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EC number: 216-088-0 | CAS number: 1493-27-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening test, other
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Remarks:
- The value is not an experimental result. However, the QSAR model is recommended by the ECHA guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, and is well documented with regard to validation parameters according to OECD principles. Moreover, the substance is fully characterised towards the applicability domain.
- Justification for type of information:
- 1. SOFTWARE
EPI Suite version 4.1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
2. MODEL (incl. version number)
BIOWIN version 4.10
3. SMILES OR OTHER IDENTIFIERS USED AS INPUT FOR THE MODEL
CAS number: 1493-27-2
SMILES: O=N(=O)c(c(F)ccc1)c1
4. SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY OF THE (Q)SAR MODEL
- Defined endpoint: BIOWIN estimates the probability of rapid aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of an organic compound in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. BIOWIN contains seven separate models. This version (v4.10) designates the models as follows:
Biowin1 = linear probability model
Biowin2 = nonlinear probability model
(Biowin 1 and 2 are intended to convey a general indication of biodegradability under aerobic conditions, and not for any particular medium)
Biowin3 = expert survey ultimate biodegradation model
Biowin4 = expert survey primary biodegradation model
(Biowin3 and 4 yield estimates for the time required to achieve complete ultimate and primary biodegradation in a typical or "evaluative" aquatic environment)
Biowin5 = MITI linear model
Biowin6 = MITI nonlinear model
(Biowin5 and 6 are predictive models for assessing a compound’s biodegradability in the Japanese MITI ready biodegradation test; i.e. OECD 301C)
Biowin7 = anaerobic biodegradation model
(Biowin7 is a model predictive of degradation in a typical anaerobic digester)
- Unambiguous algorithm: Biodegradability estimates are based upon fragment constants that were developed using multiple linear or non-linear regression analyses, depending on the model. A discussion of the methodology used to derive the linear and non-linear fragment constants in the first two models is presented in a journal article by Howard et al. (1992). The same basic methodology was used for all the other models, and abbreviated descriptions may be found in the corresponding publications (Boethling et al. 1994, Tunkel et al. 2000, Meylan et al. 2007).
- Defined domain of applicability: The intended application domain of EPI Suite is organic chemicals. Inorganic and organometallic chemicals are generally outside the domain. The following molecular weight ranges are covered by the different models of BIOWIN:
Biowin1 and 2: 31.06 to 697.7 g/mol
Biowin3 and 4: 53.06 to 697.65 g/mol
Biowin5 and 6: 30.02 to 959.2 g/mol
Biowin7: 46.07 to 885.46 g/mol
The fragments and coefficient factor descriptors covered by BIOWIN, the maximum number of the fragment that occurs in any individual compound and the number of individual compounds having the fragment in the dataset can be found in Appendix D of the BIOWIN Help.
- Appropriate measures of goodness-of-fit and robustness and predictivity: Model accuracy and validation are detailed for each model in the dedicated section of the BIOWIN help. As a matter of concision, only classification performance for the training/validation sets of the different models were provided here in the field “Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables”. For further details, it is referred to the BIOWIN help.
- Mechanistic interpretation: Biodegradability estimates are based upon fragment coefficients that were developed using multiple linear or non-linear regression analyses, depending on the model. The fragment coefficients used in version 4.10 are listed in Appendix D of the BIOWIN Help.
Biowin1 and 2: The fragment coefficients were used to determine the biodegradation probability for each compound. A biodegradation probability greater than or equal to 0.5 is considered as "biodegrades fast". A biodegradation probability less than 0.5 is considered as "does not biodegrades fast".
Biowin3 and 4: The ultimate or primary rating of a compound is calculated based on fragment coefficients. The degradation timeframe is then assigned depending on the calculated rating. For ratings of “> 4.75 to 5”, “> 4.25 to 4.75”, “> 3.75 to 4.25”, “> 3.25 to 3.75”, “> 2.75 to 3.25”, “>2.25 to 2.75”, “> 1.75 to 2.25” and “<1.75”, the conclusions are “hours”, “hours to days”, “days”, “days to weeks”, “weeks”, “weeks to months”, “months” and “recalcitrant”, respectively.
Biowin5 and 6: The fragment coefficients were used to determine the biodegradation probability for each compound. A biodegradation probability greater than or equal to 0.5 is considered as "readily degradable". A biodegradation probability less than 0.5 is considered as "not readily degradable".
