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EC number: 268-859-6 | CAS number: 68152-93-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Endpoint summary
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- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2021
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 222 (Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei))
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted in 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Batch No.: HD0545YE04
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- None required
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test item was mixed with quartz sand (Gebrüder Dorfner GmbH Co., Kaolin- und Kristallquarzsandwerke KG, Scharhof 1, D-92242 Hirschau, Germany) before addition and mixing into soil substrate.
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- As the test item is not soluble, dispersible or emulsifiable in water, the test item was mixed with fine quartz (10 g of a mixture of quartz sand and quantity of test substance corresponding to 600 g wet weight of artificial soil) sand, applied with this mixture to artificial soil and then moistened, using a laboratory mixer. The control was treated with the same amount sand as the test item groups. In order to obtain a better distribution of the test item fine quartz sand mixtures in the soil the test substrate was prepared by mixing the amount of soil needed for two replicates (1290.2 g dry weight) in one step. The test item concentrations were processed shortly before treatment as shown in table 1.
The availability of lipophilic test item (ingredients) in soil and therefore their toxicity to earthworms, depends on the organic matter content of the soil. For chemicals with log Pow >2, sorption is expected to be linearly, related to soil organic matter content.
With respect to the properties of the test item; if the partition coefficient (log Pow) of Test Item (or Active ingredient) is above 2, artificial soil with 5% instead of 10% peat is used, considering the influence on bioavailability (OECD 222).
The partition coefficient (log Pow) of Tall-oil, maleated: 4.97.
Artificial soil was prepared, as follows:
- 5% sphagnum-peat, air-dried and finely ground (2 mm ± 1 mm, with no visible plant remains)
- 20% kaolin clay (kaolinite content > 30%)
- approximately 75% industrial sand (predominantly fine sand, with more than 50% of the particles between 50 and 200 μm).
The air-dry constituents were blended in the correct proportions and mixed thoroughly with deionised water. The final water content was equivalent to 56.05% of the maximum WHC. The determination of pH value was done according to ISO 10390. The pH of the treated artificial soil was determined at the beginning, and at the end of the test. The maximal water holding capacity (WHC) of the artificial soil was determined according to OECD 222 Guideline. The moistened soil was divided in test containers corresponding with the number of test concentrations and controls. Soil moisture content was determined at the beginning and at the end of the test by SARTORIUS Moisture Analyzer. The water content of the artificial soil before moistening was 1.51 g/100 g dry soil. The maximal water holding capacity of the artificial soil was 35.99 g water/100 g dry soil.
Chemical analysis of the soil mixtures was not be performed in agreement of the Sponsor (it is not required by the OECD guideline). - Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- Taxonomic Group: Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Species: Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826)
Life Stage: adults, adequately fed, healthy, disease-free colonies
Age: about 6 months (not differing in age by more than 4 weeks) with clitellum
Body Weight: 324 - 597 mg, including gut contents
Origin: BASF SE Crop Protection Division, Limburgerhof, Strain code: VT BASF 05 09 277 - 278 – 279 (in Charles River Laboratories Hungary Kft.), bred under standardised conditions (according to OECD 207 guideline) in the Ecotoxicological Laboratory of the Test Facility.
Acclimatisation: 1 day before the treatment, in artificial soil, under test environmental conditions (day 1 – day 0)
Number of animals: There were 40 earthworms at each concentration divided into 4 replicates (10 worms/replicate), while 80 earthworms were used in the untreated control divided into 8 replicates (10 worms/replicate). The homogeneity of the test population was checked as recommended. - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 56 d
- Remarks:
- Duration of the Study: 1 day pre-exposure period, 28 days exposure period and 28 days incubation period (in total 56 days exposure)
- Test temperature:
- The temperature ranged from 19.1 °C – 21.9 °C and was recorded (using a min/max thermometer) within the climate chamber on weekdays during the test. The measured temperature values are shown below.
- pH:
- The pH ranges of the samples, measured on day 0 and day 56 of the experiment, were 5.69 – 5.80 at test initiation and 6.02 - 6.46 at the end of the test.
- Moisture:
- At the start of the test the moisture content of the test medium was adjusted to about 60% (56.05% calculated) of the maximum WHC which corresponded about 17.8% of the dry soil. The moisture content was checked in one replicate of all concentration levels by measuring the weight of the test container. The average water content was 20.17% of dry soil at the beginning of the test. At the end of the test, the average water content was determined in the same replicates and found to be 19.33% of dry soil. The measured maximal water holding is shown below.
