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EC number: 203-606-5 | CAS number: 108-68-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 20 October 2004 to 22 October 2004
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 005
- Report date:
- 2005
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Mixed xylenols
- IUPAC Name:
- Mixed xylenols
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Mixed xylenols
- Substance type: Phenols
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.74%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): not stated
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: 2,5-xylenol: 16.4%; 3,4-xylenol: 16.9%; 2,4-xylenol: 22.7%; 3,5-xylenol: 11.1%; 2,3-xylenol: 18.2%; 2,6-xylenol: 14.7%
- Isomers composition: 2,5-xylenol: 16.4%; 3,4-xylenol: 16.9%; 2,4-xylenol: 22.7%; 3,5-xylenol: 11.1%; 2,3-xylenol: 18.2%; 2,6-xylenol: 14.7%
- Purity test date: not stated
- Lot/batch No.: 20 NOV 2003
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 31 July 2005
- Stability under test conditions: not stated
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature in the original container in a dark ventilated cabinet.
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At 0 and 48 hours one sample from each test solution and control was analysed for ethyl phenols. Three QC samples were also prepared at each sampling interval at nominal concentrationsof 1.00 to 50.0 mg/L and these were analysed at the same time as the test samples. Analysis was performed by GC/FID.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: solvent for test substance
- Eluate: not applicable
- Differential loading: not applicable
- Controls: Untreated media for control and acetone solvent control
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): organic solvent
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): 0.10 mL acetone/L water
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): none stated
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: not applicable
- Source: Cultures maintained at Springborn Smithers Laboratories, USA
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): <24 hours old
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): not applicable
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): not applicable
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD): not applicable
- Peripheral shell growth removed prior to test initiation: not applicable
- Method of breeding: parthenogenetic
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Not fed during test
- Amount: Not fed during test
- Frequency: Not fed during test
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: not applicable
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): not applicable
- Type and amount of food: Unicellular green alga, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, 4 x 10E7 cells/mL and a suspension of YCT (yeast, cereal leaves and flaked fish food)
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): <20% mortality in the 48 hours prior to test initiation
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Total hardness CaCO3: 190 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 19 - 21°C
- pH:
- pH 8.1-8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.7 - 9.5 mg/L ab (9.4 mg/L at test start)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 3.1, 6.3, 13, 25 and 50 mg/L
Mean measured: 2.0, 5.4, 11, 21 and 47 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL glass vessels with Teflon lined screw tops. Each vessel contained 200 mL of test solution.
- Aeration: none (volatile test substance)
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): not applicable
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): not applicable
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: not stated
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Fortified well water based on the formulation for hard water (US EPA method) and then filtration through an Amberlite XAD-7 resin column.
- Total organic carbon:
- Particulate matter: none observed
- Metals:none found
- Pesticides: none found
- Chlorine: not stated
- Alkalinity: 120 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Ca/mg ratio: hardness of 190 mg/L
- Conductivity: 500 µmhos/cm for dilution water
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: At 0 and 48 hours.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH:
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light / 8 hours dark
- Light intensity: 77 to 96 footcandles
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : The number of immobilised Daphnia in each test vessel were recorded at 0 and 48 hours. Daphnia were considered to be immobile if they were not able to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: approx. 2
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: not applicable
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L and 0.0010, 0.010, 0.10, 1.0 and 10 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 5.4-21 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 5.4-11 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: not stated
- Observations on body length and weight: not applicable
- Other biological observations: After 48 hours of exposure, 100% of the daphnids were immobilised in the 11, 21 and 47 mg/L treatment levels. No immobilisation or sublethal effects were observed in the daphnids exposed to the 2.0 and 5.4 mg/L treatments, nor in the controls.
- Mortality of control: none observed
- Other adverse effects control: none observed
- Abnormal responses: none observed
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: none observed
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: not applicable - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No reference substance reported.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Throughout the exposure period the analytical measurements generally approximated the nominal concentrations. The low recoveries in the 1.00 mg/L QC samples resulted from limitations due to the nature of the test substance. Results for the QC samples were recoveries of 63.4 - 63.5% for the 2.00 mg/L samples and 84.7 - 108% for the 10.0 and 50.0 mg/L samples, therefore appropriate precision was demonstrated.
After 48 hours of exposure, 100% of the daphnids were immobilised in the 11, 21 and 47 mg/L treatment levels. No immobilisation or sublethal effects were observed in the daphnids exposed to the 2.0 and 5.4 mg/L treatments, nor in the controls.
Table 1: Concentrations of mixed xylenols measured in exposure solutions during a 48 hour static exposure of Daphnia magna
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Measured concentration (mg/L) |
|||
0 hour |
48 hours |
Mean |
% of nominal |
|
Control |
<0.14 |
<0.14 |
NA |
NA |
Solvent controla |
<0.14 |
<0.14 |
NA |
NA |
3.1 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
64 |
6.3 |
5.7 |
5.2 |
5.4 |
86 |
13 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
85 |
25 |
23 |
20 |
21 |
85 |
50 |
45 |
49 |
47 |
94 |
NA = not applicable
a= acetone was used in the solvent control and in each test
vessel at a concentration of 0.1mL/L.
Table 2: Mean measured concentrations tested, corresponding cumulative percent, number of immobilisedDaphniaand observations recorded during the 48 hour static exposure of mixed xylenols to Daphnia magna
Mean measured concentration (mg/L) |
Cumulative percent immobilisation (%)a |
|||||||||
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||||||||
A |
B |
C |
D |
Mean |
A |
B |
C |
D |
Mean |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Solvent control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5.4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
80 |
60 |
60 |
40 |
60b |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
21 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
47 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
a=
Actual number of immobilised daphnids is presented in parentheses.
b= Several surviving daphnids were observed to be on the
surface of the test solution.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The 24 hour EC50 for mobility was determined to be 10.0 mg/L.
The 48 hour EC50 for mobility was determined to be 7.7 mg/L.
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