Niobium

Particle size distribution (Granulometry)

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

particle size distribution (granulometry)

Data waiving:

other justification

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Percentile:

D50

Remarks on result:

other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

particle size distribution (granulometry)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: CIPAC MT 170

Principles of method if other than guideline:

dry sieve analysis

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of method:

sieving

Percentile:

D50

Remarks on result:

other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.

Size:

3 350 µm

Distribution:

0 %

Remarks on result:

other: sum of residue

Size:

2 000 µm

Distribution:

0.07 %

Remarks on result:

other: sum of residue

Size:

1 000 µm

Distribution:

8.84 %

Remarks on result:

other: sum of residue

Size:

500 µm

Distribution:

28.65 %

Remarks on result:

other: sum of residue

Size:

250 µm

Distribution:

55.21 %

Remarks on result:

other: sum of residue

Size:

125 µm

Distribution:

81.4 %

Remarks on result:

other: sum of residue

Size:

75 µm

Distribution:

94.19 %

Remarks on result:

other: sum of residue

Size:

50 µm

Distribution:

98.13 %

Remarks on result:

other: sum of residue

Size:

40 µm

Distribution:

99.01 %

Remarks on result:

other: sum of residue

Tap Density

The tap density after 50 'taps' was determined to be 4.45 g/mL.

The following table shows the results of the dry sieve analysis.

Weight W [g]	Volume V [mL]	Tap Density DT [g/mL]
969.089	218	4.45
953.755	215	4.44
	Mean:	4.45

 

Dry Sieve Analysis

The mass of the sample to be taken for analysis was calculated as follows:

m = n · D · 20 g

n = number of sieves

D = tap density (g/mL) of granular material

n = 9,  D = 4.45 kg/L,   

m = 9 · 4.45 · 20 = 801g

Actual weight in all tests: 97.2 g

The particle size distribution of the test item Ferro-niobium < 2 mm was specified by the range [x1 x2] of two sieves where Rx ≥ 90 % and Rx ≤ 10 %.

The table shows the determined particle size distribution of the test item Ferro-niobium < 2 mm.

	Test 1	Test 2	Mean
sieve x µm	mass gx[g]	mass gx[g]	mass gx[g]	residue rx[%]	sum Rx [%]
Pan	7.68	7.75	7.72	0.97	99.98
40	6.57	7.52	7.05	0.88	99.01
50	30.98	32.04	31.51	3.94	98.13
75	102.46	101.97	102.22	12.79	94.19
125	212.48	206.14	209.31	26.19	81.40
250	214.86	209.72	212.29	26.56	55.21
500	156.81	159.77	158.29	19.81	28.65
1000	66.65	73.46	70.06	8.77	8.84
2000	0.60	0.54	0.57	0.07	0.07
3350	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

 

The determined range was:

x1 = 75 µm where Rx ≥ 90%

x2 = 1000 µm where Rx ≤ 10%.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

particle size distribution (granulometry)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: CIPAC MT 187

Principles of method if other than guideline:

laser diffraction with dry dispersion

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of method:

Laser scattering/diffraction

Type of distribution:

volumetric distribution

Mass median aerodynamic diameter:

991 µm

Percentile:

D50

Mean:

346.5 µm

Remarks on result:

other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.

Percentile:

D10

Mean:

123.8 µm

Remarks on result:

other: st. dev. not determined

Percentile:

D50

Mean:

346.5 µm

Remarks on result:

other: st. dev. not determined

Percentile:

D90

Mean:

695.2 µm

Remarks on result:

other: st. dev. not determined

Particle Size Distribution of Ferro-niobium < 0.4 mm

Measurement	1 [µm]	2 [µm]	3 [µm]	4 [µm]	Average [µm]
L10	136.359	136.641	99.208	127.879	123.8
L50(Median particle size)	348.337	350.424	318.304	368.961	346.5
L90	691.471	690.224	677.186	721.846	695.2

The MMAD (mass median aerodynamic diameter) can be calculated using the given density of the test item (ρ= 8.1997 g/cm³) with the following equation:

MMAD = MMD *ρ^0.5

MMAD = 991 µm

Reference 4

Endpoint:

particle size distribution (granulometry)

Remarks:

dry sieve method

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

12-16 October 2020

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: CIPAC MT 170

Version / remarks:

dry sieve method

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of method:

sieving

Type of particle tested:

primary particle

Type of distribution:

mass based distribution

No.:

#1

Size:

> 0 - < 40 µm

Distribution:

7.52 %

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

residue on the sieve

No.:

#2

Size:

> 40 - < 50 µm

Distribution:

4.68 %

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

residue on the sieve

No.:

#3

Size:

> 50 - < 100 µm

Distribution:

25.79 %

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

residue on the sieve

No.:

#4

Size:

> 100 - < 125 µm

Distribution:

11.11 %

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

residue on the sieve

No.:

#5

Size:

> 125 - < 250 µm

Distribution:

42.44 %

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

residue on the sieve

No.:

#6

Size:

> 250 - < 500 µm

Distribution:

8.4 %

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

residue on the sieve

No.:

#7

Size:

> 500 - < 1 000 µm

Distribution:

0.01 %

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

residue on the sieve

The particle size distribution of FeNb Fines M45was specified by the range [x1 x2] of two sieves where R_x ≥ 90 % and R_x ≤ 10 %.

