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EC number: 236-695-4 | CAS number: 13465-41-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 20.October - 23. October 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 23.03.2006, Annex 5 corrected: 28 July 2011
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The pre-culture was prepared 5 days before the test start. As all validity criteria were met and exponential growth was observed in the blank control this was stated as uncritical.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: SAG strain number 86.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): MBM Sciencebridge GmbH (Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie of Universität Göttingen), May 2020
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation):
- Method of cultivation: stock culture on solid agar at 2 - 8 °C
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: pre-culture: nutrient medium and incubated under continuous lighting for 4 days under test conditions (Lighting: within the specified range of 4440 – 8880 lux; 21.7 – 22.5 °C)
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): standard algal medium
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 21.6 – 22.3 °C
- pH:
- 7.7 - 7.9
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 100, 32, 10, 3.2, 1 mg/L (related to test item)
calculated (by dilution factor from highest conctration measured at start): 3.11, 0.97, 0.30, 0.09, 0.03 (related to permanganic acid) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass flasks total volume 65 mL
- Type (delete if not applicable): open (covered with perforated plastic foil acting as a stopper)
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glasss, headspace: 20 mL., fill volume: 45 ± 1 mL
- Aeration:
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): -
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): -
- Initial cells density: 2.4x10^3
- Control end cells density: 5.2x10^5
- No. of organisms per vessel: -
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3 vessels, each filled with 45 ±1 mL test solution and algae; 1 vessel, filled with 45 ±1 mL test solution without algae for analytical determination
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):6 vessels, each filled with 45 ±1 mL algal medium and algae; 1 vessel filled with 45 ±1 mL algal medium without algae for analytical determination
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates):-
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: -
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: demin water
- Total organic carbon: -
- Particulate matter: -
- Metals: -
- Pesticides: -
- Chlorine: -
- Alkalinity: -
- Ca/mg ratio: -
- Conductivity: -
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: -
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: -
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 4440 – 8880 Lux
- Salinity (for marine algae): -
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [electronic particle counter] Cell Counter Z2, Beckman Coulter
- Chlorophyll measurement:-
- Other: -
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline:
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: not stated
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, CAS No. 7778-50-9)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.07 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- HMnO4
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.35 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- HMnO4
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.03 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- HMnO4
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- <= 0.03 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- HMnO4
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: growth rate 0.65 - 1.10 mg/L, yield 0.21 – 0.66 mg/L
- Other: - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistics were calculated with ToxRat Professional (V.3.3.0). Confidence intervals were calculated. 72h ErC10 0.05 mg/L – 0.10 mg/L, 72h ErC50 0.23 mg/L – 0.55 mg/L
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- An effect concentration EC50 (72 h) of 0.35 mg/L (95% c.i. 0.23 – 0.55 mg/L) was determined in this study.
- Executive summary:
One valid experiment was performed.
The study was performed using 5 concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 mg/L (nominal). Incubation time (test system Desmodesmus subspicatus) was 72 hours. The cell concentration of each replicate was determined by measuring the cell numbers every 24 hours with an electronic particle counter. Growth rate µ and the yield were determined from the cell number at the respective observation times.
Significant inhibition of algal growth was observed at all tested concentrations for the endpoints growth rate and yield.
At the beginning and at the end of the test, the content of Manganese (Mn) as component of the test item in the test solutions was determined using ICP-OES-determination. Due the low content of Mn in the test item (only 3.411 % HMNO4 in the whole test item), a good correlation between the HMnO4 and the measured concentration was observed only at the start of the test at the highest tested concentration 100 mg/L (nominal). Through the test, the test item precipitated and was present in the test system but not quantifiable with the measurement system. Only in the two highest test concentrations could be Mn detected at the end of the test. Therefore, the determination of the biological results was based on the calculated concentrations (using dilution factor) from the measured value of the highest concentration at the start of the test.
The 72h-EC50 values of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, CAS No. 7778-50-9) were determined in a separate reference test. The values lay within the range of the laboratory (growth rate 0.65 - 1.10 mg/L, yield 0.21 – 0.66 mg/L).
The following results for the test item Permanganic acid (3-5% in water) were determined:
Results of the test item
Endpoint
NOEC
LOEC
EC10
EC50
Growth Rate
< 0.03 mg/L
≤ 0.03 mg/L
0.07 mg/L
0.35 mg/L
Yield
< 0.03 mg/L
≤ 0.03 mg/L
0.02 mg/L *
0.09 mg/L
* Value was extrapolated by the program.
Note: According to the guideline, NOEC is determined by comparing of the respective treatment with the blank control using a hyphothesis test. Statistically insignificant variation is considered as “no observed effect”, although the EC10 which is read from the graph toxicity vs. concentration may lie lower.
Reference
Growth Rate µ, Yield
Nominal Concentration in mg/L |
Parameter |
Growth Rate (0-72 h) [day-1] |
Yield (0-72 h) |
Blank control |
Mean |
1.78 |
518207 |
SD |
0.06 |
91005 |
|
1 |
Mean |
1.69 |
381827 |
SD |
0.02 |
19976 |
|
3.2 |
Mean |
1.58 |
278573 |
SD |
0.05 |
38685 |
|
10 |
Mean |
0.82 |
25907 |
SD |
0.05 |
4042 |
|
32 |
Mean |
0.35 |
4633 |
SD |
0.04 |
976 |
|
100 |
Mean |
0.18 |
1780 |
SD |
0.01 |
144 |
SD = Standard Deviation
Inhibition Values
Nominal concentration in mg/L |
% Inhibition |
|
Growth Rate (0-72 h) |
Yield (0-72 h) |
|
Blank control |
0 |
0 |
1 |
5.4 |
26.3 |
3.2 |
11.4 |
46.2 |
10 |
54.3 |
95.0 |
32 |
80.2 |
99.1 |
100 |
89.8 |
99.7 |
Daily Growth Rates of the blank controls
Growth rates |
days 0 – 1 |
days 1 – 2 |
days 2 – 3 |
CV of sectional daily growth rates |
days 0 – 3 |
Replicate 1 |
2.162 |
1.683 |
1.178 |
29 % |
1.674 |
Replicate 2 |
2.165 |
1.905 |
1.172 |
29 % |
1.747 |
Replicate 3 |
2.160 |
1.871 |
1.418 |
21 % |
1.816 |
Replicate 4 |
2.475 |
1.700 |
1.189 |
36 % |
1.788 |
Replicate 5 |
2.548 |
1.590 |
1.367 |
34 % |
1.835 |
Replicate 6 |
2.222 |
1.318 |
1.970 |
25 % |
1.837 |
Mean |
2.289 |
1.678 |
1.382 |
29 % |
1.783 |
Standard deviation |
0.176 |
0.213 |
0.307 |
|
0.063 |
CV |
8 % |
13 % |
22 % |
|
4 % |
Assessment
Parameter |
Validity criteria |
Observed value |
Assessment |
Increase factor biomass |
factor 16 in 72 h |
213 |
Valid |
Mean coefficient of variation of daily growth rates |
max. 35 % |
29 % |
Valid |
Coefficient of variation of average growth rate during the whole test period |
max. 7 % |
4 % |
Valid |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.35 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.07 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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