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EC number: 265-997-9 | CAS number: 65996-66-9 The thermally agglomerated substance formed by heating a variable mixture of finely divided coke, iron ore, blast furnace dust, steelmaking dust, mill scale, other miscellaneous iron-bearing materials, limestone, and dolomite at 1315°C to 1482°C (2400°F to 2700°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Six publications are included in the dossier report on the potential adverse effects on iron.
Reported long-term no-effect levels were well above the solubility limit of ferrous/ferric ions. None of the studies provide a full characterization of the Fe-speciation during the test period. Due to the complexity and reactivity/solubility of Fe as a function of parameters like pH, redox-potential, dissolved organic carbon content, it is virtually impossible to properly qualify and quantify the time-dependent Fe-speciation profile during a chronic exposure testing period. Adverse effects could not be related to a specific Fe-species or to precipitates (intrinsic toxicity vs physical toxicity).
The research data that were recently published by Arbildua et al (2017) agree with the literature in that the effect of Fe(III) on aquatic organisms is associated with indirect nocive effects of Fe oxyhydroxides (e.g., blocking access to nutrients, impairment of respiration, interference with movement). In the particular case of the Fe(III) effects on algae in laboratory standard assays, the study showed that the mechanism of action is mediated by phosphorus depletion, through coprecipitation with the hydrolysis products of Fe(III).
Arbildua et al (2017) this concluded that the effect of Fe on P. subcapitata in reconstituted laboratory waters depends largely on the level of phosphorus in the assay media as well as the presence of DOC. The P-related effects do not represent the intrinsic toxicity or iron.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Intrinsic toxicity and bioavailability of metals in general is related to the free ion form. Due to the limited solubility of iron, the free ion concentration in test media will be within the range concentrations that are found in the environment at background/ambient concentration levels. It is thus reasonable to assume that organisms are adapted to the maximum concentrations of free iron that can be achieved in an aqueous solution. Therefore, adverse effects that may be noted at high exposure concentrations are not due to the intrinsic toxicity of iron.
Mechanisms that are related to precipitation processes are most likely causing the observed toxicity, but only effects caused by the intrinsic toxicity of a chemical should be considered for derivation of a PNEC.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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