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EC number: 206-674-4 | CAS number: 366-18-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Two studies for acute oral toxicity are available.
Groce 1982: LD50 values (rat, oral) of 100 and 107 mg/kg bw for male and
female rats were reported.
Williamson 1972: LD50 (rat, oral) between 250 and 500 mg/kg bw.
Four studies for acute dermal toxicity are available.
Williamson (1972): LD50 (rat, dermal) between 625 and 1250 mg/kg bw.
Allen (1987a): The LD50 (rat dermal) of the test item was found to be
between 0.25 and 0.6 mL/kg bw. A conversion into mg/kg bw was not
possible due to missing information on density of the test item.
Allen (1987b): The LD50 (rat dermal) of the test item was found to be
between 400 and 1000 mg/kg bw.
Allen (1987c): The LD50 (rat dermal) of the test item was >400 mg/kg bw.
No data are available on inhalation toxicity of 2,2’-bipyridine.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- lowest LD50 value reported
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- discriminating dose
- Value:
- 625 mg/kg bw
Additional information
Both acute oral toxicity studies are lacking documentation. Although the study of Groce (1982) is described quite well, the information on the actually administered doses is not very clear. Information on housing or treatment of the animals are lacking in both studies.
Single oral application of 2,2’-bipyridine caused the same clinical signs in both studies such as tremors, orange-to-red coloured urine, and subdued behaviour. Animals died usually 1 to 2 days after administration of the test item.
Based on the data from the studies it can be concluded that the acute oral LD50 (rat) for 2,2’-bipyridine is in the range 100 -500 mg/kg bw.
All four acute dermal toxicity studies lack documentation, especially information on substance identification and purity. In fact, in neither of the studies of Allen, substance sameness to 2,2’-bipyridine cannot be emanated from the test item description, which only states the names “crude biphenyl”, “treated crude biphenyl”, and “biphenyl reactor stream”.
Nevertheless, in all four available studies, the LD50 (dermal) was found to be in a similar range: Williamson (1972)reports a LD50(rat, dermal) between 625-1250 mg/kg bw whereas the studies of Allen (1987) (a, b and c) give LD50 values (rat, dermal) of >0.25 and <0.6 mL/kg bw, 400 - 1000 mg/kg bw and of >400 mg/kg bw, respectively.
Using a conservative weight of evidence approach, the key value for chemical safety assessment was therefore said to be in a range of 625 - 1000 mg/kg bw.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Data from the two acute oral toxicity studies indicate that the acute oral LD50 (rat) for 2,2’-bipyridine is in the range 100 -500 mg/kg bw. Based upon the classification criteria according to the Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008, the test item 2,2’-bipyridine is classified into acute toxicity category III after oral application.
Data from the four acute dermal toxicity studies show that the acute dermal LD50 (rat) is between 625 and 1000 mg/kg bw 2,2’-bipyridine. Based upon the classification criteria according to the Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008, the test item 2,2’-bipyridine is classified into acute toxicity category III after dermal application.
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