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EC number: 202-311-9 | CAS number: 94-18-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Toxicity to micro-organisms study (Acute toxicity of parabens and their chlorinated by-products with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri bioassays. 2009) was conducted onVibrio fischeri.The study was carried out using the test conditions and the operating protocol of theV. fischeriacute toxicity test (Environmental Protection Series, 1992). Test chemicals was of special-grade reagent and was used without purification. The test bacteria was exposed to the test substancebenzylparabenwith exposure duration of 5 and 15 mins.Luminescence was measured with a Microtox luminometer (Model 500; Microbics Corp., Carlsbad, CA, USA) in the acute mode. The toxic effect values reflect the ratio of the decrease in bacterial light production to the remaining light. The Microtox statistical software, version 7, was used to calculate the toxic effect values for each sample dilution and the sample concentration inducing 50% light inhibition (EC50) for each log–log dose–response curve and their corresponding confidence limits. The toxicity was expressed in terms of effective concentration values and toxicity units (TUs). The TU value was calculated using EC50 (TU = 100 EC50−1). The logarithms of then-octanol–water partition coefficients (logP) of the test compound was also determined using an HPLC method according to the OECD guideline. Based ondecrease in bacterial light production by the test organism V. fischeri, the EC50 value was found to be 0.0038 mg/l.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 0.004 mg/L
Additional information
Various studies were reviewed along with the prediction data to evaluate the effect of the test compound onaquaticmicroorganisms. These are summarized as follows:
Toxicity to micro-organisms study (Acute toxicity of parabens and their chlorinated by-products with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri bioassays. 2009) was conducted onVibrio fischeri.The study was carried out using the test conditions and the operating protocol of theV. fischeriacute toxicity test (Environmental Protection Series, 1992). Test chemicals was of special-grade reagent and was used without purification. The test bacteria was exposed to the test substancebenzylparabenwith exposure duration of 5 and 15 mins.Luminescence was measured with a Microtox luminometer (Model 500; Microbics Corp., Carlsbad, CA, USA) in the acute mode. The toxic effect values reflect the ratio of the decrease in bacterial light production to the remaining light. The Microtox statistical software, version 7, was used to calculate the toxic effect values for each sample dilution and the sample concentration inducing 50% light inhibition (EC50) for each log–log dose–response curve and their corresponding confidence limits. The toxicity was expressed in terms of effective concentration values and toxicity units (TUs). The TU value was calculated using EC50 (TU = 100 EC50−1). The logarithms of then-octanol–water partition coefficients (logP) of the test compound was also determined using an HPLC method according to the OECD guideline. Based ondecrease in bacterial light production by the test organismV. fischeri,the EC50 value was found to be 0.0038 mg/l.
Toxicity to micro-organisms study (Chapter 14 - Hydroxy Benzoate Preservatives (Parabens) in the Environment: Data for Environmental Toxicity Assessment, 2009) was conducted onVibrio fischerifor 30 mins. Microtox bioassay test was performed for the toxicity study. All stock solutions were prepared in methanol and serially diluted in distilled water to obtain the target concentrations. The methanol concentration in the exposure solutions, including controls, was 0.01% (v/v) in distillate water in the tested solutions. 2-4-dichlorophenol (DCP) was used as control solution. The test bacteria was exposed to the test substancebenzylparabenwith exposure duration of 15 and 30 mins.Bacterial luminescence inhibition was measured after 15 and 30 mins of exposure to tested solutions. Based ondecrease in bacterial light production by the test organismV. fischeri,the EC50 value after 15 and 30 exposure duration was found to be 0.11 mg/land LOEC value was found to be 0.02 mg/l.
Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onPhotobacterium leiognathi SB strainfor 30 mins. Toxscreen bioassay test was performed for the toxicity study. All stock solutions were prepared in methanol and serially diluted in distilled water to obtain the target concentrations. The methanol concentration in the exposure solutions, including controls, was 0.01% (v/v) in distillate water in the tested solutions. 2-4-dichlorophenol (DCP) was used as control solution. The test bacteria was exposed to the test substancebenzylparabenwith exposure duration of 15 and 30 mins.Bacterial luminescence inhibition was measured after 15 and 30 mins of exposure to tested solutions. Based ondecrease in bacterial light production by the test organismPhotobacterium leiognathi SB strain,the EC50 value after 15 and 30 exposure duration was found to be 1.3 and 1.6 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value was found to be 0.25 mg/l.
Toxicity to micro-organisms study was conducted onTetrahymena thermophilafor 28 hrs. Protoxkit bioassay test was performed for the toxicity study. All stock solutions were prepared in methanol and serially diluted in distilled water to obtain the target concentrations. The methanol concentration in the exposure solutions, including controls, was 0.01% (v/v) in distillate water in the tested solutions. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was used as control substance. The test organism was exposed to the test substancebenzylparabenwith exposure duration 28 hrs.Inhibition in bacterial growth was measured after 24 and 28 hrs of exposure to tested solutions. Based on growth inhibition of test organismTetrahymena thermophila,the EC50 value after 24 and 28 hrs was found to be 4.3 and 5.7 mg/l, respectively and LOEC value was found to be 0.48 mg/l.
From above mentioned supporting studies the target chemical benzylparaben (CAS No 94-18-8), the majority values are indicative that the chemical is likely to causeaquaticmicroorganisms.
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