- Details on test conditions:
- The earthworms were conditioned for about 24 hours before treatment in the test substrate. Then they were housed in appropriate plastic containers (with ~1 L volume and ~200 cm² area), filled with the moist artificial soil (the amount of the soil was approximately 730 g /test container corresponded to 600 g dry soil). These plastic containers were covered with a transparent and punctured lid to allow gas exchange.
The test containers were identified with numbers (study code, test groups, replicates) and were held in a climate chamber under continuous lighting at a light intensity of about 670 lux. The light intensity in the climate chamber was checked at the start of the test. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- A preliminary range-finding test was conducted to determine the approximate acute toxicity of the test item. Two test vessels (containing 10 worms) were exposed to a widely spaced concentrations (1000.0; 333.0; 100.0; 10.0 and 1.0 mg/kg soil dry weight) of the test item plus a control, for a period of 14 days. The mortality and biomass changes were assessed at the end of the test. The results of the range-finding test are summarised in Table 2.
The test concentrations selected for definitive test based on the results of the range finding test were: 62.5, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0 and 1000.0 mg /kg soil dry weight. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- The sensitivity & reliability of the experimental procedure is assessed once a year by use of an item, known to be toxic & having an inhibitory effect to the earthworm reproduction such as Carbendazim (Active ingredient content: 99.3 %), last April 2021.
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 548.91 mg/kg soil dw
- 95% CI:
- >= 435.04 - <= 692.59
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOAEC
- Effect conc.:
- 62.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 56 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LOAEC
- Effect conc.:
- 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- development
- Remarks:
- biomass changes of adults
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks:
- of adults
- Details on results:
- Mortality: No mortality of adult (parent) worms was noted in the test item groups of 250.0, 500.0 and 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight after 28 days of exposure. After 28 days of exposure one out of 40 earthworms were observed as dead in the tested concentration of 125.0 mg/kg soil dry weight and 2/40 earthworms were observed as dead in the tested concentration of 62.5 mg/kg soil dry weight. These cases were considered due to natural causes rather than a toxic effect as these mortalities were between 2.5 % and 5.0 % in these test groups and no dose-related increase was observed in this study. Mortality was not detected in the control.
No behavioural effects were observed during the experiment neither in the test item treated groups nor in the control. The LC50 of Test Item could not be calculated due to the low mortality observed.
Changes in Biomass: There was an increase (1.91 %) in earthworm biomass over the 28-day period in the untreated control and also in test item concentrations up to 500.0 mg/kg soil dry weight, not statistically different to control. There was a slight decrease of biomass at the highest tested concentration of 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight (William’s Test, α = 0.05), but this difference did not show statistically significant effect when compared to the control.
Food consumption: The average food consumption was 24 g dry cow manure in total at the highest concentration of 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight, while it was 25 g in total, in the other test groups and in the control, but no statistical analysis could be run on these data due to the minimal difference in the data. Biological significant difference in feeding activity of the earthworms was not observed at the whole tested concentration range of 62.5 - 1000 mg/kg soil dry weight compared to the control.
Number of juveniles: The mean number of offspring was 125.25 juveniles (SD: 22.84) per replicate in the control. The number of juveniles and thus, the percentage mean of juveniles was statistically significant lower compared to the control group at the test item concentrations of 125.0, 250.0, 500.0 and 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight (William’s Test, α = 0.05). The EC50, based on the reproduction rate (juvenile numbers) of Eisenia fetida was determined as 548.91 mg/kg soil dry weight (95 % confidence limits: 435.04 – 692.59 mg/kg soil dry weight). The NOEC was 62.5 mg/kg soil dry weight.
For details on results please see tables! - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- START OF EXPERIMENT: 25 February 2021
END OF EXPERIMENT: 22 April 2021
REFERENCE ITEM AND VEHICLE
Reference Item Name: Carbendazim, batch No.: MKCH5597 (Purity: 99.3 %, appearance off-white powder, expiry date: 31 March 2021, manufacturer: Sigma-Aldrich Co.)
The choice of the test item concentrations was done on the basis of the information obtained from the e-Pesticide Manual, OECD No. 222.
