Octanal, 2-(phenylmethylene)-, (2E)-

Repeated dose toxicity: oral

Administrative data

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: oral

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1973

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Amylcinnamaldehyde is structurally very close to hexylcinnamaldehyde and therefore read-across is justified. It is expected that both substances will exhibit a similar pattern of toxicity. Further supporting documentation is included within the endpoint summary. This is a published study which contains sufficient detail, including in results, to judge it reliable for hazard assessment purposes. Non GLP but close to guideline study and well documented.

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1973

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no opthalmological examination; No sensory reactivity determination; some serum determinations not conducted i.e. creatinine, cholesterol, sodium and potassium. Some organ histology not conducted .

GLP compliance:

no

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report):Amyl cinnamic aldehyde (supplied by Bush Boake Allen Ltd, London); alpha-amylcinnamaldehyde; alpha-penylcinnamaldehyde; 2-pentyl-3-phenyl prop-2-enal.
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C6H5-CH=C(CH2-(CH2)3-CH3)-CHO
- Physical state: pale yellow liquid
- Analytical purity: min. 97%
- Other: specific gravity (25C) , 0.963-0.968; refractive index (20C) 1.552-1.559; acid number, max 5.0.

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: CFE

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: SPF breeding colony (not clear whether sourced at BIBRA)
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: males 100-125g; females 90-120g
- Fasting period before study:
- Housing: 5 per cage
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Ad libitum. Spillers' Laboratory Small Diet.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: no data

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21+/-1C
- Humidity (%): 50-60%
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): no data

IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: no data

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: feed

Vehicle:

other: diet

Details on oral exposure:

The loss of amyl cinnamic aldehyde from the diet was determined prior to the study. This was done by the analysis (gas chromatography) of a diet which had been prepared with amyl cinnamic aldehyde at 10,000ppm and had been exposed in the animal room for 48, and compared to the same mixture in an air tight container. Only 1% of amyl cinnamic aldehyde was lost from the diet. Since this was not considered significant amy cinnamic aldehyde was administered in food prepared every 4-5 days with the appropriate concentrations.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

no

Duration of treatment / exposure:

14 weeks

Frequency of treatment:

Continuous

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 80, 400, or 4000 ppm
Basis:
nominal in diet

No. of animals per sex per dose:

15 for 14 weeks treatment (0, 80, 400, or 4000ppm)
Additional 5 for 2 weeks treatment (0, 400, or 4000ppm)
Additional 5 for 6 weeks treatment (0, 400, or 4000ppm)

Control animals:

yes, plain diet

Details on study design:

no data

Positive control:

none

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

Body weights: At the beginning of the study and then weekly up to week 14.
Food and water consumption were measured over the 24hour period preceding each weighing.

Sacrifice and pathology:

At completion of the study the animals were necropsied. Any macroscopic abnormalities were noted.
The following organs were weighed: brain, pituitary, thyroid, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, adrenals, gonads, stomach, small intestine and caecum.
Samples of the organs weighed were histologically examined. Also, tissues and samples from the following were histologically examined: salivary gland, trachea, aorta, thymus, lymph nodes, urinary bladder, colon, rectum, pancreas, uterus, skeletal muscle, and any other tissue that appeared to be abnormal.

Other examinations:

Bloods were obtained before necropsy for haematological and serum chemistry investigations. In the final week of treatment, urine produced in a 6 hour period of water deprivation. At week 6 and 13, urine over a 2hr period was collected following a 25ml/kg of waterload and between 16 and 20hr after the water load.

Statistics:

Student's t-test. Significantce p<0.05 or p<001

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

no effects observed

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Liver and kidney

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

mammary adenomas

Details on results:

One female in the 400ppm group died but histological and necropsy findings showed to be due to infection and therefore, unrelated to treatment.
Mammary adenomas were noted in two females (1 at 80ppm and 1 at 400ppm) during the last 3 week of the study. These were considered spontaneous and non-treatment related.
Significant lower stomach weights in males given 400ppm and lower small-intestine weights in females given 4000ppm were observed after treatment for 6 weeks. The latter was not significant when expressed per body weight. Also, there were significant increases in relative liver weights in both sexes after 14week treatment and in males after 6 week treatement. Relative kidney weights were also increased after 14weeks at 4000ppm.
There were some macroscopic and histological findings but none associated with substance intake. These were red, patchy lungs in three male rats (two at 80ppm, one in control), and pale kidneys in some male rats in all groups including controls. Also, vacuolation of some liver cells, protein casts in the kidney tubules and signs of chronic lung infection, with low and similar incidence in both treated and controls.

Effect levels

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

400 ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: Liver and kidney enlargement observed at 4000 ppm

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

The increase in relative liver and kidney weights was not associated with any histological abnormality.

Mean intakes of amyl cinnamic aldehyde were 6.1, 29.9 and 287.3 mg/kg/day for males and 6.7, 34.9, and 320.3 mg/kg/day for females.

The 400 ppm NOAEL corresponded to approximately 23 mg/kg/day in males and 36mg/kg/day in females, ~30mg/kg/day for both.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

An oral NOAEL of 30mg/kg/day can be derived under the conditions of this study.

Executive summary:

This study is included as read-across from amyl cinnamaldehyde. Male and female rats were fed a diet containing amyl cinnamic aldehyde at 0, 80, 400 or 4000 ppm for 14 weeks. No differences were observed in body weight gain, haematology, urinary analysis, or clinical chemistry between control and treatment groups. Macroscopic and histological examination did not find any treatment-related changes. There were small mammary adenomas in two females from the two lowest doses which were considered spontaneous. At the end of the study there were a significant relative kidney weight increase in females and relative liver weight increase in male and females at the 4000 ppm dose and consequently a NOAEL of 400 ppm or 30 mg/kg bw/day can be established.