Biowin7: The fragment coefficients were used to determine the biodegradation probability for each compound. A biodegradation probability greater than or equal to 0.5 is considered as "biodegrades fast". A biodegradation probability less than 0.5 is considered as "does not biodegrades fast".
Ready Biodegradability Prediction: This prediction appears at the end of the BIOWIN prediction results. The criteria for the “YES” or “NO” prediction are as follows: if the Biowin3 result is "weeks" or faster (i.e. days, days to weeks, or weeks) AND the Biowin5 probability is >= 0.5, then the prediction is “YES” (readily biodegradable). If this condition is not satisfied, the prediction is “NO” (not readily biodegradable).
5. APPLICABILITY DOMAIN
- Descriptor domain: The molecular weight of the target chemical (2FNB) is 141.1 g/mol, hence covered by the seven models of BIOWIN (see above).
- Structural and mechanistic domains: The fragments found in the target chemical (2FNB) are included in the list of fragments of the BIOWIN models and the occurrence of each fragment does not exceed the maximum number of that fragment that occurs in any individual compound of the training sets (see detailed data in “Any other information on results incl. tables”).
6. ADEQUACY OF THE RESULT
As above described, the QSAR model is valid with respect to the five OECD principles on scientific validity (a defined endpoint, an unambiguous algorithm, a defined domain of applicability, appropriate measures of goodness-of-fit / robustness / predictivity, a mechanistic interpretation). The target substance (2FNB) was demonstrated to fall within the applicability domain of the models for both molecular weight and fragments. The present prediction is thus adequate to be used as a key study to conclude on the ready biodegradability potential.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other: QSAR
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 019
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- QSAR estimation using BIOWIN version 4.10 (EPI Suite version 4.1, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). The methodology of the BIOWIN models is described in:
- Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Stiteler, W.M., Meylan, W.M., Hueber, A.E., Beauman, J.A., Larosche, M.E. 1992. Predictive model for aerobic biodegradability developed from a file of evaluated biodegradation data. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11:593-603.
- Boethling, R.S., Howard, P.H., Meylan, W., Stiteler, W., Beaumann, J., Tirado, N. 1994. Group contribution method for predicting probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28:459-65.
- Tunkel, J., Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Stiteler,W., Loonen, H. 2000. Predicting Ready Biodegradability in the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry Test. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19:2478-2485.
- Meylan, W., Boethling, R.S., Aronson, D., Howard, P., Tunkel, J. 2007. Chemical structure-based predictive model for methanogenic anaerobic biodegradation potential. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 26:1785-1792. - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene
- EC Number:
- 216-088-0
- EC Name:
- 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene
- Cas Number:
- 1493-27-2
- Molecular formula:
- C6H4FNO2
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene
- Details on test material:
- Identity: 2-fluoronitrobenzene
CAS No.: 1493-27-2
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SMILES notation: O=N(=O)c(c(F)ccc1)c1
Results and discussion
% Degradation
- Remarks on result:
- not readily biodegradable based on QSAR/QSPR prediction
Any other information on results incl. tables
BIOWIN predictions for 2FNB:
Type |
Num |
Fragment description |
Coeff. |
Value |
Biowin1 |
||||
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic fluoride [-F] |
-0.8100 |
-0.8100 |
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic nitro [-NO2] |
-0.3050 |
-0.3050 |
MolWt |
* |
Molecular Weight Parameter |
|
-0.0672 |
Const |
* |
Equation Constant |
|
0.7475 |
RESULT |
Biowin1 (Linear Biodeg Probability) |
|
-0.4347 |
|
CONCLUSION Biowin1: Does NOT Biodegrade Fast |
||||
Biowin2 |
||||
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic fluoride [-F] |
-10.5318 |
-10.5318 |