The following concentrations of Carbendazim were used in the study: 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg a.i./ kg soil dry weight (corresponding to 0.38; 0.76; 1.51; 3.02 and 6.04 mg test item/kg soil dry weight).
ORGANISMS
Taxonomic Group: Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Species: Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826)
Life Stage: Adults
Age at start of experiment: About 6 months (not differing in age by more than 4 weeks) with clitellum.
Strain Code: VT BASF 05 09 266 -267 – 268 (in Charles River Laboratories Hungary Kft.)
Body Weight at start of experiment: 304 - 595 mg, including gut contents
Origin: BASF SE Crop Protection Division, Limburgerhof, Germany
RESULT
The test item Carbendazim (Active ingredient: 99.3 %) has adverse effect on the reproduction of earthworms (Eisenia fetida). The validity criteria of the study are met.
EC50 (56 day): 1.43 mg Carbendazim /kg soil dry weight (95 % confidence limits: 1.34 - 1.53 mg a.i./kg soil dry weight)
LC50 (28 day): >6.0 mg Carbendazim /kg soil dry weight
NOEC (28 day): 6.0 mg Carbendazim /kg soil dry weight (based on the adult mortality)
NOEC (28 day): 0.75 mg Carbendazim /kg soil dry weight (based on the biomass development)
LOEC (28 day): 1.5 mg Carbendazim /kg soil dry weight (based on the biomass development)
NOAEC (56 day): 0.75 mg Carbendazim /kg soil dry weight (based on percentage reproduction)
LOAEC (56 day): 1.5 mg Carbendazim /kg soil dry weight (based on percentage reproduction) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- All validity criteria in the controls were within acceptable limits and therefore, the study can be considered as valid. No mortality and the mean reproduction was 125.25 juveniles per container. The coefficient of variation of reproduction was 18.24%.
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, Tall-oil, maleated had adverse effect on the reproduction of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) (measured by the number of juveniles).
EC50 (56 day): 548.91 mg/kg soil dry weight (95 % confidence limits: 435.04 - 692.59 mg/kg soil dry weight)
NOAEC (56 day): 62.5 mg/kg soil dry weight
LOAEC (56 day): 125.0 mg/kg soil dry weight
Under the conditions of this test, Tall-oil, maleated didn’t show an adverse effect on mortality and biomass, but affected the reproduction of the adult earthworms.
LC50 (28 day): >1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight, based on the adult mortality
NOEC (28 day): 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight, based on the adult mortality
NOEC (28 day): 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight, based on the biomass changes - Executive summary:
No mortality of adult (parent) worms was noted in the test item groups of 250.0, 500.0 and 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight after 28 days of exposure. One out of 40 earthworms were observed as dead in the tested concentration of 125.0 mg/kg soil dry weight and 2/40 earthworms were observed as dead in the tested concentration of 62.5 mg/kg soil dry weight, which were considered due to natural causes rather than a toxic effect, as these mortalities were only 2.5 and 5.0 % in these test groups. No significant mortality (i.e. >10%) or dose-related increase was observed in this study. Mortality was not detected in the control.
There was an increase (1.91%) in earthworm biomass over the 28-day period in the untreated control and also in test item concentrations up to 500.0 mg/kg soil dry weight, not statistically different to control. There was a slight decrease of biomass at the highest tested concentration of 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight (William’s Test, α = 0.05), but this difference did not show statistically significant effect when compared to the control. The feed consumption at the highest concentrations of 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight was slightly lower than in the control.