Particle size distribution of FeNb Fines M45 (test 1)

sieve x µm	mass sieve before sieving procedure [g]	mass sieve after sieving procedure [g]	mass netto [g]
Pan	411.47	460.47	49.00
40	263.27	288.49	25.22
50	264.79	420.82	156.03
100	271.67	338.69	67.02
125	270.25	528.70	258.45
250	240.57	291.75	51.18
500	313.47	313.60	0.13
1000	363.47	363.47	0.00

 

Particle size distribution of FeNb Fines M45 (test 2)

sieve x µm	mass sieve before sieving procedure [g]	mass sieve after sieving procedure [g]	mass netto [g]
Pan	411.48	453.77	42.29
40	263.57	295.18	31.61
50	264.90	422.20	157.30
100	271.81	339.79	67.98
125	270.47	527.64	257.17
250	240.70	291.54	50.84
500	313.55	313.57	0.02
1000	363.49	363.50	0.01

Particle size distribution of FeNb Fines M45 (mean values of test 1 and 2)

sieve x µm	mass gx [g]	Residue rx [%]	Sum Rx [%]
Pan	45.65	7.52	99.95
40	28.42	4.68	92.43
50	156.67	25.79	87.75
100	67.50	11.11	61.96
125	257.81	42.44	50.85
250	51.01	8.40	8.41
500	0.08	0.01	0.01
1000	0.01	0.00	0.00

 

The determined range was:

Range:x1 =  40 µm where R_x≥ 90 %

           x2 = 250 µm where R_x≤ 10 %

Discussion: For dry sieve analysis the following sieves were used: 1000, 500, 250, 125, 100, 75, 50 and 40 µm. The determined range was between 40 µm for R_x ≥ 90% and 250 µm for R_x ≤ 10%. The retained material on the pan was 51.44 g (7.41%). Using the dry sieve method, it was found that ≥ 90% of all the particles of the test item was found on the 40 µm sieve and therefore are bigger than 40 µm and ≤ 10% of all the particles were found on the 250 µm sieve and therefore are bigger than 250 µm.

Conclusions:

For dry sieve analysis the following sieves were used: 1000, 500, 250, 125, 100, 75, 50 and 40 µm. The determined range was between 40 µm for Rx ≥ 90% and 250 µm for Rx ≤ 10%. The retained material on the pan was 51.44 g (7.41%). Using the dry sieve method, it was found that ≥ 90% of all the particles of the test item was found on the 40 µm sieve and therefore are bigger than 40 µm and ≤ 10% of all the particles were found on the 250 µm sieve and therefore are bigger than 250 µm.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

particle size distribution (granulometry)

Remarks:

laser diffraction

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

12-16 October 2020

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: CIPAC MT 187, CIPAC MT 166

Version / remarks:

Laser diffraction

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of method:

Laser scattering/diffraction

Type of particle tested:

primary particle

Type of distribution:

volumetric distribution

Mass median aerodynamic diameter:

484.51 µm

Remarks on result:

other: The aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was calculated to be 484.51 µm. The density was provided by the sponsor to be 8.1997 g/cm3.

Percentile:

D10

Mean:

58.44 µm

St. dev.:

0.84

Remarks on result:

other: mean value was calculated from 3 measured values

Percentile:

D50

Mean:

169.2 µm

St. dev.:

2.14

Remarks on result:

other: mean value was calculated from 3 measured values

Percentile:

D90

Mean:

358.66 µm

St. dev.:

5.03

Remarks on result:

other: mean value was calculated from 3 measured values

Volume based particle size distribution of FeNb Fines M45

Measurement	L10 D (v, 0.1) [µm]	L50 D (v, 0.5) [µm]	L90 D (v, 0.9) [µm]
1	57.29	166.25	352.09
2	58.78	170.06	364.30
3	59.25	171.27	359.59
Mean Value	58.44	169.20	358.66

Conclusions:

Volume based particle size distribution of FeNb Fines M45

L10 D (v, 0.1) [µm]: 58.44
L50 D (v, 0.5) [µm]: 169:20
L90 D (v, 0.9) [µm]: 358.66

The aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was calculated to be 484.51 µm.

Description of key information

<0.4 mm material (laser diffraction; CIPAC MT 187):
D10: 123.8 µm
D50: 346.5 µm
D90: 695.2 µm
MMAD: 991 µm

<2 mm material (sieve analysis; CIPAC MT 170):
The determined range was:
x1 = 75 µm where Rx ≥ 90% (D10)
x2 = 1000 µm where Rx ≤ 10%. (D90)
Rx: sum of residue

Fines M45 material (laser diffraction; CIPAC 187

D10: 58.44 µm

D50: 169.2 µm

D90: 358.66 µm

MMAD: 485 µm

Fines M45 material (sieve analysis; CIPAC MT 170)

The determined range was:

x1 =  40 µm where Rx ≥ 90%

x2 = 250 µm where Rx ≤ 10 %

Additional information

The substance is marketed or used in compact form and as granular/powder form. Granular/powder forms (< 0.4 mm and < 2 mm and 40 -150µm) were examined with laser diffraction (CIPAC MT 187) and sieve analysis (CIPAC MT 170).