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EC number: 246-562-2 | CAS number: 25013-15-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Acute Toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 977
- Report date:
- 1977
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Federal Hazardous Substances Act, September 27, 1973.
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- fixed dose procedure
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-methylstyrene
- EC Number:
- 210-762-8
- EC Name:
- 4-methylstyrene
- Cas Number:
- 622-97-9
- Molecular formula:
- C9H10
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-methyl-4-vinylbenzene
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Details on test material:
- - Name as cited in study report: MCTR-243-77
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Test animals:
- Weight at study initiation: 2.10 to 2.50 kg
- Housing: Not specified (each animal was restrained in a harness during the 24 h application period)
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on dermal exposure:
- Removal of the test substance
- Washing: Using a damp towel
- Time after start of exposure: 24 h
- Amount(s) applied: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 or 5.0 mL/kg
- Concentration: Undiluted
- For solids, paste formed: Not applicable - Duration of exposure:
- 24 hours
- Doses:
- Group 1: 0.5 mL/kg bw (total volume given: 1.1 mL)
Group 2: 1.0 mL/kg bw (total volume given: 2.2 - 2.3 mL)
Group 3: 2.0 mL/kg bw (total volume given: 4.3 - 4.5 mL)
Group 4: 4.0 mL/kg bw (total volume given: 8.4 - 9.0 mL)
Group 5: 5.0 mL/kg bw (total volume given: 11.0 - 12.5 mL) - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 2 males and 2 females
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- The skin of one male and one female in each group was abraded, while the skin of the remaining male and female was left un-abraded. The test substance was applied to the site and remained in contact with the skin for 24 h, during which time each animal was restrained in a harness. An occlusive wrap was not used (the dental dam routinely used for this purpose was found to be incompatible with the test substance). After the 24 h application period, each animal was removed from its harness and the unabsorbed test substance was removed using a damp towel. All animals were observed for signs of dermal irritation, gross signs of systemic toxicity indicative of percutaneous absorption, and mortality, once daily for the following 14 days. At the end of the observation period, all animals were weighed, killed and a macroscopic examination was performed at necropsy.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 5 mL/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- Based on a relative density of 0.917, this is equivalent to an LD50 of 4585 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- There were no mortalities.
- Clinical signs:
- other: There were no signs of systemic toxicity or behavioral changes. At the site of test substance application, the following findings were noted: slight to moderate erythema and very slight to slight edema were noted in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, with moderate res
- Gross pathology:
- There were no remarkable macroscopic findings at necropsy.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the dermal LD50 was determined to be >5.0 mL/kg bw. Based on a relative density of 0.917, this is equivalent to an LD50 of 4585 mg/kg bw.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the acute dermal toxicity of the test substance according to Federal Hazardous Substances Act, September 27, 1973. Five groups of 2 male and 2 female rabbits were given a single non-occluded 24 h application of the test substance at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 or 5.0 mL/kg bw. The skin of two rabbits per group was abraded while the skin of remaining two rabbits was left intact. After 24 h, residual test substance was removed and the animals were observed for a further 14 d. Mortality and clinical signs were recorded daily, including examination for signs of skin irritation and systemic toxicity. Body weights were determined on Day 0 (day of application) and on Day 14, prior to necropsy. At necropsy, a macroscopic examination was performed. No mortality occurred in any of the rabbits during the study and no signs of systemic toxicity or behavioral changes were noted. At the site of test substance application, the following findings were noted: slight to moderate erythema and very slight to slight edema in all groups. These findings returned to normal during the second week of the observation period, except in Group 5. Slight fissuring was noted occasionally in two animals in Group 1 and one animal in Group 2. This finding was classified as being slight to moderate in Group 5. A dose-related incidence of coriaceous skin was noted in most animals, with slight responses in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 which returned to normal by the end of the observation period. Moderate responses of coriaceous skin were noted in Group 5. In addition, atonia and desquamation were noted in Group 5. Under the study conditions, the dermal LD50 was determined to be >5.0 mL/kg bw. Based on a relative density of 0.917, this is equivalent to an LD50 of 4585 mg/kg bw ( Adamik, 1997).
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