The mean number of juveniles in the control group was 125.25 per replicate. The number of juveniles and the percentage mean of juveniles were statistically significant lower compared to the control group at the test item concentrations of 125.0, 250.0, 500.0 and 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight (William’s Test, α = 0.05). This followed a dose response and was considered to be an adverse effect of the test item. Therefore, the EC50, based on the reproduction rate (juvenile numbers) of Eisenia fetida was determined as 548.91 mg/kg soil dry weigjht (95 % confidence limits: 435.04 – 692.59 mg/kg soil dry weight)
Reference
Table: Earthworm mortality after 28 days at different concentrations of tall-oil, maleated
Concentration | Number of dead worms / replicates | Mean [%] | SD | |||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||
(5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |||
Control | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
62.5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5.0 n.s | 10.0 |
125.0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 n.s | 5.0 |
250.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 n.s | 0.0 |
500.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 n.s | 0.0 |
1000.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 n.s | 0.0 |
SD: Standard deviation
n.s.: Statistically not significant compared to the control (William’s Test, α = 0.05) (one-sided, smaller test)
Table: Weight changes [%] of the parent earthworms at different concentrations of tall-oil, maleated
Concentration | Weight change [%] | Mean [%] | SD | |||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||
(5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |||
Control | -3.57 | -0.40 | 1.54 | 6.89 | 1.91 | 4.72 |
-2.01 | -1.73 | 5.18 | 9.40 | |||
62.5 | 4.92 | 4.12 | 8.99 | 11.23 | 7.31 n.s | 3.37 |
125.0 | 3.00 | 9.93 | 3.05 | 4.99 | 5.25 n.s | 3.26 |
250.0 | 7.68 | 7.92 | 1.20 | 1.51 | 4.58 n.s | 3.73 |
500.0 | -1.79 | 8.95 | 0.96 | 8.59 | 4.18 n.s | 5.42 |
1000.0 | -1.24 | -4.67 | -3.43 | 4.72 | -1.15 n.s | 4.16 |
SD: Standard deviation
n.s.: Statistically not significant compared to the control (William’s Test, α = 0.05) (one-sided, smaller test)
Table: Total amount of feed (g Dry Cow Manure) added per concentration [Average of four replicates (eight replicates in case of the Control)] during the course of the cest
Concentration of test item | Total amount of dry cow manure added per group between Day 0 and 28 (average of four or eight replicates) [g] |
Control | 25.00 |
62.5 | 25.00 |
125.0 | 25.00 |
250.0 | 25.00 |
500.0 | 25.00 |
1000.0 | 24.00 |
Table: Number of juveniles measured at different concentrations of tall-oil, maleated
Concentration | Number of juveniles | Mean | SD | |||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||
(5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |||
Control | 161 | 107 | 97 | 119 | 125.25 | 22.84 |
143 | 145 | 127 | 103 | |||
62.5 | 95 | 139 | 111 | 79 | 106.00 n.s | 25.53 |
125.0 | 95 | 116 | 106 | 92 | 102.25* | 10.97 |
250.0 | 97 | 84 | 108 | 106 | 98.75* | 10.94 |
500.0 | 93 | 100 | 84 | 51 | 82.00* | 21.68 |
1000.0 | 24 | 13 | 46 | 21 | 26.00* | 14.12 |
SD: Standard deviation
n.s.: Statistically not significant compared to the control (William’s Test, α = 0.05) (one-sided, smaller test)
*: Statistically significant differences compared to the control (William’s Test, α = 0.05) (one-sided, smaller test)
Table: Individual worm weights
Concentration | Replicate | Day | Individual worm weights [mg] | Mean | SD | |||||||||
Control | (1) | 0 | 509 | 401 | 385 | 437 | 439 | 424 | 525 | 542 | 431 | 415 | 450.8 | 54.51 |
28 | 448 | 391 | 561 | 490 | 419 | 464 | 440 | 321 | 376 | 437 | 434.7 | 65.50 | ||