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic nitro [-NO2] |
-2.5086 |
-2.5086 |
MolWt |
* |
Molecular Weight Parameter |
|
-2.0037 |
RESULT |
Biowin2 (Non-Linear Biodeg Probability) |
|
0.0000 |
|
CONCLUSION Biowin2: Does NOT Biodegrade Fast |
||||
Biowin3 |
||||
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic fluoride [-F] |
-0.4069 |
-0.4069 |
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic nitro [-NO2] |
-0.1696 |
-0.1696 |
MolWt |
* |
Molecular Weight Parameter |
|
-0.3118 |
Const |
* |
Equation Constant |
|
3.1992 |
RESULT |
Biowin3 (Survey Model - Ultimate Biodeg) |
|
2.3108 |
|
CONCLUSION Biowin3: Weeks-Months |
||||
Biowin4 |
||||
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic fluoride [-F] |
0.0135 |
0.0135 |
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic nitro [-NO2] |
-0.1084 |
-0.1084 |
MolWt |
* |
Molecular Weight Parameter |
|
-0.2036 |
Const |
* |
Equation Constant |
|
3.8477 |
RESULT |
Biowin4 (Survey Model - Primary Biodeg) |
|
3.5492 |
|
CONCLUSION Biowin4: Days-Weeks |
||||
Biowin5 |
||||
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic nitro [-NO2] |
-0.1876 |
-0.1876 |
Frag |
1 |
Fluorine [-F] |
0.0174 |
0.0174 |
Frag |
4 |
Aromatic-H |
0.0082 |
0.0329 |
MolWt |
* |
Molecular Weight Parameter |
|
-0.4198 |
Const |
* |
Equation Constant |
|
0.7121 |
RESULT |
Biowin5 (MITI Linear Biodeg Probability) |
|
0.1550 |
|
CONCLUSION Biowin5: NOT Readily Degradable |
||||
Biowin6 |
||||
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic nitro [-NO2] |
-2.4035 |
-2.4035 |
Frag |
1 |
Fluorine [-F] |
-3.9878 |
-3.9878 |
Frag |
4 |
Aromatic-H |
0.1201 |
0.4806 |
MolWt |
* |
Molecular Weight Parameter |
|
-4.0735 |
RESULT |
Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Biodeg Probability) |
|
0.0006 |
|
CONCLUSION Biowin6: NOT Readily Degradable |
||||
Biowin7 |
||||
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic fluoride [-F] |
0.0000 |
0.0000 |
Frag |
1 |
Aromatic nitro [-NO2] |
-0.2141 |
-0.2141 |
Frag |
1 |
Fluorine [-F] |
0.0000 |
0.0000 |
Frag |
4 |
Aromatic-H |
-0.0954 |
-0.3817 |
Const |
* |
Equation Constant |
|
0.8361 |
RESULT |
Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Biodeg Prob) |
|
0.2403 |
|
CONCLUSION Biowin7: Does NOT Biodegrade Fast |
||||
Ready Biodegradability Prediction |
||||
CONCLUSION: NO |
Applicability domain:
The molecular weight of the target chemical (2FNB) is 141.1 g/mol, hence covered by the seven models of BIOWIN (see above). The fragments found in the target chemical (2FNB) are included in the list of fragments of the BIOWIN models and the occurrence of each fragment does not exceed the maximum number of that fragment that occurs in any individual compound of the training sets as it can be seen below in the extract from Appendix D of the BIOWIN Help:
Models |
Aromatic fluoride [-F] |
Aromatic nitro [-NO2] |
Fluorine [-F] |
Aromatic-H |
||||||||
Coef. |
Max |
Number |
Coef. |
Max |
Number |
Coef. |
Max |
Number |
Coef. |
Max |
Number |
|
Biowin1 |
-0.8100 |
1 |
1 |
-0.3050 |
2 |
14 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Biowin2 |
-10.5318 |
-2.5086 |
- |
- |
||||||||
Biowin3 |
-0.4069 |
1 |
1 |
-0.1696 |
2 |
13 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Biowin4 |
0.0135 |
-0.1084 |
- |
- |
||||||||
Biowin5 |
- |
- |
- |
-0.1876 |
2 |
33 |
0.0174 |
27 |
10 |
0.0082 |
15 |
302 |
Biowin6 |
- |
-2.4035 |
-3.9878 |
0.1201 |
||||||||
Biowin7 |
0.0000 |
Not listed |
-0.2141 |
2 |
4 |
0.0000 |
Not listed |
-0.0954 |
13 |
94 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- 2-Fluoronitrobenzene is considered as not readily biodegradable based on predictions from the BIOWIN QSAR.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability potential of 2-fluoronitrobenzene was predicted using the seven models of the recommended QSAR BIOWIN v4.10 (EPI Suite version 4.1, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), based upon fragment constants that were developed using multiple linear or non-linear regression analyses, depending on the model. The substance is within the applicability domain of the models for both molecular weight and fragments. The predictions reported by the seven BIOWIN models support the conclusion that 2-fluoronitrobenzene has to be considered as not readily biodegradable.
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