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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Endpoint summary

Administrative data

Description of key information

Additional information

Toxicity to soil macroorganisms:


An acute toxicity study, carried out according to OECD guideline 207, gives a 14-day EC50 of 31.8 mg/kg soil dw and a NOEC of 22.0 mg/kg soil dw for Eisenia fetida (earthworm).


 


Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods:


Several tests have been launched for assessing DMDS toxicity to beneficial arthropods.


- An acute toxicity study, carried out according to test procedures in accordance with OECD guideline studies, reveal 48-hour LD50 greater than 100 µg a.i./bee for Apis mellifera (Honeybee). DMDS is therefore considered as non toxic to bees.


- A reproduction toxicity on Hypoaspis aculeifer, carried out according to drafted OECD guideline, gives a LC5016d of 207.7 mg/kg soil dw, based on mortality. Based on reproduction, EC50 16d is of 100.9 mg/kg soil dw. NOEC is of 31.6 mg/kg soil dw, based on mortality and on reproduction.


- A reproduction toxicity study of DMDS to Folsomia candida(collembola) was carried out by Moser according to the ISO 11267 standard. Based on the results of this study, the 28-days NOEC based on reproduction was determined to be 10 mg/kg soil dw


- A toxicity on Poecilus cupreus (Carabid beetle), carried out according to Heimbach method, gives a 14 days NOEC greater than 1000 mg/kg soil dw, based on mortality. 14-days LC50 value is not calculated.


Toxicity to soil microorganisms:


Toxicity studies, carried out according to OECD 216 and 217, give 28-day EC50 greater than 15,000 mg/kg soil dw for soil microorganisms whatever the test considered (nitrogen transformation or carbon transformation). The NOEC = 15,000 mg/kg soil dw can be used as a long term endpoint for PNEC derivation, according to guidance R.7C.


 


Toxicity to birds:


In 2005, an acute toxicity study of DMDS to Bobwhite quail was carried out by Kirkpatrick according to EPA OPPTS 870.1300 and GLP requirements. Based on the results of this study, the LC50 of DMDS was 478 ppm when male and female Bobwhite quail were exposed to a vapor of the test article as a single, 4-hour, whole-body exposure. LC50 was of 512 ppm for males and of 449 ppm for females.


 


Toxicity to plants


In 2008, toxicity studies of DMDS were carried out by Porch to determine the effects of the test substance on vegetative vigor and of seedling emergence of ten species of plants, according to EPA Guidelines and GLP requirements. A toxicity test to determine the toxicity of DMDS on vegetative vigour of ten species of plants was performed according to EPA OPPTS 850.4150. Exposure to vapours resulting from application of DMDS at the rate of 672 kg/hectare, 67.2 g/m2 resulted in adverse effects (mean survival, height, and dry weight) of 25% or more for nine of ten species (all exceptLolium perenne). 


A toxicity test to determine the tier II toxicity of DMDS on vegetative vigour of ten species of plants was investigated according to EPA OPPTS 850.4250 (Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Tier I (vegetative vigor tier II)) (Porch JR Krueger HO 2008). 10 species were exposed to nominal test levels in the range of 21.1 kg/hectare, 2.1 g/m2 to 336 kg/ha, 33.6 g/m2. At test termination there were no observed effects on three of the ten species tested. Reductions of 25% or greater in one or more of mean survival, height, and dry weight were observed on five of the ten test species at the rate of 336 kg/ha, 33.6 g/m2. The most sensitive species wasLycopersicon esculentum(tomato) for which the most sensitive endpoint was height with an EC25of 60.5 kg/ha or 6.05 g/m2.


A toxicity test to determine the toxicity of DMDS on seedling emergence of ten species of plants was investigated according to EPA OPPTS 850.4225 (Seedling Emergence Tier II) (Porch JR Krueger HO 2007). Ten species exposed to nominal test levels in the range of 42.0 kg/ha, 4.2 g/m2 to 672 kg/ha or 67.2 g/m2. The EC25s ranged from > 672 kg/ha or 67.2 g/m2 with no adverse effects forAvena sativa(oat) to 102 kg/ha, 10.2 g/m2 for dry weight in Cucumis sativa(cucumber).


Based on these data the EC25for toxicity to plants is nominally 60.5 kg/ha, 6.05 g/m2. From this value, a conversion factor of 0.0133 has to be applied in order to convert from kg/ha ww to mg/kg soil dw (making use of conversion from ww to dw: 1.13, taking account of DEPTHsoil = 0.2 m and RHOsoil = 1700 kg.m-3). A NOEC has been calculated as being 41.5 mg/kg soil dw.


 


PNEC calculation: as expected for a fumigant, the results show that the most sensitive trophic level is invertebrates with a NOEC of 10 mg/kg for collembola. Long term toxicity studies are available for 3 trophic levels (producers, consumers, decomposers) therefore an assessment factor of 10 will be applied to the collembola NOEC. PNECsoil = 1 mg/kg soil dw.