(2) | 0 | 393 | 452 | 472 | 397 | 562 | 586 | 509 | 518 | 372 | 485 | 474.6 | 72.23 | |
28 | 358 | 389 | 533 | 509 | 414 | 676 | 410 | 528 | 409 | 501 | 472.7 | 95.30 | ||
(3) | 0 | 377 | 487 | 556 | 376 | 399 | 399 | 499 | 434 | 590 | 423 | 454.0 | 75.60 | |
28 | 336 | 570 | 476 | 459 | 549 | 450 | 491 | 461 | 385 | 433 | 461.0 | 69.17 | ||
(4) | 0 | 561 | 367 | 380 | 400 | 531 | 407 | 522 | 470 | 373 | 486 | 449.7 | 72.90 | |
28 | 445 | 433 | 583 | 358 | 552 | 531 | 550 | 398 | 418 | 539 | 480.7 | 78.64 | ||
(5) | 0 | 568 | 443 | 548 | 365 | 436 | 366 | 466 | 443 | 526 | 477 | 463.8 | 69.09 | |
28 | 457 | 515 | 478 | 445 | 503 | 402 | 425 | 425 | 458 | 437 | 454.5 | 35.71 | ||
(6) | 0 | 425 | 441 | 489 | 557 | 388 | 481 | 525 | 473 | 450 | 445 | 467.4 | 49.03 | |
28 | 559 | 534 | 397 | 498 | 448 | 397 | 458 | 503 | 365 | 434 | 459.3 | 63.55 | ||
(7) | 0 | 499 | 395 | 427 | 426 | 426 | 542 | 504 | 349 | 443 | 392 | 440.3 | 58.84 | |
28 | 551 | 406 | 575 | 425 | 421 | 448 | 426 | 505 | 410 | 464 | 463.1 | 60.47 | ||
(8) | 0 | 398 | 542 | 449 | 553 | 364 | 409 | 441 | 442 | 380 | 362 | 434.0 | 67.56 | |
28 | 418 | 474 | 410 | 619 | 398 | 441 | 487 | 491 | 577 | 433 | 474.8 | 72.93 | ||
62.5 | (1) | 0 | 442 | 380 | 356 | 465 | 393 | 480 | 544 | 375 | 401 | 472 | 430.8 | 59.47 |
28 | 424 | 507 | 313 | 524 | 494 | 521 | 388 | 420 | 483 | 446 | 452.0 | 67.46 | ||
(2) | 0 | 382 | 471 | 412 | 597 | 426 | 396 | 385 | 435 | 441 | 352 | 429.7 | 68.01 | |
28 | 400 | 418 | 393 | 477 | 594 | 416 | 438 | 510 | 434 | 394 | 447.4 | 63.65 | ||
(3) | 0 | 385 | 578 | 470 | 432 | 356 | 400 | 358 | 460 | 406 | 457 | 430.2 | 66.08 | |
28 | 378 | 500 | 539 | 468 | 522 | 406 | 463 | 475 | - | - | 468.9 | 54.76 | ||
(4) | 0 | 503 | 384 | 375 | 390 | 464 | 355 | 431 | 553 | 369 | 433 | 425.7 | 64.57 | |
28 | 428 | 556 | 393 | 514 | 408 | 672 | 441 | 467 | 485 | 371 | 473.5 | 89.71 | ||
125.0 | (1) | 0 | 403 | 399 | 374 | 550 | 507 | 397 | 481 | 432 | 401 | 384 | 432.8 | 59.37 |
28 | 372 | 428 | 526 | 662 | 191 | 489 | 357 | 401 | 634 | 398 | 445.8 | 138.77 | ||
(2) | 0 | 371 | 472 | 502 | 459 | 489 | 484 | 473 | 534 | 324 | 399 | 450.7 | 65.19 | |
28 | 539 | 633 | 516 | 520 | 411 | 384 | 523 | 518 | 415 | - | 495.4 | 78.37 | ||
(3) | 0 | 405 | 411 | 575 | 444 | 420 | 502 | 420 | 515 | 456 | 566 | 471.4 | 63.99 | |
28 | 467 | 465 | 488 | 555 | 619 | 577 | 425 | 411 | 371 | 480 | 485.8 | 77.56 | ||
(4) | 0 | 465 | 444 | 536 | 366 | 494 | 384 | 405 | 451 | 367 | 453 | 436.5 | 55.88 | |
28 | 387 | 514 | 435 | 410 | 450 | 554 | 496 | 477 | 463 | 397 | 458.3 | 53.58 | ||
250.0 | (1) | 0 | 496 | 371 | 345 | 407 | 428 | 427 | 507 | 415 | 380 | 507 | 428.3 | 57.89 |
28 | 454 | 551 | 510 | 442 | 469 | 361 | 470 | 476 | 487 | 392 | 461.2 | 54.49 | ||
(2) | 0 | 400 | 410 | 423 | 395 | 464 | 341 | 468 | 526 | 526 | 402 | 435.5 | 59.64 | |
28 | 417 | 563 | 364 | 524 | 519 | 531 | 547 | 372 | 458 | 405 | 470.0 | 75.74 | ||
(3) | 0 | 470 | 372 | 470 | 519 | 474 | 487 | 406 | 340 | 410 | 383 | 433.1 | 58.56 | |
28 | 311 | 383 | 403 | 554 | 588 | 352 | 396 | 398 | 522 | 476 | 438.3 | 91.65 | ||
(4) | 0 | 394 | 575 | 567 | 477 | 552 | 446 | 346 | 368 | 405 | 381 | 451.1 | 86.87 | |
28 | 429 | 562 | 534 | 400 | 447 | 451 | 526 | 464 | 377 | 389 | 457.9 | 64.07 | ||
500.0 | (1) | 0 | 427 | 386 | 454 | 465 | 449 | 481 | 537 | 408 | 378 | 421 | 440.6 | 47.50 |
28 | 433 | 382 | 412 | 484 | 457 | 508 | 462 | 414 | 385 | 390 | 432.7 | 43.71 | ||
(2) | 0 | 431 | 476 | 419 | 479 | 369 | 446 | 447 | 388 | 585 | 361 | 440.1 | 65.35 | |
28 | 555 | 668 | 439 | 433 | 594 | 408 | 407 | 472 | 468 | 351 | 479.5 | 97.31 | ||
(3) | 0 | 405 | 393 | 535 | 458 | 425 | 389 | 416 | 529 | 355 | 356 | 426.1 | 63.64 | |
28 | 496 | 357 | 385 | 467 | 423 | 469 | 317 | 410 | 497 | 481 | 430.2 | 62.28 | ||
(4) | 0 | 402 | 363 | 422 | 385 | 342 | 421 | 467 | 431 | 420 | 467 | 412.0 | 40.53 | |
