(1E)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

07 Apr 2009 to 10 Apr 2009

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: OECD guideline study conducted under GLP conditions.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

2004

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

At the start of the test, a quantity of each of the excess test solutions were placed in volatile bottles with sealed lids and taken away for analysis. At the end of the test, one replicate of the dilution water control and each of the test concentrations were sampled.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

DILUTION WATER:
The reconstituted water medium used for testing (and maintenance of stock cultures) was Elendt's M4 D. magna medium (according to guideline). The pH, conductivity, alkalinity, total hardness, free and residual chlorine, ammoniacal nitrogen as N, solids-suspended at 105°C, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are determined for representative batches of dilution water used at the testing facility throughout the year, along with a range of metals, pesticides and PCBs.

PREPARATIONS OF TEST SOLUTION:
All stock solutions of the test substance were prepared in dilution water. Each test solution was prepared in excess of that required for the replicate vessels, to allow for initial pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements. The highest concentration (70 %) was prepared by bubbling test substance through 3500 mL of media for approximately 60 minutes via a sintered glass diffuser to obtain a saturated solution of the gas (100 %). This was then diluted to 70 % saturation with media that had been diffused with oxygen for 30 minutes. All other concentrations were prepared from the 70 % stock. The control consisted of dilution water only. All final solutions were observed to be clear and colourless and contained nutrients as required. Mixing, dilution and addition of solutions to test vessels was carried out with minimal agitation to maintain the volatile gaseous test substance in solution.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

The test organism was obtained from continuous laboratory cultures held at Brixham Environmental Laboratory. The stock cultures of D. magna were maintained in a reconstituted water medium, identical to the test dilution water, at a temperature of 20 ± 2 °C. The cultures were maintained in 2 L glass vessels with a working volume of 1.6 L. A photoperiod of 16 hours light: 8 hours dark, with 20 minute transition periods was provided.

The D. magna cultures were fed on a mixed algae diet of Chlorella vulgaris, strain CCAP 211/12 and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, strain ATCC 22662. The D. magna cultures were fed daily ad libitum depending on age and density of the culture. Culture conditions were such that the D. magna reproduction was by diploid parthenogenesis.

D. magna < 24 hours old, obtained from a single culture vessel, were used for testing. The parent animals were 15 ± 1 days old and had been maintained with a twice weekly renewal of reconstituted water medium since birth. The test organisms and the culture from which they were obtained showed no evidence of disease before the test period.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

244.0 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20.0 ± 1 °C

pH:

7.8 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

9.0 - 9.8 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

- Nominal concentrations: 0, 4.38, 8.75, 17.5, 35 and 70% of saturation.
- Measured concentrations (t=0): - Measured concentrations: (t=48h): - Measured concentrations (mean): ND, 27, 38, 91, 175 and 405 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS:
The test vessels employed were glass bottles of 50 mL nominal capacity, filled completely, with airtight, disc/crimp closures. The positions of the treatments were randomly allocated within the test area. The nominal test solution temperature was 20 ± 1 °C, and a photoperiod of 16 hours light : 8 hours dark, with 20 minute dusk and dawn transition periods, was provided. The test was initiated by the addition of five randomly selected D. magna, in a minimum volume of dilution water, to each test vessel. The test was run with 4 replicates of the control and each test treatment with 5 daphnids per replicate. Each treatment contained a total of 20 D. magna. The test solutions were not aerated and the D. magna were not fed during the course of the study.

