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EC number: 226-749-5 | CAS number: 5462-06-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 5 Feb 2013 to 8 March 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Fresh activated sludge from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (Bois-de-Bay, Satigny, Switzerland) was used. The sludge was collected in the morning, washed three times in the mineral medium (by centrifuging at 1000 g for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until used on the same day.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 30 d
- Initial conc.:
- 30.1 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- replicate 1
- Initial conc.:
- 29.9 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- replicate 2
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Remarks:
- as a percentage of ThOD
- Details on study design:
- COMPOSITION OF TEST MEDIUM
- Solution A: KH2PO4: 8.5 g; K2HPO4: 21.75 g; Na2HPO4·2H2O: 33.4 g; NH4Cl: 0.50 g, dissolved in water and made up to 1 litre.
- Solution B: CaCl2: 27.5 g, dissolved in water and made up to 1 litre.
- Solution C: MgSO4·7H2O : 22.5 g, dissolved in water and made up to 1 litre
- Solution D: FeCl3·6H2O : 0.25 g; HCl Conc. one drop, dissolved in water and made up to 1 litre
- Preparation: Prepared by mixing 50 ml of solution A and 2000 ml deionised water, adding 5 m of each of the solutions B, C and D and making up to 5 litres with deionised water. The pH is measured and if necessary adjusted to 7.4 ± 0.2 with phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide.
TEST CONDITIONS
- Test temperature: 22.0 - 22.5°C
- Dry weight of suspended solids: Dry weight of suspended solids was 6.00 g/L, diluted to 1.53 g/L. To obtain a concentration of 30 mg/L (dry weight) in 103 ml total volumes (Flasks 17 and 18), 2.00 ml of sludge was added (inoculum). To obtain a concentration of 30 mg/L (dry weight) in 255 ml total volumes (Flasks 1, 2, 5 and 6), 5.00 ml of sludge was added (inoculum).
TEST SYSTEM
- Apparatus: The respirometer used during this study is an Oxitop Control System, made by Wissenschaftlich-Technische Werkstätten (WTW), Weilheim, Germany.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Preparation of the flasks: Test substance samples (7.65 mg, corresponding to 30 mg/L in 255 ml of test medium) are weighed in small aluminium boats and added directly to the test flasks of the Oxitop whereas the reference substance (sodium benzoate) is added as 1.00 ml of a 10.2 g/L solution in mineral medium, to give a total volume of 103 ml. Flasks are filled with 250 ml of mineral medium (flasks containing reference substance: 100 ml). Samples of test or reference substance are added. Then suspended sludge diluted to a concentration of 1.53 g/L dry matter is added. Except when the test substance has an acid or alkaline character, the pH of each flask is not measured but assumed to be the same as the mineral medium, in order not to remove any floating undissolved test substance from the test medium by dipping a glass electrode in it. Neutral test substances, even sodium benzoate, were shown not to affect the pH of the medium by more than 0.1 pH unit. Two sodium hydroxide pellets are placed in the quivers on top of the bottle, and the flasks are closed tightly with the measuring heads. The flasks are allowed to equilibrate to the test temperature. The measurement is started by programming the measuring unit of the Oxitop test flasks, and the test flasks are placed in the temperature controlled cupboard of the Oxitop system. After temperature equilibration, the controller of the instrument starts the data acquisition (time zero of the experiment).
SAMPLING
- Oxygen consumption: Every day the oxygen consumption of each flask is recorded
- pH: At the beginning and at the end of the test period.
- Other: the temperature and stirring were checked daily. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Test performance:
- VALIDITY
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeded 40% after 7 days and 65% after 14 days: the activity of the inoculum was thus verified (validity criterion).
- The repeatability validity criterion (not more than 20% difference between replicates) is fulfilled for the flasks containing test substance.
Therefore, the test is considered valid. - Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 81
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The pass-level (of 10% degradation) was reached after 6 days, and increased up to 81% after 28 days in a dose-dependent manner (see 'Any other information on results incl. tables'). The 10-day window criterion is also fulfilled (10% biodegradation on day 6 and 70% on day 16).
- Results with reference substance:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeded 40% after 7 days and 65% after 14 days.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see 'Test performance'.
