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EC number: 215-662-8 | CAS number: 1338-24-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Renewal at 24 h of exposure
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not relevant
- Hardness:
- 150 g/l
- Test temperature:
- 20.6-22°C
- pH:
- 6.8-8.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.8-8.8 mg/l
- Salinity:
- freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal WAF loading rates: 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/L naphthenic acids
mean measured:
Concentrations remained stable over the renewal period (at least 87%).
GC-MS analyses indicated 85-91% of dissolved naphthenic acids contained 10-16 carbon atoms with a prevalence of one and two ring naphthenic acid isomers. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 200 ml
- Test volume: 100 ml
- No. of organisms per vessel:5 organisms (<24 h old) per vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Culture medium: Aged laboratory well water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Controlled conditions: temperature, light
- Photoperiod:Light/dark: 16/8
- Light intensity:521 lux - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 17-23
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 28.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 24 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 21-27
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 23.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOELR
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 7.68 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 17 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Observations: floating of daphnia was seen from 20 mg/l nominal concentration
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not specified
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The survival of the waterflea (species: Daphnia magna) is evaluated during 48 hours of exposure to the water accommodated fractions (WAF) of naphthenic acids. Test was performed according to OECD TG 202, in a semi static set up with medium renewal after 24 hours. WAFs were produced with loading rates 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/L naphthenic acids. The mean measured concentrations were:
The results of the study showed that WAF has lethal effects on Daphnia magna. The LLC50 is 24 mg/l (load) and LC50 is 20mg/l (measured) for 48 hours of exposure.
The test is performed according to GLP principles and standard test procedures. The quality of the test and test results are highly reliable. - Executive summary:
The effect of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of naphthenic acids (NA) on the survival of the invertebrate Daphnia magna was measured during a 48 hours exposure period. WAFs were prepared using loading rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/l naphthenic acids. The measured concentrations were <MQL(control), 3.9, 7.68, 17, 33.3 and 69 mg/l naphthenic acids.
The test was performed in controlled conditions. At 24 and 48 hours the number of surviving organisms was assessed. Results were expressed as % mortality. The effect concentrations were calculated.
Analytical results are available and document on the exposure concentrations and stability of the test substance.
The LLC50 is 24 mg/l (load) and LC50 is 20mg/l (measured) for 48 hours of exposure.
Also effects for 24 hours exposure are reported, and NOEC/LOEC values for both 24 and 48 hours of expposure.
The test is performed according to GLP principles and standard test procedures. The quality of the test and test results are highly reliable.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Environment Canada. Report EPS 1/RM/11. Biological Test Method: Acute lethality test using Daphnia spp, 1990; p 57.
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The study of Frank et al. 2009 studied the effect of 8 different NA-like surrogates. Only the results based on Cyclohexanecarboxyclic acid (CHCA) were used as supportive results as it was deemed most coparable to the test substance, because it has more than 8 Carbon atoms, 1 ring and is a monoacid)
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- common name: water flea
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- not specified
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 2 °C
- pH:
- 8.1 + /- 0.15
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not specified
- Salinity:
- not relevant
- Conductivity:
- not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concnetrations of CHCA (mg/L): 0, 600, 900, 1200, 1500
nominal concnetrations of CHCA (mg/L): 0, 100, 200, 300 - Details on test conditions:
- All assays were conducted at 20 ( 2 °C, a 16:8-h light:dark photoperiod cycle, and a light intensity of 400-700 lx.
Test vessels consisted of a 100-mL glass beaker with 80 mL of test solution and four D. magna neonates.
There were four replicates for each test concentration and eight replicates for the control solution, all of which were placed in a randomized block design using a random number generator (Microsoft Office Excel 2003).
