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EC number: 214-787-5 | CAS number: 1194-65-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- June 1994 to 22 March 1995
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA Guideline No. 163-1
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- batch equilibrium method
- Media:
- soil
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1 °C
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0.04, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/L
- Sampling interval: 2 days - Details on matrix:
- See Table 1
COLLECTION AND STORAGE
- Storage conditions: in a cold room until use
- Soil preparation: 2 mm sieved - Details on test conditions:
- A preliminary test with the clay soil was performed to determine the minimum agitation time at 20 ± 1 °C needed to ensure that equilibrium was reached under the described test conditions. Equilibrium was reached in 1-2 days and so the incubation time in the definitive adsorption/desorption test was set at two days.
ADSORPTION TEST
A total of 15 vessels per soil type were filled with 2 g soil per vessel (based on dry weight) and the exact wet weight recorded. Each vessel was spiked with 10 mL 14C-dichlobenil in 0.01 M CaCl2 at concentrations of 0, 0.04, 0.2, 1.0 and 4.66 mg/L. Agitation was started immediately and lasted 2 days to achieve the required equilibrium. To separate the phases after the adsorption step, the suspension was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1000 g. Volume and concentration of 14C-dichlobenil in the water phase was determined by decanting it in a graduated measuring cylinder, recording the volume and determining the radioactivity in triplicate 1 mL aliquots mixed with 5 mL scintillation cocktail and counted by LSC.
DESORPTION TEST
For the first desorption step, 10 mL 0.01 M CaCl2 was added to each vessel after the adsorption step. Agitation was started immediately and lasted 2 days to achieve equilibrium. To separate the phases after the first desorption step the suspension was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1000 g. The volume was measured in a graduated measuring cylinder and the radioactivity present in the water phase was determined in triplicate by mixing 1 mL with 5 mL Ultima Gold XR and counting by LSC.
The second desorption step was an exact repetition of the first desorption step.
MASS BALANCE
The soil residue after the second desorption step was subjected to combustion analysis (in five fold; 200 mg aliquots) and the dry weight of the soil was determined. The formed 14CO2 was trapped in Carbosorb and counted by LSC. The remaining part of the soil in each vessel was weighed, dried for 3 hours at 110 ºC and weighed again so the moisture content of the soil could be determined. - Computational methods:
- The adsorption coefficients (Kd) were calculated from the Freundlich equation:
log (x/m) = log K + 1/n log Ce
where:
x = absorbed test material (µg)
m = dry weight of soil (g)
K = adsorption coefficient
Ce = concentration of the test material remaining in solution after adsorption step (µg/mL)
n = constant
The adsorption coefficients normalised to the organic carbon content of the soil (Koc), were calculated from the organic matter content of the soils.
Koc = (K x 100) / % organic matter - Key result
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- 237 dimensionless
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the mass balance was considered satisfactory (98.7-113 %). The adsorption coefficients are comparable to the desorption coefficients. The Koc values ranged between 133 and 322 with an average of 237 indicating that the test material has low mobility in soil.
- Executive summary:
In a GLP compliant adsorption-desorption study conducted in line with standardised guideline EPA 163-1, the adsorption/desorption of the test material was determined. Under the conditions of the test, the mass balance was considered satisfactory (98.7-113 %). The adsorption coefficients are comparable to the desorption coefficients. The Koc values ranged between 133 and 322 with an average of 237 indicating that the test material has low mobility in soil.
Reference
The average mass balance at the end of the test ranged from 98.7-113 % (depending on soil type and fortification level). The resulting adsorption coefficients, corrected for the organic matter content of each soil (Koc) ranged from 133 to 322 and demonstrated that dichlobenil can be classified as a compound with low mobility in soil (see Table 2).
Table 2: Adsorption/desorption coefficients of four soils and one hydrosoil
Soil type | Recovery of [14C] | K | Koc | KdesI | KdesII |
Sandy loam | 113.0 | 10.5 | 262 | 12.9 | 16.4 |
Silty loam | 106.7 | 7.4 | 272 | 10.0 | 13.1 |
Clay | 110.2 | 9.6 | 133 | 11.8 | 15.1 |
Sand | 98.7 | 0.3 | 195 | 1.2 | n.d. |
Hydrosoil | 103.3 | 4.2 | 322 | 6.2 | 10.0 |
Average | 237 ± 74 |
Description of key information
The Koc of the test material was determined to be 237 according to a study performed in line with EPA Guideline 163-1.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 237
Additional information
See 'Environmental Fate and Pathways' endpoint summary.
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