoculum |
Lag period (h) |
Maximum degradation rate (mg l-1h-1) |
Normalized degradation rate (h-1) |
Experiment 1 |
|||||
α-terpineol |
CSR2 |
Unacclimated soil A extract |
94 |
>0.10a |
NM |
Experiment 3B |
|||||
α-terpineol |
CSR3 |
terpineol-enriched soil B extract |
0 |
13.6 |
0.255 |
The normalized degradation rate is the maximum degradation rate normalized to biomass concentration expressed as volatile suspended solids
CSR 2, CSR 3: continuously-stirred reactor 2 and 3
NM: not measured because of lack of accurate biomass data
a: Limited data available
Description of key information
Weight of evidence: Read across approach: Japanese MITI test . Based on the read-across approach from the analogue alpha terpineol, laevo alpha terpineol can be considered ready biodegradable.
Weight of evidence: Read across approach: Aerobic biodegradation by forest-soil extract cultures. Based on the read-across approach from the analogue alpha terpineol, laevo alpha terpineol can be considered to be readily degraded by cultures derived from forest soils.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Weight of evidence: Read across approach: In a ready biodegradation study performed similarly to OECD 301C guideline, alpha terpineol was tested at concentrations of 100 mg/L and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 mg/L). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption. At 100 mg/L test concentration, 84.6% degradation (biochemical oxygen demand) was reached in 14 days. Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol was determined to be readily biodegradable. Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and laevo alpha terpineol can be considered to be readily biodegradable.
Weight of evidence: Read across approach: In a ready biodegradation study, alpha terpineol was tested at concentrations of 5 -40 mg/L. Forest-soil extract cultures were used as inocula. The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the biomass, concentration of the test material and headspace CO2. The test treatments and control (sodium azide, 2.5 g/L) were measured in duplicates. The lack of any substantial change in alpha terpineol concentration in the azide-amended control reactor demonstrated that disappearance of the test item in the test reactor was not the result of hydrolysis or any other physicochemical process. Under the test conditions, alpha terpineol was readily degraded by cultures derived from forest soils. Based on these results, the read-across approach was applied and laevo alpha terpineol can be considered to be readily degraded by cultures derived from forest soils.
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