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The substance is biodegraded by 81% at day 28 in the OECD TG 301F Manometric Respirometry Test and the 10-day time window criterion was met. Therefore, the substance should be classified as readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The biodegradation potential of the substance in water was determined in a screening study according to OECD TG 301F (Manometric Respirometry) and in compliance with GLP criteria. In this study 30 mg/L test substance was inoculated with activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant for 30 days under aerobic conditions in the dark. During the incubation period the biological oxygen demand (BOD) was measured and biodegradation expressed as percentage of the theoretical uptake (ThOD). After the 28-day incubation period 81% of the substance was biodegraded. The 10-day window criterion was met. Based on these findings, the test substance is classified as readily biodegradable.
Reference
Table: O2 uptake, biodegradation of test substance (mg O2/L, adjusted to nominal concentrations)
|
Days |
5 |
6 |
14 |
16 |
21 |
28 |
30 |
|
O2 uptake of sludge (inoculum blank) |
1 |
B1 |
21.5 |
24.2 |
31.0 |
32.3 |
35.0 |
37.7 |
37.7 |
2 |
B2 |
20.2 |
22.9 |
29.6 |
31.0 |
35.0 |
37.7 |
37.7 |
|
mean |
B |
20.9 |
23.6 |
30.3 |
31.7 |
35.0 |
37.7 |
37.7 |
|
O2 uptake of test subst. + sludge |
5 |
C1 |
28.3 |
32.3 |
76.5 |
80.6 |
90.0 |
94.0 |
95.4 |
6 |
C2 |
26.9 |
29.6 |
75.5 |
84.9 |
93.1 |
98.5 |
99.8 |
|
O2 uptake of test substance |
|
C1-B |
7.4 |
8.7 |
46.2 |
49.0 |
55.0 |
56.3 |
57.7 |
|
C2-B |
6.1 |
6.1 |
45.2 |
53.3 |
58.1 |
60.8 |
62.1 |
|
% biodegradation of test substance |
|
D1 |
10 |
12 |
64 |
67 |
76 |
78 |
79 |
|
D2 |
8 |
8 |
62 |
73 |
80 |
84 |
85 |
|
mean |
D |
9 |
10 |
63 |
70 |
78 |
81 |
82 |
Calculations:
B1, B2, C1, C2: experimental O2 uptake values
B = (B1 + B2) / 2
D1 = 100 * (C1 – B) / ThoD * [S]
D2 = 100 * (C2 – B) / ThoD * [S]
D = (D1 + D2)/2
[S]: Initial test substance concentration (mg/L)
ThOD test substance = 2.42 mg O2/mg
Table: Reference substance Sodium Benzoate; O2 uptake (mg O2/L, adjusted to nominal concentrations)
|
Days |
5 |
7 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
|
O2 uptake of sludge (inoculum blank) |
1 |
B1 |
21.5 |
24.2 |
31.0 |
35.0 |
37.7 |
2 |
B2 |
20.2 |
22.9 |
29.6 |
35.0 |
37.7 |
|
mean |
B |
20.9 |
23.6 |
30.3 |
35.0 |
37.7 |
|
O2 uptake of ref. subst. + sludge |
17 |
A1 |
131.1 |
146.2 |
172.4 |
188.5 |
198.6 |
18 |
A2 |
131.1 |
141.1 |
167.3 |
183.4 |
193.5 |
|
O2 uptake of ref. substance |
|
A1-B |
110.2 |
122.6 |
142.1 |
153.5 |
160.9 |
|
A2-B |
110.2 |
117.6 |
137.0 |
148.4 |
155.8 |
|
% biodegradation of reference substance |
|
D1 |
66 |
74 |
85 |
92 |
97 |
|
D2 |
66 |
71 |
82 |
89 |
94 |
|
mean |
D |
66 |
72 |
84 |
91 |
95 |
Calculations:
B1, B2, A1, A2: experimental O2 uptake values
B = (B1 + B2) / 2
D1 = 100 * (A1 – B) / ThoD * [S]
D2 = 100 * (A2 – B) / ThoD * [S]
D = (D1 + D2)/2
[S]: Initial reference substance concentration (mg/L)
ThOD reference substance = 1.67 mg O2/mg
Description of key information
The biodegradation potential of the substance in water was determined in a screening study according to OECD TG 301F (Manometric Respirometry) and in compliance with GLP criteria. In this study 30 mg/L test substance was inoculated with activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant for 30 days under aerobic conditions in the dark. During the incubation period the biological oxygen demand (BOD) was measured and biodegradation expressed as percentage of the theoretical uptake (ThOD). After the 28-day incubation period 81% of the substance was biodegraded. The 10-day window criterion was met. Based on these findings, the test substance is classified as readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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