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EC number: 224-460-9 | CAS number: 4368-56-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- other: expert judgement
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2023
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline required
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Expert judgement
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: not applicable
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: expert judgement
- Parameter:
- other: ready biodegradability based on expert judgement
- Remarks on result:
- other: not readily biodegradable based on Expert Judgement
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Not readily biodegradable
- Executive summary:
Not readily biodegradable based on expert judgement
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- other: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- From April 06 to May 04, 1994
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Justification for Read Across is given in Section 13 of IUCLID
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: sludge of a biological sewage teatment plant
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): ARA-Reinech.
- Collected on: 05/04/1994
- Concentration: 910 mg/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 298 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 151.2 mg/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Water/Nutrient: according to the specification of the EEC L133 (pp. 99-105) Volume 31 resp. OECD Method 302 B.
- Temperature: 22.0 ± 3°C (room temperature).
- Test duration: 28 days.
- Lighting: indirect daylight.
- Estimation Technique: TOC/DOC Analyzer/ SHIMADZU TOC-5000. - Reference substance:
- diethylene glycol
- Remarks:
- 149.4 mg/l
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- ca. 45.8
- Sampling time:
- 3 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: adsorption
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- ca. 92.3
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable, fulfilling specific criteria
- Conclusions:
- bioelimination of test substance measured as DOC after 28 days corrected by the blank control is: 92.3%
Adsorption after 3 hours: 45.8% - Executive summary:
Methods:
The inherent biodegradability of test substance was determined in a 28 days Zahn-Wellens -test according to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 302B, 1981.
Results:
Bioelimination of test substance measured as DOC after 28 days corrected by the blank control is: 92.3%
Adsorption after 3 hours: 45.8%
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening test, other
- Type of information:
- other: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- March 3, 1976
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- abstract
- Justification for type of information:
- Justification for Read Across is given in Section 13 of IUCLID
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Internal method Nr.15 (BOD5)
Internal method Nr.16 (COD)
No other information available. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- not specified
- Details on inoculum:
- No data available
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 5 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 1 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 5 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 10 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 50 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 500 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- pH: 6.7 ( 1g/L ) - Reference substance:
- not specified
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Parameter:
- COD
- Value:
- ca. 1 260.48 mg O2/g test mat.
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- ca. 42 mg O2/g test mat.
- Parameter:
- BOD5*100/COD
- Value:
- ca. 3
- Remarks on result:
- other: the value is dimentionless
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- BOD5= 42 mg O2/g
COD= 1260.48 mg O2/g
BOD5/COD= 0.03 - Executive summary:
Method:
Internal method Nr. 16 and Nr.15
Results:
- BOD5= 42 mg O2/g
- COD= 1260.48 mg O2/g
- BOD5/COD= 0.03
Referenceopen allclose all
TOC = 48.5%
Description of key information
Not readily biodegradable
DOC (28 d) = 92.3%; adsorption after 3h = 45.8%
BOD5/COD= 0.03
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- not biodegradable
Additional information
Different available tests may be valuable, as part of a Weight of Evidence approach that gives information on biodegradability. No information about the Biodegradability in water and Aquatic toxicity of the Target Substance is available. The information for Biodegration in water: screening tests are predicted by using a similar substance with the test substance, due to the absence of information for the test susbtance. The complete Read - Across justification is attached at section 13.
Inherent biodegradability
The inherent biodegradability was determined in a Zahn-Wellens, test according to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 302B, Paris 1981. The test has been performed in compliance with the Procedures and Principles of Good Laboratory Practice , regulation of Switzerland. The test substance and the reference substance Diethylenglycol, respectively, were tested in concentrations of 150 mg/L DOC.
The biodegradation of the test substance after 28 days was 92.3%, with adsorption after 3 h of 45.8%. The biodegradation of the reference substance after 9 days was 98.8%.
In a further test, the DOC removal was calculated with a Zahn/Wellens test (OECD 302 B) in 14 days, with a sample not fully representative of the test substance, and its value was 99%. Only short abstract was available, therefore no consideration can be made using the results obtained by this test.
COD/BOD5 ratio
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) are the most commonly used parameters for the characterization of the biodegradability capacity.
COD results are typically higher than BOD5 values, and the ratio between vary depending on the characteristics of the substrate. This ratio has been commonly used as an indicator for biodegradation capacity, the "Biodegradability index" (B.I.).
As indicated in ECHA Guidance requirement R.7B, the BOD5 test is a traditional biodegradation test that is now replaced by the ready biodegradability tests. Therefore, this test should not be performed today for assessment of the ready biodegradability of substances.
Older test data may, however, be used when no other degradability data are available.
Studies on BOD5 and COD are available for this substance, therefore they have been used together with the inherent biodegradability OECD 302.B., in the weight of evidence approach for this substance.
COD was measured according to Method A-16. Details of the method have been not reported. The COD measured was 1260.48 mg/g O2, at concentration of 5 mg/L.
BOD5 was measured according to Method A-15. Details of the method have been not reported. The BOD5 measured was 42 mg/g O2, at concentration of 100 mg/L.
As reported in the ECHA Guidance R7.b, a substance is considered as readily biodegradable if BOD5/COD > = 0.5. The ratio BOD5/COD for the test item is 0.03, therefore the substance is considered as not readily biodegradable.
Moreover, considering the nature of their design and use, dyes are not intended to be readily biodegradable as this would assist in the rapid destruction of the dyestuff, rendering it unfit for purpose. As such, it is accepted that such substances are not readily biodegradable under relevant environmental conditions. A published study (Pagga & Brown, 1986) describes the results of the testing of 87 dyestuffs in short-term aerobic biodegradation tests. The authors of this publication concluded that dyestuffs are very unlikely to show any significant biodegradation in such tests and that 'there seems little point in carrying out such test procedures’on dyestuffs. There are ISO, European, American (AATCC) and national standards for the colour fastness of dyes. Dyes are required to have specific fastness properties. If the dyes were biodegradable, it would not be possible for them to have these fastness properties.
Pagga, U. and Brown, D. (1986). The degradation of dyestuffs: Part II. Behaviour of dyestuffs in aerobic biodegradation tests. Chemosphere 15: 479-491.
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