28 | 490 | 443 | 507 | 442 | 469 | 471 | 569 | 349 | 360 | 374 | 447.4 | 69.87 | ||
1000.0 | (1) | 0 | 472 | 498 | 463 | 433 | 336 | 409 | 405 | 398 | 354 | 434 | 420.2 | 50.82 |
28 | 418 | 433 | 352 | 392 | 421 | 324 | 430 | 432 | 473 | 475 | 415.0 | 47.87 | ||
(2) | 0 | 448 | 455 | 437 | 443 | 355 | 481 | 388 | 463 | 467 | 367 | 430.4 | 44.20 | |
28 | 459 | 435 | 335 | 477 | 398 | 397 | 316 | 411 | 438 | 437 | 410.3 | 51.43 | ||
(3) | 0 | 447 | 455 | 522 | 445 | 374 | 373 | 369 | 422 | 490 | 392 | 428.9 | 52.50 | |
28 | 457 | 423 | 445 | 263 | 402 | 432 | 453 | 466 | 409 | 392 | 414.2 | 58.59 | ||
(4) | 0 | 505 | 425 | 424 | 437 | 447 | 395 | 361 | 414 | 574 | 365 | 434.7 | 64.12 | |
28 | 332 | 373 | 426 | 742 | 460 | 404 | 450 | 438 | 458 | 469 | 455.2 | 109.65 |
Table 11: Amount of feed added (g cow manure dry weight per replicate) to the different treatment groups during the test
Concentration | Replicate | Day | Total | Mean | |||||
1 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35-49 | ||||
Control | (1) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 25.0 |
(2) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(3) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(4) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(5) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(6) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(7) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(8) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
62.5 | (1) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 25.0 |
(2) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(3) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(4) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
125.0 | (1) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 25.0 |
(2) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(3) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(4) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
250.0 | (1) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 25.0 |
(2) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(3) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(4) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
500.0 | (1) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 25.0 |
(2) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(3) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
(4) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 25 | ||
1000.0 | (1) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 24 | 24.0 |
(2) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 24 | ||
(3) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 24 | ||
(4) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 24 |
Description of key information
To investigate effects of tall-oil, maleated on earthworms and their reproduction, an OECD 222 study was performed.
Under the conditions of this test, Tall-oil, maleated didn’t show an adverse effect on mortality and biomass, but affected the reproduction of the adult earthworms. The following data were recorded:
EC50 (56 day): 548.91 mg/kg soil dry weight (95 % confidence limits: 435.04 - 692.59 mg/kg soil dry weight)
NOAEC (56 day): 62.5 mg/kg soil dry weight
LOAEC (56 day): 125.0 mg/kg soil dry weight
LC50 (28 day): >1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight, based on the adult mortality
NOEC (28 day): 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight, based on the adult mortality
NOEC (28 day): 1000.0 mg/kg soil dry weight, based on the biomass changes
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil macroorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil macroorganisms:
- 62.5 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
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