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EC number: 605-104-5 | CAS number: 157577-99-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Stock solution, media preparation: 119 mg test item/L were freshly prepared with dilution water. The dispersion was agitated until the solution was visually clear.
Test concentrations: The stock solution was diluted to receive the required test item concentrations. Seven concentrations were tested with a spacing factor of √10: 0.119 – 0.376 – 1.19 – 3.76 – 11.9 – 37.6 – 119 mg/L (0.100 – 0.316 – 1.00 – 3.16 – 10.0 – 31.6 – 100 mg a.s./L), corresponding to the geometric mean measured test item concentrations: 0.0827 – 0.142 – 0.260– 0.492 – 1.32 – 4.64 – 20.5 mg test item/L. The concentration levels are based on the results of a preliminary range finding test (non-GLP). - Vehicle:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- Test organism: Duckweed, Lemna gibba, Lemnaceae, Arales, Arecidae, Monocotyledonae Young, rapidly growing plants without visible lesions or discolouration (chlorosis) were used for the test.
Reason for the selection of the test organism: According to the guideline, Lemna gibba is a suitable species because it is a representative of temperate areas commonly used for toxicity tests
Origin: EUROFINS-GAB GMBH, Eutinger Str. 24, 75223 NiefernÖschelbronn, Germany
Cultivation at test facility: The species is cultured in the test facility. Density is kept low to prevent conglomerates of plants on the surface. At least once per week, plants are transferred to freshly prepared growth medium. Growth media and culturing vessels are autoclaved before use to enable the breeding of axenic cultures. The cultures are visibly free from contamination by other organisms such as algae.
Breeding vessels: Crystallisation dishes of glass, Vol. 900 mL, filled with ca. 500 mL growth medium, covered with glass tops
Medium 20X-AAP-medium (Algal Assay Procedure medium),
pH-value 7.5 ± 0.1
Temperature 24 ± 2 °C
Light regime Continuous fluorescent light, 1100 – 4440 lux - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- 274 [mg CaCO3/L]
- Test temperature:
- 24 ± 2 °C
- pH:
- 7.5 ± 0.1
- Conductivity:
- 1388 [μS/cm]
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Based on a preliminary test, 5 test item concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of √10: 0.119 – 0.376 – 1.19 – 3.76 – 11.9 – 37.6 – 119 mg test item/L (0.100 – 0.316 –1.00 – 3.16 – 10.0 – 31.6 – 100 mg a.s./L), corresponding to the geometric mean measured test item concentrations: 0.0827 – 0.142 – 0.260– 0.492 – 1.32 – 4.64 – 20.5 mg test item/L.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 22.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Details on results:
- The concentrations of the test item Acid Black 234 and the control were analysed via HPLC-DAD at the beginning and end of the exposure. The measured concentrations of the test item were in the range of 98 to 117% of the nominal test item concentrations at 0 days and at 7 days in the range of ˂ LOQ to 3% of the nominal test item concentrations.
All effect values are given based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations.
The EC50-values for inhibition of the specific growth rate of fronds (ErC50) and dry weight (ErdwC50) were 22.1 (18.8 - > 20.5) mg/L and 18.3 (15.1 - > 20.5) mg/L, respectively. The EC50-values for inhibition of yield (fronds, EyC50) and dry weight inhibition of yield (EydwC50) were 8.55 (4.25 – 12.6) mg/L and 1.97 (0.893 – 5.00) mg/L, respectively. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Acid Black 234 was found to inhibit the growth of the monocotyledonous aquatic plant Lemna gibba after 7-day exposure under static conditions, with the following effect values
(geometric mean measured test item concentrations): The EC50-values for inhibition of the specific growth rate of fronds (ErC50) and dry weight (ErdwC50) were 22.1 (18.8 - > 20.5) mg/L and 18.3 (15.1 - > 20.5) mg/L, respectively. The EC50-values for inhibition of yield (fronds, EyC50) and dry weight inhibition of yield (EydwC50) were 8.55 (4.25 – 12.6) mg/L and 1.97 (0.893 – 5.00) mg/L, respectively. - Executive summary:
The effects of the test item Acid Black 234 on the growth of the monocotyledonous aquatic plant species Lemna gibba were determined according to the principles of OECD 221 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016 Method C. 26.
Lemna gibba was exposed to the test item for 7 days under static conditions. Based on a preliminary test, 5 test item concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of √10: 0.119 – 0.376 – 1.19 – 3.76 – 11.9 – 37.6 – 119 mg test item/L (0.100 – 0.316 – 1.00 – 3.16 – 10.0 – 31.6 – 100 mg a.s./L), corresponding to the geometric mean measured test item concentrations: 0.0827 – 0.142 – 0.260– 0.492 – 1.32 – 4.64 – 20.5 mg test item/L. Three replicates were investigated for each test concentration and six for the control. Frond numbers were assessed on days 0, 2, 5 and 7. Environmental parameters (light, pH and temperature) were within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled. The test item concentrations were concentration-dependent blue-green colored from pale blue to deep bluegreen (almost black).
The concentrations of the test item Acid Black 234 and the control were analysed via HPLC-DAD at the beginning and end of the exposure. All effect values are given based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations.
The EC50-values for inhibition of the specific growth rate of fronds (ErC50) and dry weight (ErdwC50) were 22.1 (18.8 - > 20.5) mg/L and 18.3 (15.1 - > 20.5) mg/L, respectively. The EC50-values for inhibition of yield (fronds, EyC50) and dry weight inhibition of yield (EydwC50) were 8.55 (4.25 – 12.6) mg/L and 1.97 (0.893 – 5.00) mg/L, respectively.
Reference
Description of key information
EC 50: 22.1 mg/l for dry weight
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater plants:
- 22.1 mg/L
Additional information
The effects of the test item Acid Black 234 on the growth of the monocotyledonous aquatic plant species Lemna gibba were determined according to the principles of OECD 221 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016 Method C. 26.
Lemna gibba was exposed to the test item for 7 days under static conditions.
The concentrations of the test item Acid Black 234 and the control were analysed via HPLC-DAD at the beginning and end of the exposure. All effect values are given based on the geometric mean measured test item concentrations.
The EC50-values for inhibition of the specific growth rate of fronds (ErC50) and dry weight (ErdwC50) were 22.1 (18.8 - > 20.5) mg/L and 18.3 (15.1 - > 20.5) mg/L, respectively. The EC50-values for inhibition of yield (fronds, EyC50) and dry weight inhibition of yield (EydwC50) were 8.55 (4.25 – 12.6) mg/L and 1.97 (0.893 – 5.00) mg/L, respectively.
Moreover, a supporting test on similar substance 1 is available (BMG, 2012) following OECD 221. The tested aquatic plant is Lemna minor and the EC50 for grow rate and biomass is > 2000 mg/l.
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