1-chlorobutane

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

oral: LD50 > 2000 < 5000 mg/kg bw (WoE: Rudnev et al. 1979, rat and mouse, Smyth et al. 1954, rat)
inhalation: LC 50 (rat) > 7.74 mg/L air (90-0524-FGT)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

March 1st- 31th, 1990

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP - Guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

, 1981

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

Sprague-Dawley

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Lippische Versuchstierzucht HAGEMANN GmbH & Co., Exertal 1, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 51 - 54 days
- Weight at study initiation: 229 - 249 g (males); 212 - 250 g (females)
- Fasting period before study: 16 hours
- Housing: in groups of two or three in MAKROLON cages (type III)
- Diet: ad libitum standardized diet for rats ALTROMIN 1324 (ALTROMIN GmbH, Lage/Lippe, Germany); analysed for contaminants
- Water: ad libitum tap water; analysed regularly
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 +/-2
- Humidity (%): 50 +/- 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

IN-LIFE DATES: From: Feb. 1990 To: March 15th, 1990

Route of administration:

inhalation: aerosol

Type of inhalation exposure:

nose only

Vehicle:

air

Details on inhalation exposure:

GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: dynamic inhalation apparatus with a nose-only exposure according to Kimmerle & Trepper.
- Exposure chamber volume: 40 L
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: Apparatus consists of a cylindrical exposure chamber which holds a maximum of 20 animals in pyrex tubes at the edge of the chamber in a radial position
- Source and rate of air: 400 L/h
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: A mixture of test substance and air was obtained using a spray-jet. The spray-jet was fed with compressed air from a compressor and with the test article using an infusion pump and a 50 mL syringe.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: 22 +/- 3°C

TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: GC-analyses of two air samples
- Samples taken from breathing zone: yes

TEST ATMOSPHERE (if not tabulated)
- Particle size distribution: Test substance is of volatile nature at room temperture (vapour pressure 10700 Pa at 20°C). This resulted in an almost complete gas phase in the inhalation chamber after the test substance air mixture escaped from the spray-jet.

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

yes

Duration of exposure:

4 h

Concentrations:

1.49 and 7.74 mg/L air (actual concentrations)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:
Observations and clinical examiniations: on the day of exposure 5, 15, 30 and 60 min, 3 h and 24 h after end of exposure; during recovery period at least once a day until all symptoms had subsided, thereafter each working day.
Individual body weight: before the exposure and after exposure in weekly intervals; if animals died body weight at time-point of death was recorded.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight gain

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

> 7.74 mg/L air

Based on:

test mat.

Exp. duration:

4 h

Mortality:

No mortality occured.

Clinical signs:

other: No substance-related intolerance reactions were observed.

Body weight:

No inhibition of body weight gain was examined.

Gross pathology:

Macroscopic inspection revealed no pathological findings.

Interpretation of results:

study cannot be used for classification

Remarks:

Migrated information

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Oral:

In acute oral toxicity tests Rudnev et al. (1979) exposed albino rats and white mice to 1-chlorobutane. LD50s of 2200 mg/kg bw and 5600 mg/kg bw were examined, respectively, indicating that rats may be more sensitive to 1-chlorobutane than mice. No further information on mortality, clinical signs or necropsy were provided. In another acute oral toxicity test 5 female rats were intubated with a logarithmic series of doses (Smyth et al., 1954). 14 days after dosing, mortality was considered to be complete (LD50: 2670 mg/kg bw).

Taken together in a weight of evidence approach, the data indicate that the test material has a low toxic potential to rats and mice after oral ingestion.

 

Inhalation:

In a GLP-guideline study according to OECD 403 (1981) rats were exposed to 1-chlorobutane via aerosol inhalation to actual concentrations of 1.49 and 7.74 mg/L air over an exposure period of 4 hours (90-0524-FGT). No substance-related toxicity was observed and no mortality occurred. Macroscopic inspection revealed no pathological findings. Thus the LC50 was determined to be > 7.74 mg/L air. An inhalative LC50 value for male rats was reported as > 8000 ppm (> 30 mg/L) after an exposure period of 4 hours to the vapour of 1-chlorobutane by Smyth et al.(1954). Two of six male rats died within an observation period of 14 days after exposure.

 

Dermal:

In an acute dermal toxicity study with rabbits, available as short abstract only, no effects were detected after 24 hours of exposure to very high amounts of 1-chlorobutane (LD50 > 20 ml/kg).The test substance was applied occlusively to 1/10 of the body surface (Smyth et al., 1954).

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
Weight of evidence approach.

Justification for classification or non-classification

The available data is conclusive but not sufficient for classification according to DSD (67/548/EEC) and CLP (1272/2008/EC).