Data from the replicates were combined for probit analysis. Control solutions were composed of reconstituted water equal to the volume used in the highest test concentration, plus distilled water, summing to a total volume of 80 mL. The pH of all NA-like surrogate test solutions and controls was adjusted to 8.1 ( 0.15 using NaOH and HCl. Neonates, from females aged 2 to 5 weeks old, were removed from daphnid culture vessels less than 24 h after culturing and were randomly transferred to test vessels in 1 mL of daphnid reconstituted water using a clean glass pipet. Following 48 h exposure, the neonates were examined and identified as alive or dead (identified by lack of movement of the body, appendages, and heart as observed through a microscope. Additional test concentrations were tested when the initial concentration range did not encompass the LC50. - Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 109 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI: +/- 38 mg/L
- Details on results:
- Claculated effect concntrations of the other 7 NA-like surrogates:
NA surrogate (abbreviattion) EC50 +/- 95% CI
hexanoic acid (HA) 116 +/- 153 mg/L
cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHCA) 855 +/- 97 mg/L
decanoic acid (DA) 219 +/- 64 mg/L
succinic acid (SA) 3223 +/- 261 mg/L
adipic acid (AA) 2996 +/- 164 mg/L
1,4-cyclohexanedicar-boxylic acid (CHDCA) 2632 +/-128 mg/L
cyclohexylsuccinic acid (CHSA) 1344 +/- 246 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Log-probit analysis for the D. magna acute toxicity test data was conducted using theUSEPAProbit Analysis Program Version 1.5 (34), which generated LC50 values with 95% CIs. Significant differences between LC50 values were identified by a lack of overlap between 95% CIs.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the acute toxicity test with NA-like surrogates the 48-h EC50 found for Daphnia magna was 109 mg/L +/- 38 mg/L for cyclohexanepentanoic acid (CHPA).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Details on testing procedures have been published by Linden et al : E. Linden , B.E. Bengtsson, O. Svanberg, G. Sundström, The acute toxicity of 78 chemicals and pesticide formulations against two brackish water organisms, the bleak (Alburnus alburnus) and the harpacticoid copocod (Nitocra spinipes), Chemosphere, 8:843-851
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Nitocra spinipes
- Water media type:
- brackish water
- Limit test:
- no
- Salinity:
- 7‰
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.8 mg/L
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL 3.8-6.2
- Conclusions:
- A 96-h LC50 of 4.8 mg/L for calcium naphthenate has been determined for the marine copepod, Nitocra spinipes by the Brackish Water Toxicology Laboratory (Sweden). The naphthenate ion is the ionised form of naphthenic acids so the LC50 value reported here is believed to be valid for naphthenic acids.
- Executive summary:
A 96-h LC50 of 4.8 mg/L for calcium naphthenate has been determined for the marine copepod, Nitocra spinipes by the Brackish Water Toxicology Laboratory (Sweden). The naphthenate ion is the ionised form of naphthenic acids so the LC50 value reported here is believed to be valid for naphthenic acids.
Referenceopen allclose all
Control and test solutions were clear and colourless with no visible signs of un-dissolved test substance, precipitate or surface film throughout the study.
No confidence limits are reported in the HPVIS document. The 95% CL are taken from the ‘Naphthenic acids category analysis and hazard characterizaton’. Report submitted to the US EPA by the American Petroleum Institute petroleum HPV testing Groupwww.petroleumhpv.org. Consortium Registration, May 14, 2012.
Description of key information
The survival of the waterflea (species: Daphnia magna) is evaluated during 48 hours of exposure to the water accommodated fractions (WAF) of naphthenic acids. The results of the study showed that WAF has lethal effects on Daphnia magna. The LLC50 is 24 mg/l (load) and LC50 is 20mg/l (measured) for 48 hours of exposure. A 96-h LC50 of 4.8 mg/L for calcium naphthenate has been determined for the marine copepod, Nitocra spinipes. The naphthenate ion is the ionised form of naphthenic acids so the LC50 value reported here is believed to be valid for naphthenic acids.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 20 mg/L
Additional information
The survival of the waterflea (species: Daphnia magna) is evaluated during 48 hours of exposure to the water accommodated fractions (WAF) of naphthenic acids. Test was performed according to OECD TG 202, in a semi static set up with medium renewal after 24 hours. WAFs were produced with loading rates 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/L naphthenic acids. The mean measured concentrations were: <MQL (control), 3.9, 7.68, 17, 33.3 and 69 mg/l naphthenic acids, and concentrations were stable during the renewal period (at least 87%). Test conditions were suitable.
The results of the study showed that WAF has lethal effects on Daphnia magna. The LLC50 is 24 mg/l (load) and LC50 is 20mg/l (measured) for 48 hours of exposure.
The test is performed according to GLP principles and standard test procedures. The quality of the test and test results are highly reliable.
Bengtsson et al. (1983) reported a 96-hr LC50 of 4.8 mg/l for Nitocra spinipes for calcium naphthenate in brackish water. The naphthenate ion is the ionised form of naphthenic acids so the LC50 value reported here is believed to be valid for naphthenic acids.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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