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EC number: 811-858-8 | CAS number: 2149571-68-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 31st July 2015 - 31st July 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study contducted to OECD guidelines
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Report date:
- 2015
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Since no sodium bicarbonate solution was available, pH on the day of the testing was adjusted using Sodium hydroxide instead of Sodium bicarbonate. The study integrity was not adversely affected by the deviation.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Since no sodium bicarbonate solution was available, pH on the day of the testing was adjusted using Sodium hydroxide instead of Sodium bicarbonate. The study integrity was not adversely affected by the deviation.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8192 (Water quality - Test for inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium oxidation)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Since no sodium bicarbonate solution was available, pH on the day of the testing was adjusted using Sodium hydroxide instead of Sodium bicarbonate. The study integrity was not adversely affected by the deviation.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- pentasodium 4-amino-3-[(1E)-2-(2,4-disulfonatophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-6-[(1E)-2-(4-nitro-2-sulfonatophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
- EC Number:
- 811-858-8
- Cas Number:
- 2149571-68-4
- Molecular formula:
- C22 H11 N6 O18 S5 .5Na
- IUPAC Name:
- pentasodium 4-amino-3-[(1E)-2-(2,4-disulfonatophenyl)diazen-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-6-[(1E)-2-(4-nitro-2-sulfonatophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
- Reference substance name:
- pentasodium 4-amino-3-[(2,4- disulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-5-hydroxy-6-[(4-nitro-2- sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
- IUPAC Name:
- pentasodium 4-amino-3-[(2,4- disulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-5-hydroxy-6-[(4-nitro-2- sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- Identification K1600 black dye
Appearance Black powder
Batch G-152
Purity/Composition 99.03%
Test substance storage At room temperature
Stable under storage conditions until 31 December 2016 (retest date) (taken from label)
Purity/composition correction factor No correction factor required
Test substance handling No specific handling conditions required
Chemical name (IUPAC), synonym or
trade name
sodium 4-amino-3-((E)-(2,4-disulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)-6-
((E)-(4-nitro-2-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)-5-
oxidonaphthalene-1,7-disulfonate
CAS Number 1422649-48-6
Molecular formula C22 H11 N6 O18 S5 . 5 Na
Molecular weight 922.6
Solubility in water 20-23%
Stability in water Stable
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Sampling and analysis
- Details on sampling:
- The sludge was coarsely sieved (1 mm) and allowed to settle. The supernatant was removed and ISO-medium was added. A small amount of the sludge was weighed and dried overnight at ca. 105°C to determine the amount of suspended solids (3.0 g/l of sludge, as used for the test).
The pH was 5.6 and was adjusted to 7.5 using 1M NaOH (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) on the day of testing. The batch of sludge was used one day after collection; therefore 50 ml of synthetic medium (=sewage feed) was added per litre of activated sludge at the end of the collection day. The sludge was kept aerated at test temperature until use.
Test solutions
- Details on test solutions:
- The batch of activated sludge was checked for sensitivity by testing the reference substance 3,5-dichlorophenol.
A 3,5-dichlorophenol solution with a final concentration of 1 g/l in Milli-RO water was prepared. The pH as used for the test was 8. The 3,5-dichlorophenol stock solution was stored in a freezer until use. The reference substance solution was defrosted at room temperature and diluted to reach the test concentrations. Three concentrations were tested: 2.0, 5.0 and 12 mg/l.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
Study design
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- After the 3-hour contact time the oxygen consumption was recorded for a period of approximately 10 minutes. During measurement, the sample was not aerated but continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer.
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- The medium temperature was recorded continuously in a temperature control vessel(s). The temperature control vessel(s) was/were identically prepared compared to the control vessels. A temperature control vessel with a REES sensor was placed in each fume cupboard of the climate
room. The temperature continuously measured in the temperature control vessels ranged between 19 and 21°C during the test, and complied with the requirements as laid down in the protocol (20 ± 2°C). - pH:
- The pH was determined in the remaining part of the reaction mixture. This procedure was repeated for all test/reference substance concentrations and controls. The pH in all test vessels, before addition of sludge was between 7.5 and 7.6. After the 3 hour exposure period the pH was between 7.1 and 7.8.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- The aeration was adjusted in such a way that the dissolved oxygen concentration at the start was above 60-70% saturation (60% of air saturation is > 5 mg/l at 20°C) and to maintain the sludge flocs in suspension.
- Details on test conditions:
- Contact time: 3 hours, during which aeration and stirring took place.
Vessels: All glass open bottles/vessels.
Milli-RO / Milli-RO water: Tap-water purified by reverse osmosis (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass., USA).
Synthetic medium (=sewage feed): 16 g peptone
11 g meat extract
3 g urea
0.7 g NaCl
0.4 g CaCl2.2H2O
0.2 g MgSO4.7H2O
2.8 g K2HPO4
Dissolved in Milli-RO water, made up to 1 litre and filtered.
The pH was within 7.5 ± 0.5.
Inhibitor of nitrification: A 2.32 g/l solution of N-allylthiourea (ATU, Merck Schuchardt OHG, Hohenbrunn, Germany) was prepared. 2.5 ml of this solution was added to 500 ml final test medium (final ATU concentration: 11.6 mg/l).
Air supply: Clean, oil-free air.
Aeration: The aeration was adjusted in such a way that the dissolved oxygen concentration at the start was above 60-70% saturation (60% of air saturation is > 5 mg/l at 20°C) and to maintain the sludge flocs in suspension.
