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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 211-661-1 | CAS number: 682-09-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 176 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The oral NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw/d is corrected for the extent of oral absorption (50%) and inhalation absorption (100%), for breathing rate (/0.38) and activity (*0.67). The corrected inhalation starting point is therefore 176 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Extrapolation from subchronic to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No allometric scaling required where route to route extrapolation is used
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies value (workers)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 14 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 12.5
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 176 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The oral NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw/d is corrected for the extent of oral absorption (50%) and inhalation absorption (100%), for breathing rate (/0.38) and activity (*0.67). The corrected inhalation starting point is therefore 176 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value - no allometric scaling required where route to route extrapolation is used
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies value (workers)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 200 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- In the absence of data, dermal absorption is considered to be equivalent to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default value for extrapolation from subchronic to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value for allometric scaling between rat and humans
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies differences
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 200 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- In the absence of data, dermal absorption is considered to be equivalent to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value for allometric scaling between rats and humans
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies value
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - workers
The relevant endpoint for DNEL derivation is the NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw/d from the 90 -day oral gavage study in the rat.
Inhalation DNEL values
Systemic inhalation DNEL values
The oral NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw/d is corrected for the extent of oral absorption (50%) and inhalation absorption (100%), for breathing rate (/0.38) and activity (*0.67). The corrected inhalation starting point is therefore 176 mg/m3.
Long-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for exposure duration), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 25. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 7 mg/m3.
Short-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 12.5. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 14 mg/m3.
Local inhalation DNEL values
The substance is not classified as a skin irritant, eye irritant or skin sensitiser; no local effects are predicted. The systemic inhalation DNELs are protective for local effects.
Dermal DNEL values
Systemic dermal DNEL values
In the absence of data, dermal absorption is considered to be equivalent to oral absorption.
Long-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 100. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 2 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 5 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 50. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 4 mg/kg bw/d.
Local dermal DNEL values
The substance is not classified as a skin irritant, eye irritant or skin sensitiser; no local effects are predicted. The systemic inhalation DNELs are protective for local effects.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.7 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 87 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The oral NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw/d is corrected for the extent of oral absorption (50%) and inhalation absorption (100%), for breathing rate (/1.15). The corrected inhalation starting point is therefore 87 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default value for extrapolation from subchronic to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- No allometric scaling required where route to route extrapolation is used
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database without data gaps
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 3.5 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 348 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value - no allometric scaling required where route to route extrapolation is used
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database without data gaps
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 200 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- In the absence of data, dermal absorption is considered to be equivalent to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default value for extrapolation from subchronic to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value for allometric scaling between rat and human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database without data gaps
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 200 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- In the absence of data, dermal absorption is considered to be equivalent to oral absorption.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value for allometric scaling between rat and human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database without data gaps
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 200 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- Not required
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- Default value for extrapolation from subchronic to chronic exposure
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value for allometric scaling between rat and human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 200 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- Not required
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value for allometric scaling between rat and human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default value for remaining interspecies difference
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default value for intraspecies value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- Default value for quality database without data gaps
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No remaining uncertainties
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Additional information - General Population
The relevant endpoint for DNEL derivation is the NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw/d from the 90 -day oral gavage study in the rat.
Inhalation DNEL values
Systemic inhalation DNEL values
The oral NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw/d is corrected for the extent of oral absorption (50%) and inhalation absorption (100%), for breathing rate (/1.15). The corrected inhalation starting point is therefore 87 mg/m3.
Long-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for exposure duration), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 50. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 1.7 mg/m3.
Short-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 1 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 12.5. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 3.5 mg/m3.
Local inhalation DNEL values
The substance is not classified as a skin irritant, eye irritant or skin sensitiser; no local effects are predicted. The systemic inhalation DNELs are protective for local effects.
Dermal DNEL values
Systemic dermal DNEL values
In the absence of data, dermal absorption is considered to be equivalent to oral absorption.
Long-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 200. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 1 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 100. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 2 mg/kg bw/d.
Local dermal DNEL values
The substance is not classified as a skin irritant, eye irritant or skin sensitiser; no local effects are predicted. The systemic inhalation DNELs are protective for local effects.
Oral DNEL values
The starting point does not need correction for the derivation of oral DNEL values.
Long-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 2 (for duration of exposure), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 200. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 1 mg/kg bw/d.
Short-term
Individual assessment factors of 1 (for dose-response relationship), 4 (for allometric scaling), 2.5 (for interspecies differences), 10 (for intraspecies differences), 1 (for database quality) and 1 (for remaining uncertainties) give an overall assessment factor of 100. Application of this overall assessment factor to the corrected starting point gives a DNEL value of 2 mg/kg bw/d.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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