OBSERVATION OF EFFECTS:
An assessment of the response of the D. magna was made 24 and 48 hours after the commencement of the test. Each D. magna was viewed by eye and was defined as affected if showing no whole body movement, relative to the water, within a period of 15 seconds even if movement of individual appendages was visible. D. magna so affected were termed immobile. Any other overt symptoms of toxicity were also recorded.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS:
Measurements were undertaken at the beginning and end of the test for pH and DO concentration using calibrated meters. At the start of the test (t=0) the DO concentration and pH of the dilution water control and test substance concentrations were measured using the excess solution remaining after filling the test vessels. At the end of the test (t=48 h), the DO and pH of one replicate of the dilution water control and all the exposure concentrations were measured. Dissolved oxygen and pH were measured in the top concentration after 24 hours as 100 % mortality was observed. Temperature values were determined daily, in an additional test vessel, using a mercury in-glass thermometer calibrated to "BS593". Hourly temperature measurements were also recorded automatically in the additional test vessel using an electronic recording system.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

82 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C.L.: 66-100 mg/L

Details on results:

BIOLOGICAL DATA:
There was no immobility observed in the dilution water control. No other symptoms of toxicity were observed.

ANALYTICAL DATA:
The limit of quantification of test substance in this study was 0.003 mg/L. As the initial concentration series was made on percentages of an unknown stock and on the basis of the analytical data mean measured concentrations were used for the calculation and reporting of results.

Daphna magna respons:

Time [h]	Mean measured concentration [mg/L]	Number immobilised per replicate				Total number immobilised	% Immobilisation
		A	B	C	D
24	DWC	0	0	0	0	0	0
	27	0	0	0	0	0	0
	38	0	0	0	0	0	0
	91	0	0	0	0	0	0
	175	5	3	4	5	17	85
	405	5	5	5	5	20	100
48	DWC	0	0	0	0	0	0
	27	0	0	0	0	0	0
	38	0	0	1	0	1	5
	91	3	3	4	3	13	65
	175	5	5	4	5	19	95
	405	5	5	5	5	20	100

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 48-h EC50 in Daphnia magna is 82 mg/L (measured concentration).

Executive summary:

The short-term toxicity of the substance to aquatic invertebrates was determined in a study in accordance with OECD TG 202 and in compliance with GLP criteria. In this study, Daphnia magna (4 replicates of 5 animals per concentration) were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 4.38, 8.75, 17.5, 35 and 70% of saturation for 48 hours under static conditions. Nominal concentrations were prepared by bubbling test substance through 3500 mL of media for approximately 60 minutes to obtain a saturated solution of the gas (100 %). This was then diluted to 70 % saturation with media that had been diffused with oxygen for 30 minutes. All other concentrations were prepared from the 70 % stock. Test concentrations were analytical verified. Mean measured concentrations were 27, 38, 91, 175 and 405 mg/L. After 48 hours exposure, an effect was first seen at 38 mg/L with 5 % immobilisation. At 91 and 175 mg/L, immobilisation percentages were 65 and 95 %, respectively and at the highest concentration tested all Daphnia were immobilised. Based on these findings, the 48 -h EC50 was determined at 82 mg/L (measured concentration).

Description of key information

The short-term toxicity of the substance to aquatic invertebrates was determined in a study in accordance with OECD TG 202. In this study the 48-h EC50 was determined at 82 mg/L (measured concentration).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

82 mg/L

Additional information

The short-term toxicity of the substance to aquatic invertebrates was determined in a study in accordance with OECD TG 202 and in compliance with GLP criteria (Brixham Envriomental laboratory, 2010). In this study, Daphnia magna (4 replicates of 5 animals per concentration) were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 4.38, 8.75, 17.5, 35 and 70% of saturation for 48 hours under static conditions. Nominal concentrations were prepared by bubbling test substance through 3500 mL of media for approximately 60 minutes to obtain a saturated solution of the gas (100 %). This was then diluted to 70 % saturation with media that had been diffused with oxygen for 30 minutes. All other concentrations were prepared from the 70 % stock. Test concentrations were analytical verified. Mean measured concentrations were 27, 38, 91, 175 and 405 mg/L. After 48 hours exposure, an effect was first seen at 38 mg/L with 5 % immobilisation. At 91 and 175 mg/L, immobilisation percentages were 65 and 95 %, respectively and at the highest concentration tested all Daphnia were immobilised. Based on these findings, the 48 -h EC50 was determined at 82 mg/L (measured concentration).