Oxygen recording: Determination of oxygen was performed with multiple oxygen sensors connected to a BlueBox (GOSystemelektronik GmbH, Germany), a multichannel measuring and controlling system. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-Dichlorophenol
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Details on results:
- In the combined limit/range-finding test no statistically significant inhibition of the respiration rate of the sludge was recorded at a concentration of 1000 mg K1600 black dye per litre (average inhibition 5%). Thus, the EC50 was above the highest concentration tested (1000 mg/l).
There was no oxygen uptake from abiotic processes and no inhibition of nitrification was observed at 1000 mg/l. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The respiration rate (R) from each vessel, in mg O2/l.h was calculated or interpolated from the linear part of the respiration curve, which was generally between 2 and 7 mg O2/l.
R was calculated by the BlueBox software as (V1 – V2)/Δt * 60
Where:
V1=Value 1: the oxygen concentration at the start of the selected section of the linear phase (mg O2/l),
V2=Value 2: the oxygen concentration at the end of the selected section of the linear phase (mg O2/l),
Δt is the time interval between these two measurements.
Negative R values were expressed as 0 mg O2/l.h (V1
Furthermore the respiration rate was expressed as the amount of oxygen consumed per g dry weight of sludge per hour (Rs in mg O2/g.h).
Rs = R / SS
Where SS is the concentration of suspended solids in the test mixture (g/l).
The different indices of R which may be combined are:
S specific rate
T total respiration rate
N rate due to nitrification respiration (combined limit/ range-finding test)
H rate due to heterotrophic respiration (combined limit/ range-finding test)
A rate due to abiotic processes (combined limit/ range-finding test)
B rate based on blank assays (mean)
Calculation of oxygen uptake due to nitrification:
The relationship between total respiration (RT), nitrification respiration (RN) and heterotrophic respiration (RH) is given below:
RN = RT - RH
Where:
RN is the rate of oxygen uptake due to nitrification (mg O2/l.h).
RT is the measured rate of oxygen uptake (no ATU) (mg O2/l.h).
RH is the measured rate of oxygen uptake with added ATU (mg O2/l.h).
Calculation of the inhibition of the respiration rate:
The percentage inhibition, IT, of total oxygen consumption is given below:
IT = [1- (RT/RTB)] x 100%
Similarly, the percentage heterotrophic oxygen uptake, IH, is given below:
IH = [1- (RH/RHB)] x 100%
Finally, the inhibition of oxygen uptake due to nitrification (if applicable), IN, is given below:
IN = [1- (RT-RH) / (RTB-RHB)] x 100%
Any other information on results incl. tables
Evaluation was based on the inhibition of the total respiration.
ECx:
For the reference substance calculation of EC50 value was based on probit analysis using linear maximum likelihood regression with the percentages of respiration inhibition versus the logarithms of the corresponding concentrations of the substance.
For K1600 black dye no EC50-value could be calculated because the test substance proved to be nontoxic (EC50 > 1000 mg/l).
NOEC determination:
An effect was considered to be significant if statistical analysis of the data obtained for the test concentrations compared with those obtained in the blank control revealed significant inhibition of the respiration rate (Two sample t-test Procedure, α=0.05, one-sided, smaller).
The calculations were performed with ToxRat Professional v. 3.0.0 (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany).
Acceptability of the test:
1. The mean blank control oxygen uptake rate exceeded 20 mg oxygen per one gram of activated sludge (dry weight of suspended solids) in an hour (21 mg oxygen per one gram of activated sludge). The coefficient of variation of oxygen uptake in blank control replicates did not exceed 30% at the end of the definitive test (13%).
2. The EC50 of 3,5-dichlorophenol was in the accepted range of 2 to 25 mg/l for total respiration (3.6 mg/l)
Since all criteria for acceptability of the test were met, this study was considered to be valid.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this present test K1600 black dye was not toxic to waste water bacteria (activated sludge) at 1000 mg/l.
The EC50 was above 1000 mg/l - Executive summary:
The influence of K1600 black dye on the respiration rate of activated sludge was investigated after a contact time of 3 hours.
The study procedures described in this report were based on the OECD guideline No. 209, 2010. In addition, the procedures were designed to meet the test methods of the Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 of 30 May 2008, Publication No. L142, Part C11 and ISO Standard 8192 (2007).
The batch of K1600 black dye tested was a black powder with a purity of 99.03%. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test substance.
A stock solution of 10 g/l was prepared. Vigorous mixing (vortex) and stirring was applied to completely dissolve the test substance and ensure homogeneity. Volumes of the black stock solution (pH 9.2) corresponding to the test concentration were then added to the test media. Optimal contact between the test substance and test organisms was ensured applying continuous aeration and stirring. Thereafter, oxygen consumption was recorded for approximately 10 minutes.
In a combined limit/range-finding test concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/l were tested. The concentration rate was tested in triplicate, lower concentrations consisted of one replicate. Furthermore, at 1000 mg/l an abiotic control (1 replicate) and three replicates with a nitrification inhibitor were tested. Responses were compared to the blank and nitrification controls.
No statistically significant inhibition of the respiration rate of the sludge was recorded at a concentration rate of 1000 mg K1600 black dye per litre (average inhibition 5%). Thus, the EC50 was above the highest concentration tested (1000 mg/l).
The batch of activated sludge was tested for sensitivity with the reference substance 3,5-dichlorophenol, and showed normal sensitivity.
The study met the acceptability criteria prescribed by the protocol and was considered valid.
Under the conditions of this present test K1600 black dye was not toxic to waste water (activated sludge) bacteria at 1000 mg/l (NOEC).
The EC50 was above 1000 mg/l.
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